- Email: [email protected]
Meaning as a Healing Agent
MATTERS OF NOTE
Meaning as a Healing Agent uring the past three decades, research and discoveries in neuroscience validate healing traditions that are thousands of years old, and show that the mind/body connection is indeed very real and very powerful. They point to new directions in the ways we think of and treat disease, and promote wellness. The Santa Barbara Healing Sanctuary is the first restoration in 1,500 years of an ancient form of Western medicine—the potent concentration of the meaning response by way of dreaming. And the people who participate are benefitting.
D
Asklepian Dream Healing When Western medicine began, around 2,700 years ago, there were two equally important strands, woven together. On the one hand, there was what we now call conventional medicine, which included surgery, medication, diet, and exercise. On the other was a focus on profoundly meaningful experiences, such as healing rituals and dreaming. One of the greatest philosophers of all time, Plotinus, suggested that the ritual chant that goes with the medicine is as important as the medicine itself. The experience of meaning was taken as being a primary healing agent on the same level as physical medicine. Contemporary research confirms the importance of meaning formation. Medical anthropologist Daniel Moerman asserts that the term placebo effect is a contradiction in terms: we define a pill or a procedure to be inert, thus having no effect by definition, and then purport to study its effects. He therefore proposes the term meaning response. Patients respond with a healing response to the meaning perceived in the ritual of receiving drugs or having surgery, even if the pills and the procedures are by themselves inert. For this reason dreaming, potentially one of the most profound conveyors of meaning, was the one consistent feature in medicine all over Europe for more than a millennium. From approximately 1300 BCE to 500 CE, in Asklepian temples, physicians guided patients with seemingly in-
Matters of Note
Stephen Aizenstat, PhD
Santa Barbara Sanctuary
tractable health problems through intensive healing retreats. A wide range of therapies was invoked but the capstone of these efforts was incubation, a period during which a patient fasted, prayed, and slept in an enclosed chamber called an abaton, which literally means the “Inaccessible Place.” Through dreaming in the abaton, they would come in contact with forces otherwise inaccessible to their ordinary awareness. In an interview with Ed Tick, PhD, published in EXPLORE in 2004, he explained that, “Typically, the patient remained in the abaton until he or she received a dream or vision in which Asklepios or one of his helpers appeared. In Greece, the dream typically involved instantaneous healing by Asklepios. During the later Roman era, ‘the god’ who appeared during the dream most commonly prescribed an intervention or remedy, which the supplicant took in order to obtain healing over time.”
form of dreaming. During three nights, they sleep together in the abaton, where they access the hitherto inaccessible forces of healing. They do daily sessions of dream embodiment and dream tending, dream-based theater and movement, journal writing and art, as well as watsu (aquatic therapy) meditation, yoga, Chinese medicine, and personalized nutrition support. Throughout the treatment program and subsequent follow-up, the Santa Barbara Healing Sanctuary merges both conventional and integrative medicine modalities and the participant’s primary medical team is brought into the process.
Santa Barbara Healing Sanctuary Founded by Jungian psychoanalyst Robert Bosnak, PsyA, clinical psychologist Stephen Aizenstat, PhD, and a group of highly experienced physicians and clinicians, the recently-opened Santa Barbara Healing Sanctuary offers this ancient form of medicine to individuals suffering from serious medical conditions or those in recovery who simply want to maintain optimal health. The Sanctuary opened in 2011. For 10 days the Santa Barbara Healing Sanctuary participants (maximum of eight) focus all their activities on triggering this profound
Robert Bosnak, PsyA
EXPLORE November/December 2012, Vol. 8, No. 6 323
The results, according to Bosnak and Aizenstat, have been profound and remarkable—in some cases intractable illnesses have been ameliorated and, for those who came for the prevention of illness, a sense of robust health has returned. During the last session a powerful image of a wolf appeared to two participants during and after their sleep in the abaton. For one, a patient with MS, it helped her walk with more stability; for the other, a person with intractable pain whose wolf from a high escarpment was overlooking the valley ahead leading to the mountains in the distance, it meant seeing a profoundly new way into the future, which had felt hopeless. It is striking that dogs were seen to be sacred to the Physician God and certified case reports from Antiquity, unknown to these modern day Sanctuary participants, tell about dogs appearing in healing dreams. The Sanctuary is holding its next session in February in Santa Barbara. The team is also able to stage healing sanctuaries in other cities, if desired. At the onset of Western medicine, the word ‘physician’ pointed to a follower of the Great Physician whose invisible spirit found its home at his sanctuaries. There never was a conflict between what is now called conventional medicine and meaning-based medicine or integrative medicine. For more information, please contact the sanctuary at (877) 216-4610 or visit http://santabarbarahealingsanctuary.com.
Berman Receives Sir Alister Mcintyre Distinguished Lecture Award The University of the West Indies and University of Technology, Jamaica, presented Brian Berman, MD, with the Sir Alister McIntyre Distinguished Lecture Award. This award is given annually to honor a physician-researcher by the University Diabetes Outreach Programme (UDOP) of which the two Universities were founding members. The incidence of type 2 diabetes continues to accelerate, making it a growing public health problem. Left untreated, type 2 diabetes can lead to heart attack, stroke, renal failure, and other problems. At the
18th Annual International Diabetes Conference, University of Maryland Center for Integrative Medicine founder and director Brian Berman, MD, delivered the conference keynote address, discussing ways physicians can help their patients with type 2 diabetes by the use of integrative therapies and explaining how nutraceuticals, therapeutic diets, herbs and spices, exercise, and mind– body therapies can effectively treat and oftentimes prevent type 2 diabetes. University of Maryland School of Medicine Dean E. Albert Reece, MD, PhD, MBA, presented the award to Dr Berman. “Professor Berman has dedicated his career to evaluating the efficacy, safety and cost effectiveness of complementary and integrative medicine and is considered one of the pioneers in the field. He founded the Center for Integrative Medicine at the University of Maryland School of Medicine, the first program of its kind based at an academic-medical center,” said Reece. “Like other Sir Alister McIntyre Distinguished Lecture Award recipients, he is recognized nationally and internationally for his pioneering research and medical scholarship.”
Bushnell to Lead New Pain Program at NCCAM Catherine Bushnell, PhD, an internationally recognized pain and neuroscience researcher, has been appointed Scientific Director of a new research program focusing on the role of the brain in perceiving, modifying, and managing pain. Based in the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM), part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), this collaborative effort will complement basic science and clinical research efforts of other ongoing intramural neuroscience, imaging, and mental and behavioral health research programs. According to the Institute of Medicine, in the United States, more than 100 million people suffer from chronic pain conditions, and it is estimated to cost nearly $635 billion annually for treatment and lost productivity. Although tremendous progress has been made in drug treatment of acute pain, there are pressing needs for better understanding and treatments for chronic pain.
324 EXPLORE November/December 2012, Vol. 8, No. 6
“Dr Bushnell’s work has profoundly changed the ways in which we understand and study this very important problem,” said NCCAM Director Josephine P. Briggs, MD. “Under her leadership, this program will continue to work toward the development of better ways to safely and more effectively treat chronic pain, and advance research on the intersection and integration of pharmacological and nonpharmacological approaches.” Research projects will include investigating the role of the brain in pain processing and control, and how factors such as emotion, attention, environment, and genetics affect pain perception. The program will also explore how chronic pain produces changes in the brain that can modify how the brain reacts to pain medications like opioids. “Dr Bushnell is a pioneer in the field of pain research, and NIH is extremely fortunate to have her leading this research program,” said Michael Gottesman, Deputy Director for Intramural Research. “She and her team will add a novel and important component to NIH’s overall intramural neuroscience research community.” Dr Bushnell comes to NIH from McGill University in Montreal, where she was the Harold Griffith Professor of Anesthesia and professor in dentistry and neurology. Her research interests include brain mechanisms of pain processing, psychological modulation of pain, and brain changes in chronic pain patients. Recent research projects utilize brain imaging and psychophysical testing to study the neural basis of pain processing. “I am honored to have been selected to collaborate and work with one of the strongest neuroscience research programs in the world,” Dr Bushnell said. “I look forward to strengthening our understanding of the mechanisms and modulation of pain.” The program will be the focus of NCCAM’s Division of Intramural Research, located on the NIH campus in Bethesda, MD.
Dr. Helen Erickson Receives 2012 Holistic Nurse of the Year Award The American Holistic Nurses Association (AHNA) recently conferred its Holistic Nurse of the Year award to Helen Er-
Matters of Note
Helen Erickson
ickson, PhD, RN, at its 32nd annual conference. The award is presented annually to recognize outstanding achievement in the field of holistic nursing. “Dr Erickson’s work and life serve as exemplars for what it means to be a holistic nurse, both personally and professionally. Her holistic and comprehensive approach fulfils nursing’s commitment to clients and our role in society,” said AHNA President Glenda Christiaens, PhD, RN. “To be recognized for fulfilling one’s purpose in life and for doing that which gives one’s life meaning, is an incredible experience,” said Helen Erickson. “For me, the experience was enhanced because of those who came before me. To walk in their path is a humbling, spiritual experience that I shall cherish for ever.”
Award from the University of Texas at Austin, School of Nursing in 1990; inducted into the ADARA, Women’s Leadership Society at the University of Michigan in 1982; and in 1982 received the Sigma Theta Tau (Rho Chapter) Award for Excellence in Nursing. She is the immediate Past-Chair of the American Holistic Nurses Certification Corporation. Dr Erickson’s established the Society for the Advancement of Modeling and Role-Modeling to support and provide resources for furthering the work of holistic nurses. Early on she recognized the need “to integrate self-care, self-responsibility, spirituality, and reflection” in her life in order to be “an instrument of healing and a facilitator in the healing process.” In 1983, Dr Erickson coauthored Modeling and Role Modeling: A Theory and Paradigm for Nursing. She has edited and written chapters in Modeling and Role-Modeling: A View from the Client’s World (2006) and Exploring the Interface between the Philosophy and Discipline of Holistic Nursing: Modeling and Role-Modeling at Work (2010). In addition, Dr Erickson has published on states of coping, adaptation to stress, political aspects of compassionate care, modeling and role-modeling theory, holistic healing, philosophy and the theory of holism, and the importance of holistic nursing. She has also conducted more than 14 research projects, with much emphasis on self-care and physical wellbeing. Dr Erickson worked for several years in clinical practice prior to becoming a nurse educator. She taught holistic nursing at the University of Michigan, the University of South Carolina, and the University of Texas at Austin. She served in academic administrative positions at both the University of South Carolina and the University of Texas, and was awarded Professor Emeritus status at the University of Texas at Austin upon her retirement in 1997.
About Helen Erickson Dr Erickson started her nursing career after graduating from the Saginaw General Hospital School of Nursing with a diploma in 1957. She went on to obtain her BSN in 1974, her MS in nursing in 1976, and her PhD in educational psychology in 1984, all from the University of Michigan. Dr Erickson was inducted into the American Academy of Nursing as a fellow in 1996; awarded the Faculty Teaching
Matters of Note
Bastyr Opens Second Campus In September 2012 Bastyr University opened its second campus — Bastyr University, California. The school, which is located at 4106 Sorrento Valley Boulevard in San Diego, is California’s first and only accredited school of naturopathic medicine. Seattle-based Bastyr University chose San Diego as the location of its second
Bastyr California campus campus after carefully considering the interest from potential students and patients, partnership opportunities with the region’s health research institutions, a projected primary care shortage in California, and support from the state’s natural health leaders. The San Diego campus will offer the Doctor of Naturopathic Medicine (ND) program, with additional degree programs coming in later years. Bastyr University President Daniel K. Church, PhD, named Moira Fitzpatrick, PhD, ND, as Bastyr University, California’s first vice president. She will serve as both chief administrative and academic officer. “I am honored and excited to lead and be a part of the team at Bastyr University, California,” said Dr Fitzpatrick. “I stand on the shoulders of Dr Bastyr, the founders of Bastyr University and my teachers, and know that education is the way to not only keep natural medicine alive but also to nourish and support its continual evolution.” Dr Fitzpatrick has a BA in developmental psychology from UC, Davis, an MA and PhD in clinical psychology from California School of Professional Psychology and a Doctor of Naturopathic Medicine degree from Bastyr University. Bastyr University, located near Seattle, Washington, is the largest accredited university for natural health arts and sciences in the US, offering more than 17 degree and certificate programs in fields such as naturopathic medicine, acupuncture and Oriental medicine, and whole-food nutrition. For more information please go to: http://www.bastyr.edu. Matters of Note is written and compiled by Bonnie J. Horrigan, editorial director for EXPLORE and author of Voices in Integrative Medicine: Conversations and Encounters (Elsevier 2003).
EXPLORE November/December 2012, Vol. 8, No. 6 325
Meaning as a Healing Agent uring the past three decades, research and discoveries in neuroscience validate healing traditions that are thousands of years old, and show that the mind/body connection is indeed very real and very powerful. They point to new directions in the ways we think of and treat disease, and promote wellness. The Santa Barbara Healing Sanctuary is the first restoration in 1,500 years of an ancient form of Western medicine—the potent concentration of the meaning response by way of dreaming. And the people who participate are benefitting.
D
Asklepian Dream Healing When Western medicine began, around 2,700 years ago, there were two equally important strands, woven together. On the one hand, there was what we now call conventional medicine, which included surgery, medication, diet, and exercise. On the other was a focus on profoundly meaningful experiences, such as healing rituals and dreaming. One of the greatest philosophers of all time, Plotinus, suggested that the ritual chant that goes with the medicine is as important as the medicine itself. The experience of meaning was taken as being a primary healing agent on the same level as physical medicine. Contemporary research confirms the importance of meaning formation. Medical anthropologist Daniel Moerman asserts that the term placebo effect is a contradiction in terms: we define a pill or a procedure to be inert, thus having no effect by definition, and then purport to study its effects. He therefore proposes the term meaning response. Patients respond with a healing response to the meaning perceived in the ritual of receiving drugs or having surgery, even if the pills and the procedures are by themselves inert. For this reason dreaming, potentially one of the most profound conveyors of meaning, was the one consistent feature in medicine all over Europe for more than a millennium. From approximately 1300 BCE to 500 CE, in Asklepian temples, physicians guided patients with seemingly in-
Matters of Note
Stephen Aizenstat, PhD
Santa Barbara Sanctuary
tractable health problems through intensive healing retreats. A wide range of therapies was invoked but the capstone of these efforts was incubation, a period during which a patient fasted, prayed, and slept in an enclosed chamber called an abaton, which literally means the “Inaccessible Place.” Through dreaming in the abaton, they would come in contact with forces otherwise inaccessible to their ordinary awareness. In an interview with Ed Tick, PhD, published in EXPLORE in 2004, he explained that, “Typically, the patient remained in the abaton until he or she received a dream or vision in which Asklepios or one of his helpers appeared. In Greece, the dream typically involved instantaneous healing by Asklepios. During the later Roman era, ‘the god’ who appeared during the dream most commonly prescribed an intervention or remedy, which the supplicant took in order to obtain healing over time.”
form of dreaming. During three nights, they sleep together in the abaton, where they access the hitherto inaccessible forces of healing. They do daily sessions of dream embodiment and dream tending, dream-based theater and movement, journal writing and art, as well as watsu (aquatic therapy) meditation, yoga, Chinese medicine, and personalized nutrition support. Throughout the treatment program and subsequent follow-up, the Santa Barbara Healing Sanctuary merges both conventional and integrative medicine modalities and the participant’s primary medical team is brought into the process.
Santa Barbara Healing Sanctuary Founded by Jungian psychoanalyst Robert Bosnak, PsyA, clinical psychologist Stephen Aizenstat, PhD, and a group of highly experienced physicians and clinicians, the recently-opened Santa Barbara Healing Sanctuary offers this ancient form of medicine to individuals suffering from serious medical conditions or those in recovery who simply want to maintain optimal health. The Sanctuary opened in 2011. For 10 days the Santa Barbara Healing Sanctuary participants (maximum of eight) focus all their activities on triggering this profound
Robert Bosnak, PsyA
EXPLORE November/December 2012, Vol. 8, No. 6 323
The results, according to Bosnak and Aizenstat, have been profound and remarkable—in some cases intractable illnesses have been ameliorated and, for those who came for the prevention of illness, a sense of robust health has returned. During the last session a powerful image of a wolf appeared to two participants during and after their sleep in the abaton. For one, a patient with MS, it helped her walk with more stability; for the other, a person with intractable pain whose wolf from a high escarpment was overlooking the valley ahead leading to the mountains in the distance, it meant seeing a profoundly new way into the future, which had felt hopeless. It is striking that dogs were seen to be sacred to the Physician God and certified case reports from Antiquity, unknown to these modern day Sanctuary participants, tell about dogs appearing in healing dreams. The Sanctuary is holding its next session in February in Santa Barbara. The team is also able to stage healing sanctuaries in other cities, if desired. At the onset of Western medicine, the word ‘physician’ pointed to a follower of the Great Physician whose invisible spirit found its home at his sanctuaries. There never was a conflict between what is now called conventional medicine and meaning-based medicine or integrative medicine. For more information, please contact the sanctuary at (877) 216-4610 or visit http://santabarbarahealingsanctuary.com.
Berman Receives Sir Alister Mcintyre Distinguished Lecture Award The University of the West Indies and University of Technology, Jamaica, presented Brian Berman, MD, with the Sir Alister McIntyre Distinguished Lecture Award. This award is given annually to honor a physician-researcher by the University Diabetes Outreach Programme (UDOP) of which the two Universities were founding members. The incidence of type 2 diabetes continues to accelerate, making it a growing public health problem. Left untreated, type 2 diabetes can lead to heart attack, stroke, renal failure, and other problems. At the
18th Annual International Diabetes Conference, University of Maryland Center for Integrative Medicine founder and director Brian Berman, MD, delivered the conference keynote address, discussing ways physicians can help their patients with type 2 diabetes by the use of integrative therapies and explaining how nutraceuticals, therapeutic diets, herbs and spices, exercise, and mind– body therapies can effectively treat and oftentimes prevent type 2 diabetes. University of Maryland School of Medicine Dean E. Albert Reece, MD, PhD, MBA, presented the award to Dr Berman. “Professor Berman has dedicated his career to evaluating the efficacy, safety and cost effectiveness of complementary and integrative medicine and is considered one of the pioneers in the field. He founded the Center for Integrative Medicine at the University of Maryland School of Medicine, the first program of its kind based at an academic-medical center,” said Reece. “Like other Sir Alister McIntyre Distinguished Lecture Award recipients, he is recognized nationally and internationally for his pioneering research and medical scholarship.”
Bushnell to Lead New Pain Program at NCCAM Catherine Bushnell, PhD, an internationally recognized pain and neuroscience researcher, has been appointed Scientific Director of a new research program focusing on the role of the brain in perceiving, modifying, and managing pain. Based in the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM), part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), this collaborative effort will complement basic science and clinical research efforts of other ongoing intramural neuroscience, imaging, and mental and behavioral health research programs. According to the Institute of Medicine, in the United States, more than 100 million people suffer from chronic pain conditions, and it is estimated to cost nearly $635 billion annually for treatment and lost productivity. Although tremendous progress has been made in drug treatment of acute pain, there are pressing needs for better understanding and treatments for chronic pain.
324 EXPLORE November/December 2012, Vol. 8, No. 6
“Dr Bushnell’s work has profoundly changed the ways in which we understand and study this very important problem,” said NCCAM Director Josephine P. Briggs, MD. “Under her leadership, this program will continue to work toward the development of better ways to safely and more effectively treat chronic pain, and advance research on the intersection and integration of pharmacological and nonpharmacological approaches.” Research projects will include investigating the role of the brain in pain processing and control, and how factors such as emotion, attention, environment, and genetics affect pain perception. The program will also explore how chronic pain produces changes in the brain that can modify how the brain reacts to pain medications like opioids. “Dr Bushnell is a pioneer in the field of pain research, and NIH is extremely fortunate to have her leading this research program,” said Michael Gottesman, Deputy Director for Intramural Research. “She and her team will add a novel and important component to NIH’s overall intramural neuroscience research community.” Dr Bushnell comes to NIH from McGill University in Montreal, where she was the Harold Griffith Professor of Anesthesia and professor in dentistry and neurology. Her research interests include brain mechanisms of pain processing, psychological modulation of pain, and brain changes in chronic pain patients. Recent research projects utilize brain imaging and psychophysical testing to study the neural basis of pain processing. “I am honored to have been selected to collaborate and work with one of the strongest neuroscience research programs in the world,” Dr Bushnell said. “I look forward to strengthening our understanding of the mechanisms and modulation of pain.” The program will be the focus of NCCAM’s Division of Intramural Research, located on the NIH campus in Bethesda, MD.
Dr. Helen Erickson Receives 2012 Holistic Nurse of the Year Award The American Holistic Nurses Association (AHNA) recently conferred its Holistic Nurse of the Year award to Helen Er-
Matters of Note
Helen Erickson
ickson, PhD, RN, at its 32nd annual conference. The award is presented annually to recognize outstanding achievement in the field of holistic nursing. “Dr Erickson’s work and life serve as exemplars for what it means to be a holistic nurse, both personally and professionally. Her holistic and comprehensive approach fulfils nursing’s commitment to clients and our role in society,” said AHNA President Glenda Christiaens, PhD, RN. “To be recognized for fulfilling one’s purpose in life and for doing that which gives one’s life meaning, is an incredible experience,” said Helen Erickson. “For me, the experience was enhanced because of those who came before me. To walk in their path is a humbling, spiritual experience that I shall cherish for ever.”
Award from the University of Texas at Austin, School of Nursing in 1990; inducted into the ADARA, Women’s Leadership Society at the University of Michigan in 1982; and in 1982 received the Sigma Theta Tau (Rho Chapter) Award for Excellence in Nursing. She is the immediate Past-Chair of the American Holistic Nurses Certification Corporation. Dr Erickson’s established the Society for the Advancement of Modeling and Role-Modeling to support and provide resources for furthering the work of holistic nurses. Early on she recognized the need “to integrate self-care, self-responsibility, spirituality, and reflection” in her life in order to be “an instrument of healing and a facilitator in the healing process.” In 1983, Dr Erickson coauthored Modeling and Role Modeling: A Theory and Paradigm for Nursing. She has edited and written chapters in Modeling and Role-Modeling: A View from the Client’s World (2006) and Exploring the Interface between the Philosophy and Discipline of Holistic Nursing: Modeling and Role-Modeling at Work (2010). In addition, Dr Erickson has published on states of coping, adaptation to stress, political aspects of compassionate care, modeling and role-modeling theory, holistic healing, philosophy and the theory of holism, and the importance of holistic nursing. She has also conducted more than 14 research projects, with much emphasis on self-care and physical wellbeing. Dr Erickson worked for several years in clinical practice prior to becoming a nurse educator. She taught holistic nursing at the University of Michigan, the University of South Carolina, and the University of Texas at Austin. She served in academic administrative positions at both the University of South Carolina and the University of Texas, and was awarded Professor Emeritus status at the University of Texas at Austin upon her retirement in 1997.
About Helen Erickson Dr Erickson started her nursing career after graduating from the Saginaw General Hospital School of Nursing with a diploma in 1957. She went on to obtain her BSN in 1974, her MS in nursing in 1976, and her PhD in educational psychology in 1984, all from the University of Michigan. Dr Erickson was inducted into the American Academy of Nursing as a fellow in 1996; awarded the Faculty Teaching
Matters of Note
Bastyr Opens Second Campus In September 2012 Bastyr University opened its second campus — Bastyr University, California. The school, which is located at 4106 Sorrento Valley Boulevard in San Diego, is California’s first and only accredited school of naturopathic medicine. Seattle-based Bastyr University chose San Diego as the location of its second
Bastyr California campus campus after carefully considering the interest from potential students and patients, partnership opportunities with the region’s health research institutions, a projected primary care shortage in California, and support from the state’s natural health leaders. The San Diego campus will offer the Doctor of Naturopathic Medicine (ND) program, with additional degree programs coming in later years. Bastyr University President Daniel K. Church, PhD, named Moira Fitzpatrick, PhD, ND, as Bastyr University, California’s first vice president. She will serve as both chief administrative and academic officer. “I am honored and excited to lead and be a part of the team at Bastyr University, California,” said Dr Fitzpatrick. “I stand on the shoulders of Dr Bastyr, the founders of Bastyr University and my teachers, and know that education is the way to not only keep natural medicine alive but also to nourish and support its continual evolution.” Dr Fitzpatrick has a BA in developmental psychology from UC, Davis, an MA and PhD in clinical psychology from California School of Professional Psychology and a Doctor of Naturopathic Medicine degree from Bastyr University. Bastyr University, located near Seattle, Washington, is the largest accredited university for natural health arts and sciences in the US, offering more than 17 degree and certificate programs in fields such as naturopathic medicine, acupuncture and Oriental medicine, and whole-food nutrition. For more information please go to: http://www.bastyr.edu. Matters of Note is written and compiled by Bonnie J. Horrigan, editorial director for EXPLORE and author of Voices in Integrative Medicine: Conversations and Encounters (Elsevier 2003).
EXPLORE November/December 2012, Vol. 8, No. 6 325