Measurement of electrical resistance in ionically conducting ceramics

Materials Chemistry and Physics, IS

EXTENDED

(1986) 347-348

347

ABSTRACT

MEASUREMENT

OF ELECTRICAL

RESISTANCE

IN IONICALLY CONDUCTING CERAMICS

M. KLEITZ and E.J.L. SCHOULER Laboratoire d'Ionique et d'Electrochimie 38402 Saint-Martin-d'Heres (France)

du Solide,

E.N.S.E.E.G.,

B.P. 75,

H. BERNARD Commissariat a 1'Energie Atomique, C.E.N. 13115 Saint Paul-lez-Durance (France)

Essentially, resistance because of :

measurements

Cadarache,

B.P. 1,

on ionic conductors

- spacecharge polarization at the electrodes, - dipolar polarization of the material, - electrode polarizations associated with local chemical - other electrode polarizations. Impedance to separate

spectroscopy

ionic resistance

of possible

regarded

as a reference

Its principle

blocking

ments,

frequency.

and the experimental

associated

errors

the‘reference

factors,

The basic diagram

0254-0584/86/$3.50

with

limitations imperfect

chemical

can be partly

resistance'and

Tests to assign the various geometrical

the

It will be

procedures

in the impedance

or totally

of a data treatment

at high

eliminated

by appropria-

measurements.'

include the influence

and the amplitude

program

frequency

of the equip-

observed

with'intelligent

parts of the diagrams parameters

are detailed.

input circuits

on the resultingCinductance'components

The relevant

tely selecting

the true

it also permits

at the grain boundaries.

is drawn to the experimental

especially

materials,

technique

measure

technique.

is described

plane and on artefacts

and to accurately

With sintered

effects

alterations,

to be the most reliable

contributions

of the sample.

analysis

Attention

Cl,23 has proved

out these possible

can be complicated

of

of the signal.

will be given.

0 Elsevier Sequoia/Printed

in The Netherlands

348

To illustrate grain boundary ambiguity

the capabilities

effects

of the conductivity

terms of an additional proper blocking

of a fraction

which

cells or four-electrode used when the samples

d.c. methods stressed suffer

can be described

of

the either

interphase

used are either based on

two-i

cells. The Van der Pauw measurements

and measurements

in

or as a

ions.

are small and of complicated

It is not specific

that with 4 electrodes

investigation It stresses

shapes

C31 are

(but with

to ionic conductors.

at

a fixed frequency

are examined.

under d.c. bias, the voltage probes

It is

can also

a polarization.

The current ponding

concept which

are commonly

electrode

a detailed

is reported.

located at the intragrain

of the mobile

sometimes

bases).

zirconia

blocking

resistance

The other techniques

parallel

of the method

in stabilized

interruption

impedance

diagrams.

are well separated.

technique

is analyzed with respect to the corres-

It is feasable

i.e. with relaxation -

only when the relevant

frequencies

differing

semicircles

by at least

factor of 1000.

Various

non-standard

- a non-homogeneous

shapes, the composite - alteration reactions

sources

include

of the current

nature of the material

:

lines due to complicated

or non-uniform

electrodes;

of the sample doping by the applied polarization

of the dopant

- induction

of errors

distribution

ions, injection

of an additional

electronic

of dopants

(redox

. ..).

conductivity.

REFERENCES 1

J.E.

2

M. Kleitz, H. Bernard, E. Fernandez and E.J.L. Schouler L.W. Hobbs (eds.), Advances in Ceramics Vol. 3, Science Zirconia, The American Ceramic Society (1981) p. 310.

Bauerle,

J. Phys. Solids,

30 (1969) 2657.

3

H. Van der Pauw, Philips

Res. Repts.,13

(1958) 1.

in A.M. Heuer and and Technology of

a