- Email: [email protected]
Mechanisms of drought and salt stress tolerance in plants
Abstracts / Journal of Biotechnology 256S (2017) S5–S16
by the presence of a redox label, radical TEMPO (TEMPO• ), on the formulated nanoparticles. Meanwhile, another technology, StackPadTM is a novel patent-pending approach on stacked membranes technology. The sample is added onto the bottom-most layer and the analyte flows upward where a specific HRP-tagged antibody is sitting. Through the upward immunocomplex migration and reaction with TMB substrate in the last layer, a measurable optical signal is produced. Overall, the development of ELLITM prototype is a promising start as a rapid, affordable, and sensitive quantitative point-of-care diagnostics technology with no enzyme, whilst StackPadTM serves as a multiplexing platform for its scalable design in a considerably low production cost. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2017.06.022 Mechanisms of drought and salt stress tolerance in plants Monica Boscaiu 1 , Oscar Vicente 2,∗
S7
potential benefits across biomedicine and the life sciences. From the rapidly expanding growth in genome editing using CRISPR, ZFNs and TALENS tools, leading to numerous applications from non-viable human embryos to agriculture, e.g. mushrooms, this disruptive technology shows every sign of revolutionising biotechnology. Synthetic biology is making major advances and is likely to lead to novel bioprocesses and products, as well as providing new insights into growth, development and the ‘minimal organism’. The emergence of Three-Parent Baby births may one day influence human evolution, through genetic and metabolic load effects. Other key developments include the use and availability of personalised and consumer-led exome, microbiome and genome information, converging with artificial intelligence techniques, and the emergence of single cell technologies to monitor and control gene expression. These developments will impact on business biotechnology and lead to changes in the structure of the biotechnology industry. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2017.06.024
1
Mediterranean Agroforestal Institute (IAM, UPV), Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain 2 Institute of Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology (IBMCP, UPV-CSIC), Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain E-mail address: [email protected] (O. Vicente). Drought and salinity are the environmental factors causing the largest reductions in crop yields worldwide. The study of abiotic stress tolerance mechanisms is one of the most active areas in plant biology research, since a deep knowledge of these mechanisms will be required to improve the tolerance of our crops. Under drought or salinity conditions, all plants – regardless of their tolerance level – activate the same basic responses, including the control of ion transport, the accumulation of specific osmolytes, or the activation of antioxidant systems. However, the relevance of a particular response and the relative contribution of different responses to the stress tolerance of a given species, remain largely unknown. We have carried out comparative studies on the responses to drought and salinity in different taxa, genetically related but with different tolerance levels, including several Phaseolus cultivars and wild Plantago and Juncus species. The correlation of stress-induced changes in the contents of biochemical markers associated with specific responses with the relative resistance to stress of the investigated taxa within each genus, should help to identify the most efficient mechanisms of stress tolerance. Some results of such analyses will be presented to support the usefulness of this experimental approach. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2017.06.023 Developments in biotechnology Kevan M.A. Gartland 1 , Munis Dundar 2,∗ , Tommaso Beccari 3 , Mariapia Viola Magni 4 1 Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom 2 Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Italy 3 Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy 4 Fondazione Puccinelli, Perugia, Italy
E-mail address: [email protected] (M, Dundar). Recent developments throughout biotechnology are demonstrating how technology is beginning to converge, providing multiple
Chloroplasts as chemotherapeutical targets Juraj Krajcovic Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of SS Cyril & Methodius, Trnava, Slovakia E-mail address: [email protected]. Chloroplasts arose through the symbiotic integration of two organisms, a eukaryotic host and a free-living photosynthetic prokaryote – a cyanobacterium, in a process termed primary endosymbiosis. The plastids of both red algae and green algae were subsequently transferred to other lineages by secondary endosymbiosis creating additional autotrophic eukaryotic microorganisms. Some of them have subsequently reverted to heterotrophic lifestyles, becoming significant pathogens. The evolution of an endosymbiont into a plastid has been associated with a loss of the host cell function resulting in cell viability being dependent upon a functional plastid. A reduced but functional plastid genome is retained in nonphotosynthetic residual plastids in several parasitic protists. The plastid’s own machineries, being cyanobacterial in origin, offer conventional targets for antibacterial drugs inhibiting plastid functions. Plastids of the photosynthetic flagellate Euglena gracilis are sensitive to various chemical agents. These induce irreversible loss of chloroplasts and depletion of chloroplast DNA in a process called bleaching. Identification of bleaching agents has taken on additional significance with the discovery of a residual plastid genome within the apicoplast of parasites of the phylum Apicomplexa. Metabolic pathways in the plastids of apicomplexan parasites make this organelle a promising parasite-specific target for therapeutic agents and for drug development. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2017.06.025
by the presence of a redox label, radical TEMPO (TEMPO• ), on the formulated nanoparticles. Meanwhile, another technology, StackPadTM is a novel patent-pending approach on stacked membranes technology. The sample is added onto the bottom-most layer and the analyte flows upward where a specific HRP-tagged antibody is sitting. Through the upward immunocomplex migration and reaction with TMB substrate in the last layer, a measurable optical signal is produced. Overall, the development of ELLITM prototype is a promising start as a rapid, affordable, and sensitive quantitative point-of-care diagnostics technology with no enzyme, whilst StackPadTM serves as a multiplexing platform for its scalable design in a considerably low production cost. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2017.06.022 Mechanisms of drought and salt stress tolerance in plants Monica Boscaiu 1 , Oscar Vicente 2,∗
S7
potential benefits across biomedicine and the life sciences. From the rapidly expanding growth in genome editing using CRISPR, ZFNs and TALENS tools, leading to numerous applications from non-viable human embryos to agriculture, e.g. mushrooms, this disruptive technology shows every sign of revolutionising biotechnology. Synthetic biology is making major advances and is likely to lead to novel bioprocesses and products, as well as providing new insights into growth, development and the ‘minimal organism’. The emergence of Three-Parent Baby births may one day influence human evolution, through genetic and metabolic load effects. Other key developments include the use and availability of personalised and consumer-led exome, microbiome and genome information, converging with artificial intelligence techniques, and the emergence of single cell technologies to monitor and control gene expression. These developments will impact on business biotechnology and lead to changes in the structure of the biotechnology industry. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2017.06.024
1
Mediterranean Agroforestal Institute (IAM, UPV), Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain 2 Institute of Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology (IBMCP, UPV-CSIC), Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain E-mail address: [email protected] (O. Vicente). Drought and salinity are the environmental factors causing the largest reductions in crop yields worldwide. The study of abiotic stress tolerance mechanisms is one of the most active areas in plant biology research, since a deep knowledge of these mechanisms will be required to improve the tolerance of our crops. Under drought or salinity conditions, all plants – regardless of their tolerance level – activate the same basic responses, including the control of ion transport, the accumulation of specific osmolytes, or the activation of antioxidant systems. However, the relevance of a particular response and the relative contribution of different responses to the stress tolerance of a given species, remain largely unknown. We have carried out comparative studies on the responses to drought and salinity in different taxa, genetically related but with different tolerance levels, including several Phaseolus cultivars and wild Plantago and Juncus species. The correlation of stress-induced changes in the contents of biochemical markers associated with specific responses with the relative resistance to stress of the investigated taxa within each genus, should help to identify the most efficient mechanisms of stress tolerance. Some results of such analyses will be presented to support the usefulness of this experimental approach. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2017.06.023 Developments in biotechnology Kevan M.A. Gartland 1 , Munis Dundar 2,∗ , Tommaso Beccari 3 , Mariapia Viola Magni 4 1 Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom 2 Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Italy 3 Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy 4 Fondazione Puccinelli, Perugia, Italy
E-mail address: [email protected] (M, Dundar). Recent developments throughout biotechnology are demonstrating how technology is beginning to converge, providing multiple
Chloroplasts as chemotherapeutical targets Juraj Krajcovic Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of SS Cyril & Methodius, Trnava, Slovakia E-mail address: [email protected]. Chloroplasts arose through the symbiotic integration of two organisms, a eukaryotic host and a free-living photosynthetic prokaryote – a cyanobacterium, in a process termed primary endosymbiosis. The plastids of both red algae and green algae were subsequently transferred to other lineages by secondary endosymbiosis creating additional autotrophic eukaryotic microorganisms. Some of them have subsequently reverted to heterotrophic lifestyles, becoming significant pathogens. The evolution of an endosymbiont into a plastid has been associated with a loss of the host cell function resulting in cell viability being dependent upon a functional plastid. A reduced but functional plastid genome is retained in nonphotosynthetic residual plastids in several parasitic protists. The plastid’s own machineries, being cyanobacterial in origin, offer conventional targets for antibacterial drugs inhibiting plastid functions. Plastids of the photosynthetic flagellate Euglena gracilis are sensitive to various chemical agents. These induce irreversible loss of chloroplasts and depletion of chloroplast DNA in a process called bleaching. Identification of bleaching agents has taken on additional significance with the discovery of a residual plastid genome within the apicoplast of parasites of the phylum Apicomplexa. Metabolic pathways in the plastids of apicomplexan parasites make this organelle a promising parasite-specific target for therapeutic agents and for drug development. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2017.06.025