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Mechanisms of psychocorrection of threatened abortion
Posters session 3 / International Journal of Psychophysiology 69 (2008) 276–316
healthy children. There were minimum venous abnormalities in case of generalized rare paroxysm. However, during frequent focal paroxysm and West syndrome venous blood flow exceed normal condition in 3–5 times and it was asymmetric in basal veins of Rosenthal in 56% of cases. Venous abnormalities of children with epileptiform electroencephalographic activity (without clinical manifestation of epilepsy syndrome) moderately were higher than normal condition. So, we can say about great importance of venous stagnation for maintenance of high threshold of epilepsy activity of brain and we have to consider this fact for treatment of such kind of patients.
291
Psychocorrectional work leads to the prolongation of pregnancy, stabilization of progesterone, estriol, HGT level, decrease of uterus tonus and psychoemotional strain and rovement of sleep. doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2008.05.270
The effect of age on meta-cognition K. Yalcin a, S. Karakas b Ministry of Justice General Directorate of Prisons and Detention Houses, R&D Department, Ankara, Turkey b Hacettepe University, Specialization Area of Experimental Psychology and Cognitive Psychophysiology Research Unit, Ankara, Turkey a
doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2008.05.269
Mechanisms of psychocorrection of threatened abortion T.N. Hodarevskaya a, L.I. Gubareva b, V.V. Posokhina c a Regional Clinic Perinatal Centre, Gynecological Department No. 2, Stavropol, Russia b State University, Department of Psychophysiology, Stavropol, Russia c The Regional Clinical Advisory–Diagnostic Center, Center of Planning Family and Reproduction, Stavropol, Russia Modern strategy and methodology of medical treatment of patients with threat pregnancy breaking off includes intensive pharmacotherapy, severe and long, limitation of physical efforts during all pregnancy. Such approach does not include the estimation of psychological status of women and psychotherapeutic measures. These methods cannot be considered as physiological one and their efficiency can satisfy neither doctors nor patients. That is why it seemed important to hide effective methods of habitual pregnancy interruption psychocorrection and to investigate the mechanisms of such effects. Research has been conducted in the gynecological department No. 2 of the Regional clinic perinatal centre. 216 women aged from 19 to 40 years old with pregnancy date from 6 to 38 weeks were examined. Two groups of patients with a diagnosis of “Threatened abortion” took part in the research. In the first experimental group, psychotherapeutic measures not carry out. With patients of the second group, correctional work was spent. Women with normal currency of pregnancy were included in control group. Psychocorrectional work was carried out in individual classes with each woman. Such methods as psychoanalytic consultation, somaticfocused psychotherapy, art-therapy, methods of psychic autoregulation, imagotherapy, and family therapy were included in the program. Immunoferment analysis of blood level of estriol, progesterone, human chorionic gonadotpropine (HGT) was made. Psychological testing included several methods: clinical questionnaire for estimation of neurotic status (K.Yahin, D. Mendelevich, 1978), level of pregnancy dominanta formation (Philippova G.G., 2002), level of uneasiness (LU) according to Spielberger Ch. D. Results of this investigation showed differences in the hormonal status: women in the experimental group had estriol level 1, 4 times below than the control group (p b 0.05), progesterone — 1, 5 times (p b 0.01), HGT — 1, 7 times (p b 0.01). Hormonal disturbances correlated with changes in the psychoemotional status, such as an increase of common, personal and situational uneasiness, obsessivephobic and vegetative disorder. Immaturity or significant delay of pregnancy dominanta formation was revealed at women with threat of abortion. Thus, functional disturbances of feminine generative system are determined as disorder in psychic status. Therefore, they lead to the disorder in formation of pregnancy dominanta and to threat of abortion. High efficiency of psychocorrection was revealed. Psychocorrectional measures directed against phobias, false installation, on the formation of realized acceptance of maternity role, on the decrease of uneasiness and easing of neuropsychological stress were shown.
The cognitive system should protect schemas and sets, when necessary, it should change and organize them, reproduce and protect them against interference; it should scan memory, work on memory traces; choose and utilize effective cognitive strategies; should be capable of making goal-directed plans. The systems that provide these pertain to executive functions and to meta-cognition. The characteristics given for the formal operations stage in Piaget's Theory on Cognitive Development resemble the executive functions and meta-cognitive features. The aim of the present study was to investigate age-related changes on executive functions and meta-cognition. The sample included 80 healthy children (39 girls, 41 boys) in the age range of 8–14 years (90–172 months). Participants were distributed over Grades 2 to 8 of the elementary school. Executive functions were assessed using the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), Stroop Test TBAG Form (STP) and Raven Standard Progressive Matrices (RSPM) (assessing working memory, resistance to inhibition, reasoning and problem solving, respectively). Assessment of metacognition was based on the performance on the Word List Task; the scores included evaluation of the accuracy of knowledge (retrospective meta-memory) and feeling of knowing (prospective memory). A criterion test was used for assessing the accuracy of actual performance. Logical Thinking Test (LTT) was used for assessing the Piagetian developmental stage of participants. Principal component analysis was performed on 66 test scores. The factor structure for the older children (11–14 years of age) resembled that reported in the literature for adults (explained variance: 62.56%). Multivariate analysis of variance showed a significant effect of age. This effect was obtained for scores on STP (with age, time to complete decreased in all five subtests), RSPM (with age, total scores of subtests increased and time to complete the subtests decreased), and LTT (scores increased with age). Accordingly, the capacity pertaining to executive functions (as measured by STP and RSPM) increased with age, and this development was in line with Piaget's stages of cognitive development. Age did not affect meta-cognition, and no relation was observed between these scores and the scores on cognitive development. These findings may indicate that the tasks that the present study used for measuring metacognition were not appropriately chosen. An alternative explanation may be that meta-cognitive abilities do not change in the studied age range and there is more to cognitive development than the formal operations stage. doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2008.05.271
Positive and negative subgroups of schizopherenia are differentiated by meta-memory processes M. Keighobadi a, C. Kisa a, E. Goka a, S. Karakas b a Ankara Numune Education and Research Hospital, Psychiatry Clinic, Ankara, Turkey b Hacettepe University, Specialization Area of Experimental Psychology and Cognitive Psychophysiology Research Unit, Ankara, Turkey
healthy children. There were minimum venous abnormalities in case of generalized rare paroxysm. However, during frequent focal paroxysm and West syndrome venous blood flow exceed normal condition in 3–5 times and it was asymmetric in basal veins of Rosenthal in 56% of cases. Venous abnormalities of children with epileptiform electroencephalographic activity (without clinical manifestation of epilepsy syndrome) moderately were higher than normal condition. So, we can say about great importance of venous stagnation for maintenance of high threshold of epilepsy activity of brain and we have to consider this fact for treatment of such kind of patients.
291
Psychocorrectional work leads to the prolongation of pregnancy, stabilization of progesterone, estriol, HGT level, decrease of uterus tonus and psychoemotional strain and rovement of sleep. doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2008.05.270
The effect of age on meta-cognition K. Yalcin a, S. Karakas b Ministry of Justice General Directorate of Prisons and Detention Houses, R&D Department, Ankara, Turkey b Hacettepe University, Specialization Area of Experimental Psychology and Cognitive Psychophysiology Research Unit, Ankara, Turkey a
doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2008.05.269
Mechanisms of psychocorrection of threatened abortion T.N. Hodarevskaya a, L.I. Gubareva b, V.V. Posokhina c a Regional Clinic Perinatal Centre, Gynecological Department No. 2, Stavropol, Russia b State University, Department of Psychophysiology, Stavropol, Russia c The Regional Clinical Advisory–Diagnostic Center, Center of Planning Family and Reproduction, Stavropol, Russia Modern strategy and methodology of medical treatment of patients with threat pregnancy breaking off includes intensive pharmacotherapy, severe and long, limitation of physical efforts during all pregnancy. Such approach does not include the estimation of psychological status of women and psychotherapeutic measures. These methods cannot be considered as physiological one and their efficiency can satisfy neither doctors nor patients. That is why it seemed important to hide effective methods of habitual pregnancy interruption psychocorrection and to investigate the mechanisms of such effects. Research has been conducted in the gynecological department No. 2 of the Regional clinic perinatal centre. 216 women aged from 19 to 40 years old with pregnancy date from 6 to 38 weeks were examined. Two groups of patients with a diagnosis of “Threatened abortion” took part in the research. In the first experimental group, psychotherapeutic measures not carry out. With patients of the second group, correctional work was spent. Women with normal currency of pregnancy were included in control group. Psychocorrectional work was carried out in individual classes with each woman. Such methods as psychoanalytic consultation, somaticfocused psychotherapy, art-therapy, methods of psychic autoregulation, imagotherapy, and family therapy were included in the program. Immunoferment analysis of blood level of estriol, progesterone, human chorionic gonadotpropine (HGT) was made. Psychological testing included several methods: clinical questionnaire for estimation of neurotic status (K.Yahin, D. Mendelevich, 1978), level of pregnancy dominanta formation (Philippova G.G., 2002), level of uneasiness (LU) according to Spielberger Ch. D. Results of this investigation showed differences in the hormonal status: women in the experimental group had estriol level 1, 4 times below than the control group (p b 0.05), progesterone — 1, 5 times (p b 0.01), HGT — 1, 7 times (p b 0.01). Hormonal disturbances correlated with changes in the psychoemotional status, such as an increase of common, personal and situational uneasiness, obsessivephobic and vegetative disorder. Immaturity or significant delay of pregnancy dominanta formation was revealed at women with threat of abortion. Thus, functional disturbances of feminine generative system are determined as disorder in psychic status. Therefore, they lead to the disorder in formation of pregnancy dominanta and to threat of abortion. High efficiency of psychocorrection was revealed. Psychocorrectional measures directed against phobias, false installation, on the formation of realized acceptance of maternity role, on the decrease of uneasiness and easing of neuropsychological stress were shown.
The cognitive system should protect schemas and sets, when necessary, it should change and organize them, reproduce and protect them against interference; it should scan memory, work on memory traces; choose and utilize effective cognitive strategies; should be capable of making goal-directed plans. The systems that provide these pertain to executive functions and to meta-cognition. The characteristics given for the formal operations stage in Piaget's Theory on Cognitive Development resemble the executive functions and meta-cognitive features. The aim of the present study was to investigate age-related changes on executive functions and meta-cognition. The sample included 80 healthy children (39 girls, 41 boys) in the age range of 8–14 years (90–172 months). Participants were distributed over Grades 2 to 8 of the elementary school. Executive functions were assessed using the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), Stroop Test TBAG Form (STP) and Raven Standard Progressive Matrices (RSPM) (assessing working memory, resistance to inhibition, reasoning and problem solving, respectively). Assessment of metacognition was based on the performance on the Word List Task; the scores included evaluation of the accuracy of knowledge (retrospective meta-memory) and feeling of knowing (prospective memory). A criterion test was used for assessing the accuracy of actual performance. Logical Thinking Test (LTT) was used for assessing the Piagetian developmental stage of participants. Principal component analysis was performed on 66 test scores. The factor structure for the older children (11–14 years of age) resembled that reported in the literature for adults (explained variance: 62.56%). Multivariate analysis of variance showed a significant effect of age. This effect was obtained for scores on STP (with age, time to complete decreased in all five subtests), RSPM (with age, total scores of subtests increased and time to complete the subtests decreased), and LTT (scores increased with age). Accordingly, the capacity pertaining to executive functions (as measured by STP and RSPM) increased with age, and this development was in line with Piaget's stages of cognitive development. Age did not affect meta-cognition, and no relation was observed between these scores and the scores on cognitive development. These findings may indicate that the tasks that the present study used for measuring metacognition were not appropriately chosen. An alternative explanation may be that meta-cognitive abilities do not change in the studied age range and there is more to cognitive development than the formal operations stage. doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2008.05.271
Positive and negative subgroups of schizopherenia are differentiated by meta-memory processes M. Keighobadi a, C. Kisa a, E. Goka a, S. Karakas b a Ankara Numune Education and Research Hospital, Psychiatry Clinic, Ankara, Turkey b Hacettepe University, Specialization Area of Experimental Psychology and Cognitive Psychophysiology Research Unit, Ankara, Turkey