- Email: [email protected]
Mechanisms of pulmonary injury
Airborne infections
Measles
Droplet nuclei Lung
Antigen inhalation Respiratory diseases Hypersensitivity pneumonitis Alveolitis
Emphysema
Chronic bronchitis
Airways/obstruction Alveolar hypoventilation
Airways obstruction occurs as a result of (1) exudate in the lumen of the small bronchi and bronchioles, (2) high viscosity of the exudate, (3) interference with mucosal ciliary action, and (4) peribronchiolar fibrosis. Cigarette smoking is an important factor in the etiology of hypersecretory states. When present in emphysema, airways obstruction is associated with bronchiolar plugging by exudate and peribronchiolar fibrosis. These two processes contribute to the alveolar hypoventilation which may result in car pulmonale.
Cigarette smoking
These investigators consider the basis of some of the recognized mechanisms of lung injury both in man and the experimental animal. Three general areas are considered: (1) proteolytic mechanisms leading to lung connective tissue destruction in experimental preparations and in emphysema in man, (2) reactions of peripheral lung units to certain chemical toxins, and (3) the neutrophil as an agent of injury in a number of pathogenetic mechanisms effecting the lung.
Kinins
Dunnill MS: Contribution of morphology to the study of chronic obstructive lung disease. Am J Med 57: 506-519, 1974.
AlphaP-antitrypsin
Lung tissue structure/function
Chemical toxins
Turin0 GM, Rodriguez JR, Greenbaum LM, Mandl I: Mechanisms of pulmonary injury. Am J Med 57: 000-000, 1974.
Emphysema
Lung disease
Schlueter DP: Response of the lung to inhaled antigens. Am J Med 57: 476-492, 1974.
Asthma
Pulmonary injury
Influenza
The lung serves as the main route by which extrinsic antigens gain access to the body. Reviewed here are the various types of immunologic reactions and the antigenic agents that have been implicated in producing a wide spectrum of respiratory diseases. Two major types of response to inhaled antigens are discussed, namely, asthma and hypersensitivity pneumonitis (extrinsic alveolitis). Inhaled antigens include organic dusts, molds, chemicals and metal salts. Clinical and physiologic response patterns are emphasized to aid in early recognition of these diseases. At this stage, the majority of patients will recover merely by avoiding exposure to the offending antigen.
1974.
Tuberculosis
Respiratory pathogens
This author discusses the implications of the droplet nucleus hypothesis, presents a mathematical model of transmission based on the ability of droplet nuclei to disperse throughout the air of a room, assesses the current status of efforts toward environmental control of airborne infection and outlines the principles of ultraviolet air disinfection.
Riley RL: Airborne infection. Am J Med 57: 466-475,
Ultraviolet air disinfection
Measles
Droplet nuclei Lung
Antigen inhalation Respiratory diseases Hypersensitivity pneumonitis Alveolitis
Emphysema
Chronic bronchitis
Airways/obstruction Alveolar hypoventilation
Airways obstruction occurs as a result of (1) exudate in the lumen of the small bronchi and bronchioles, (2) high viscosity of the exudate, (3) interference with mucosal ciliary action, and (4) peribronchiolar fibrosis. Cigarette smoking is an important factor in the etiology of hypersecretory states. When present in emphysema, airways obstruction is associated with bronchiolar plugging by exudate and peribronchiolar fibrosis. These two processes contribute to the alveolar hypoventilation which may result in car pulmonale.
Cigarette smoking
These investigators consider the basis of some of the recognized mechanisms of lung injury both in man and the experimental animal. Three general areas are considered: (1) proteolytic mechanisms leading to lung connective tissue destruction in experimental preparations and in emphysema in man, (2) reactions of peripheral lung units to certain chemical toxins, and (3) the neutrophil as an agent of injury in a number of pathogenetic mechanisms effecting the lung.
Kinins
Dunnill MS: Contribution of morphology to the study of chronic obstructive lung disease. Am J Med 57: 506-519, 1974.
AlphaP-antitrypsin
Lung tissue structure/function
Chemical toxins
Turin0 GM, Rodriguez JR, Greenbaum LM, Mandl I: Mechanisms of pulmonary injury. Am J Med 57: 000-000, 1974.
Emphysema
Lung disease
Schlueter DP: Response of the lung to inhaled antigens. Am J Med 57: 476-492, 1974.
Asthma
Pulmonary injury
Influenza
The lung serves as the main route by which extrinsic antigens gain access to the body. Reviewed here are the various types of immunologic reactions and the antigenic agents that have been implicated in producing a wide spectrum of respiratory diseases. Two major types of response to inhaled antigens are discussed, namely, asthma and hypersensitivity pneumonitis (extrinsic alveolitis). Inhaled antigens include organic dusts, molds, chemicals and metal salts. Clinical and physiologic response patterns are emphasized to aid in early recognition of these diseases. At this stage, the majority of patients will recover merely by avoiding exposure to the offending antigen.
1974.
Tuberculosis
Respiratory pathogens
This author discusses the implications of the droplet nucleus hypothesis, presents a mathematical model of transmission based on the ability of droplet nuclei to disperse throughout the air of a room, assesses the current status of efforts toward environmental control of airborne infection and outlines the principles of ultraviolet air disinfection.
Riley RL: Airborne infection. Am J Med 57: 466-475,
Ultraviolet air disinfection