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MEDICAL OFFICERS OF SCHOOLS ASSOCIATION.
927 MEDICAL OFFICERS OF SCHOOLS ASSOCIATION.
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
by drinking the .Zlfilk of Diseased Cows. A MEETING of this Society was held on Wednesday April 14th, Dr. Dickson, President, in the chair. " Dr. JAMES CAMBBON read a paper entitled, Observations on a certain Malady occurring among Cows at a time when the Milk produced by them disseminated Scarlet Fever," of which the following is an abstract. The author began by stating that he proposed to lay before the Society a short description of a cow disease which had been the subject of investigation by Mr. W. H. Power,’Dr. Klein, and himself during a recent inquiry into an outbreak of scarlet fever which occurred in certain districts in London and in Hendon amongst consumers of milk derived from a dairy farm situated within his sanitary district. It was not his intention to discuss the circumstantial evidence which led to the discovery of this disease amongst the cows, or which proved its connexion with the milk. These were respectively in the hands of Mr. Power and Dr. Klein. The disease is certainly not a new one; it has been known to some farmers and cowkeepers, at any rate, as a catching malady under the designation of sore teats, blistered teats, and the like; but it has never hitherto been recognised or described as a specific contagious disease amongst cows, or considered to have any concern with the causation of scarlet fever in the human subject, and has commonly been regarded as a malady of little importance. After giving an account of the farm, and speaking favourably of its sanitary condition, the author stated that the disease first appeared in some newly purchased cows, which had arrived about a fortnight before the first cases of scarlet fever occurred among consumers of the milk. It was subsequently ascertained that one of these cows, which was the first sufferer, introduced the disease into the herd, the malady spreading from shed to shed until the whole herd of 100 cows, with very few exceptions, was attacked; while, coincidently with the spread of the disease among the cows and into the various sheds, scarlet fever made its appearance, and continued to prevail among the consumers of the milk procured from these sheds. Dr. Cameron described the disease generally as a specific contagious disease, occurring usually in the first instance amongst newly calved cows, and capable of being communicated to healthy cows by direct inoculation of the teats with virus conveyed by the hands of the cowman. The disease may continue from four to six weeks, and is characterised by general constitutional disturbance, a short initiatory fever, a dry hacking cough, sometimes quickened breathing, sore-throat in severe cases, discharges from the nostrils and eyes, an eruption on the skin round the eyes and hind quarters, vesicles on the teats and udder, alteration in the quality of the milk secretion, and well-marked visceral lesions. The author then proceeded to discuss the symptoms n detail, and,referring to the eruption on the teats and udder, stated that from five to seven days after the commencement of the illness one or more teats became much swollen, and vesicles or bullae shortly make their appearance vesicles are usually rubbed and broken upon them. Thesesores with raised ulcerated-looking edges; inmilking,leaving at thisperiod the disease appears to be easily conveyed to other cows. Shortly after the vesicle has been broken a brown i, scab forms upon the sore, and this may remain from ten days or a fortnight to five or six weeks, a thin discharge escaping from beneath it until the sore is healed. There is a tendency for the milk to become ropy during the illness, but this is not always present, and as a rule this condition is not apparent until the milk has stood for five or six hours; hence the milk from this farm was distributed before this peculiarity had had time to show ’i, itself. After describing the differences between cow-pox ’, and the disease in question, Dr. Cameron urged the necessity for the examination of cows and for the removal of all suspected animals from the milk business, and he expressed the hope that the Government would see fit before long to institute some means of more effectually protecting the general public against the recurrence of these disastrous outbreaks of disease which are due to milk.-In the discussion which followed, the President, Drs. Murray, Pringle, Hicks, and Saunders, and Messrs. Barham, Smee, and Shirley Murphy took part. Dissemination of Scarlet Fever
I
THE second annual general meeting of the Medical Officers of Schools Association was held at the rooms of the Medical Society, Chandos-street, on Thursday, May 6th. The chair was taken by the President, Dr. Fuller; and, the minutes of the last meeting having been read and confirmed, the report of the Council was presented, and adopted on the motion of Dr. Alder Smith, seconded by Dr. Brett. The report alluded to the resignation of Dr. Diver, which had been accepted by the Council. Dr. Fletcher’s paper on the Management of Athletics in Public Schools had been published by Mr. Lewis, and copies had been sent to each member of the Association and to the head masters of the public schools. Sir Andrew Clark, Bart., consulting physician to the East London Hospital for Children, and William Scovell Savory, Esq., F.R.S., surgeon to Christ’s Hcspital, had been elected members of the Association by the Council on Feb. 10th. The following gentlemen were then elected members of the Association :-Dr. Batterbury, medical officer to the Berkhampstead Grammar School; Dr. Hetherington, medical officer to the Ipswich Grammar School; Surgeon-Major Pratt, medical officer to the Royal Military Asylum, Chelsea; Dr. Edward Penny, medical officer to Marlborough College; Howard Marsh, Esq., senior surgeon to the Children’s Hospital, Great Ormond-street; and F. W. Salzmann, Esq., medical officer to St. Mary’s Hall School for Daughters of Clergymen, Brighton. Dr. George Buchanan, medical officer of the Local Government Board, was elected as an honorary member. The audited accounts, which exhibited a satisfactory balance in the hands of the Treasurer, were then presented and
adopted.
The following gentlemen were elected as officers for the year 1886-7:-President: W. S. Savory, Esq., F.R.S. VicePresidents : Sir Andrew Clark, Bart.; Dr. Farquharson, M.P.; Dr. Faller; Surgeon-Major Evatt. Treasurer: Noble Smith, Esq. Hon. Secretaries: Dr. Alder Smith; Dr. Chas. Shelly. New members of Council: Henry Armstrong, Esq. (Wellington) ; Brudenell Carter, Esq.; Shirley Murphy, Esq.; Dr. J. Ellison (Eton). A vote of thanks to the retiring President, Dr. Fuller, was proposed by Mr. Carter, and carried with acclamation. Dr. Fuller, in reply, briefly reviewed the history of the Association, which now numbered eighty-three members, and quoted instances in which the results of its labours had already proved useful to members of the profession as well as to the public; he was glad to welcome iAIr. Savory as his successor in that chair, because he was a man whose position at the head of the Association could not but add prestige to its labours and authority to its conclusions. Mr. Savory accepted the presidency as a special compliment from the members of the profession who knew him best, and the more gladly because he could thoroughly assent to the purposes for which the Association was founded. He knew that the Association had already done good work, that it was now doing good work, and he believed that it would do still better work in the future by the attention which it directed to the prevention of disease in its endeavours to discover the causes which provoke it. Dr. Haigh Brown then read a paper on the Causation of Follicular Tonsillitis." In the course of the discussion which followed the reading of the paper, Mr. H. Armstrong argued against the contagious nature of tonsillitis. Dr. Fyffe, Dr. Brett, and Mr. Statham were not prepared to admit the contagiousness of the disease, while believing that many Dr. Alder Smith took a cases had an insanitary origin. similar view, and considered that it would be a very serious thing if every case of follicular tonsillitis must be isolated He on the ground of avoiding the spread of the disease. agreed with Dr. Fyffe and other speakers in recognising at least three types of the malady, but they were certainly not al ways easy to differentiate: a persistent albuminuria he should regard as evidence of diphtheria, even in the absence of other specific symptoms of that affection. After Dr. Haigh Brown had replied in detail, the President proposed a hearty vote of thanks to him for a valuable contribution to an important subject, which was unanimously accorded. The members subsequently dined together at the Holborn Restaurant.
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
by drinking the .Zlfilk of Diseased Cows. A MEETING of this Society was held on Wednesday April 14th, Dr. Dickson, President, in the chair. " Dr. JAMES CAMBBON read a paper entitled, Observations on a certain Malady occurring among Cows at a time when the Milk produced by them disseminated Scarlet Fever," of which the following is an abstract. The author began by stating that he proposed to lay before the Society a short description of a cow disease which had been the subject of investigation by Mr. W. H. Power,’Dr. Klein, and himself during a recent inquiry into an outbreak of scarlet fever which occurred in certain districts in London and in Hendon amongst consumers of milk derived from a dairy farm situated within his sanitary district. It was not his intention to discuss the circumstantial evidence which led to the discovery of this disease amongst the cows, or which proved its connexion with the milk. These were respectively in the hands of Mr. Power and Dr. Klein. The disease is certainly not a new one; it has been known to some farmers and cowkeepers, at any rate, as a catching malady under the designation of sore teats, blistered teats, and the like; but it has never hitherto been recognised or described as a specific contagious disease amongst cows, or considered to have any concern with the causation of scarlet fever in the human subject, and has commonly been regarded as a malady of little importance. After giving an account of the farm, and speaking favourably of its sanitary condition, the author stated that the disease first appeared in some newly purchased cows, which had arrived about a fortnight before the first cases of scarlet fever occurred among consumers of the milk. It was subsequently ascertained that one of these cows, which was the first sufferer, introduced the disease into the herd, the malady spreading from shed to shed until the whole herd of 100 cows, with very few exceptions, was attacked; while, coincidently with the spread of the disease among the cows and into the various sheds, scarlet fever made its appearance, and continued to prevail among the consumers of the milk procured from these sheds. Dr. Cameron described the disease generally as a specific contagious disease, occurring usually in the first instance amongst newly calved cows, and capable of being communicated to healthy cows by direct inoculation of the teats with virus conveyed by the hands of the cowman. The disease may continue from four to six weeks, and is characterised by general constitutional disturbance, a short initiatory fever, a dry hacking cough, sometimes quickened breathing, sore-throat in severe cases, discharges from the nostrils and eyes, an eruption on the skin round the eyes and hind quarters, vesicles on the teats and udder, alteration in the quality of the milk secretion, and well-marked visceral lesions. The author then proceeded to discuss the symptoms n detail, and,referring to the eruption on the teats and udder, stated that from five to seven days after the commencement of the illness one or more teats became much swollen, and vesicles or bullae shortly make their appearance vesicles are usually rubbed and broken upon them. Thesesores with raised ulcerated-looking edges; inmilking,leaving at thisperiod the disease appears to be easily conveyed to other cows. Shortly after the vesicle has been broken a brown i, scab forms upon the sore, and this may remain from ten days or a fortnight to five or six weeks, a thin discharge escaping from beneath it until the sore is healed. There is a tendency for the milk to become ropy during the illness, but this is not always present, and as a rule this condition is not apparent until the milk has stood for five or six hours; hence the milk from this farm was distributed before this peculiarity had had time to show ’i, itself. After describing the differences between cow-pox ’, and the disease in question, Dr. Cameron urged the necessity for the examination of cows and for the removal of all suspected animals from the milk business, and he expressed the hope that the Government would see fit before long to institute some means of more effectually protecting the general public against the recurrence of these disastrous outbreaks of disease which are due to milk.-In the discussion which followed, the President, Drs. Murray, Pringle, Hicks, and Saunders, and Messrs. Barham, Smee, and Shirley Murphy took part. Dissemination of Scarlet Fever
I
THE second annual general meeting of the Medical Officers of Schools Association was held at the rooms of the Medical Society, Chandos-street, on Thursday, May 6th. The chair was taken by the President, Dr. Fuller; and, the minutes of the last meeting having been read and confirmed, the report of the Council was presented, and adopted on the motion of Dr. Alder Smith, seconded by Dr. Brett. The report alluded to the resignation of Dr. Diver, which had been accepted by the Council. Dr. Fletcher’s paper on the Management of Athletics in Public Schools had been published by Mr. Lewis, and copies had been sent to each member of the Association and to the head masters of the public schools. Sir Andrew Clark, Bart., consulting physician to the East London Hospital for Children, and William Scovell Savory, Esq., F.R.S., surgeon to Christ’s Hcspital, had been elected members of the Association by the Council on Feb. 10th. The following gentlemen were then elected members of the Association :-Dr. Batterbury, medical officer to the Berkhampstead Grammar School; Dr. Hetherington, medical officer to the Ipswich Grammar School; Surgeon-Major Pratt, medical officer to the Royal Military Asylum, Chelsea; Dr. Edward Penny, medical officer to Marlborough College; Howard Marsh, Esq., senior surgeon to the Children’s Hospital, Great Ormond-street; and F. W. Salzmann, Esq., medical officer to St. Mary’s Hall School for Daughters of Clergymen, Brighton. Dr. George Buchanan, medical officer of the Local Government Board, was elected as an honorary member. The audited accounts, which exhibited a satisfactory balance in the hands of the Treasurer, were then presented and
adopted.
The following gentlemen were elected as officers for the year 1886-7:-President: W. S. Savory, Esq., F.R.S. VicePresidents : Sir Andrew Clark, Bart.; Dr. Farquharson, M.P.; Dr. Faller; Surgeon-Major Evatt. Treasurer: Noble Smith, Esq. Hon. Secretaries: Dr. Alder Smith; Dr. Chas. Shelly. New members of Council: Henry Armstrong, Esq. (Wellington) ; Brudenell Carter, Esq.; Shirley Murphy, Esq.; Dr. J. Ellison (Eton). A vote of thanks to the retiring President, Dr. Fuller, was proposed by Mr. Carter, and carried with acclamation. Dr. Fuller, in reply, briefly reviewed the history of the Association, which now numbered eighty-three members, and quoted instances in which the results of its labours had already proved useful to members of the profession as well as to the public; he was glad to welcome iAIr. Savory as his successor in that chair, because he was a man whose position at the head of the Association could not but add prestige to its labours and authority to its conclusions. Mr. Savory accepted the presidency as a special compliment from the members of the profession who knew him best, and the more gladly because he could thoroughly assent to the purposes for which the Association was founded. He knew that the Association had already done good work, that it was now doing good work, and he believed that it would do still better work in the future by the attention which it directed to the prevention of disease in its endeavours to discover the causes which provoke it. Dr. Haigh Brown then read a paper on the Causation of Follicular Tonsillitis." In the course of the discussion which followed the reading of the paper, Mr. H. Armstrong argued against the contagious nature of tonsillitis. Dr. Fyffe, Dr. Brett, and Mr. Statham were not prepared to admit the contagiousness of the disease, while believing that many Dr. Alder Smith took a cases had an insanitary origin. similar view, and considered that it would be a very serious thing if every case of follicular tonsillitis must be isolated He on the ground of avoiding the spread of the disease. agreed with Dr. Fyffe and other speakers in recognising at least three types of the malady, but they were certainly not al ways easy to differentiate: a persistent albuminuria he should regard as evidence of diphtheria, even in the absence of other specific symptoms of that affection. After Dr. Haigh Brown had replied in detail, the President proposed a hearty vote of thanks to him for a valuable contribution to an important subject, which was unanimously accorded. The members subsequently dined together at the Holborn Restaurant.