- Email: [email protected]
Medical radiation protection education and training provided by a university medical physics department
e98
Abstracts / Physica Medica 30 (2014) e75ee121
Results: Between April 2012 and July 2013, 104 procedures with complete data were available which regarded abdominal aortic aneurysm repairs performed using sequential digital subtraction angiographic shots and vessel reconstruction. The C-arm was positioned anterior-posteriorly and in the cases of acute angled branch vessels that should be preserved, an oblique view was also mandatory. The respective average DAP and FT were 5698±4093 cGy$cm2 and 19.93±13.60 min. The calculated average patient peak skin dose was 0.2Gy which is 10 fold lower than the threshold for induction of skin erythema (2Gy) and the maximal calculated peak skin dose was 0.92Gy. The calculated average effective dose under the protective apron was 13mSv per procedure which corresponds to an annual effective dose of 1.35mSv for the primary operator due to EVAR procedures. Conclusion: The risk associated with radiation exposure during EVAR is relatively low for both the patient and the operator however measures to minimize intra-operative exposure should always be considered. RADIATION DOSE CALCULATIONS DURING PEDIATRIC BARIUM MEAL EXAMINATIONS USING MCNP5 AND PCXMC 2.0 MONTE CARLO CODES Аnastasios Dimitriadis a, Elsa Emmanouel Yakoumakis a, Tzamicha a, Triantafillia Makri b, Efstratios Karavasilis a, Evangelos Georgiou a. a Medical Physics Department, Medical School, University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str. Goudi 11527, Athens, Greece; b Radiological Imaging Department, Ag. Sofia Hospital, Levadias and Thivon, Goudi 11527, Athens, Greece Key words: Pediatric radiology, Radiation dose, Monte carlo simulation, DAP dosimetry Radiation protection and estimation of the radiological risk in pediatric radiology is essential due to children significant radiosensitivity and their greater health detriment. The purpose of this study is to estimate the organ and effective doses of pediatric patients undergoing Barium Meal (BM) examinations. During the (BM) studies, fluoroscopy and multiple radiographs are involved. Since direct measurements of the dose in each organ are very difficult if possible at all, clinical measurements of Dose Area Products (DAPs) and two different Monte Carlo codes, MCNP5 and PCXMC2.0, were involved. In clinical measurements, (DAPs) were assessed during examination of 51 patients undergoing (BM) examinations, separated almost equally in 3 age categories, neonatal, 1 and 5 year old. Organs receiving the highest amounts of radiation during BM examinations were: the stomach (10.4-9.8, 10.2-10.0, 11.1-11.5 mGy), the gall bladder (7.17.2, 5.8-5.8, 5.2-3.1 mGy) and the spleen (7.5-6.9, 8.2-7.5, 4.3-4.7 mGy). The three values in the brackets correspond to neonatal, 1 and 5-year old patients respectively. The first value of each age group is calculated with PCXMC2.0 Monte Carlo code, while the second with MCNP5 simulation. For all ages, the main contributors to the total organ and effective doses are the fluoroscopy projections. There is a reasonable good coincidence between the PCXMC2.0 and MCNP5 calculations for the majority of the studied organs. In some special cases there is a systematic disagreement of organ doses (bones, gonads and oesophagus).
EXPOSURE RANGE LIMITS OF THREE INTRAORAL IMAGE RECEPTORS FOR VARIOUS TUBE POTENTIAL, TUBE CURRENT AND EXPOSURE TIME SETTINGS E. Katsoni c, I. Tsalafoutas b, P. Gritzalis c, E. Stefanou c, E. Georgiou a, E. Yakoumakis a. a Department of Medical Physics, Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece; b Medical Physics Department, Agios Savvas Hospital, Athens, Greece; c Department of Oral Diagnosis and Radiology, Dental School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Purpose: To comparatively evaluate, in a systematic inter-equipment manner, the useful exposure range of three intraoral image receptors which are representative of the currently available technologies, when exposed to different X-ray beam spectra, dose and dose rate levels. Materials-Method: A modern dental X-ray unit (Prostyle Intra DC, Planmeca Oy, Helsinki, Finland) offering a wide range of tube potential, tube current and exposure time settings was used to expose A dental quality
control phantom. The receptors that were used to capture the radiographic images of the phantom were: the Kodak Insight, the Kodak RVG-6000 and the Duerr Vistascan system. The images that were produced over a wide range of exposure factor settings were evaluated in terms of diagnostic quality by three experienced radiologists. Results: The number of images with acceptable diagnostic quality was in total 1257; 310 with Insight, 331 with RVG 6000 and 616 with Vistascan. At 60 kV, diagnosable images were produced with doses ranging from 0.44 1.56 mGy for the Insight film 0.44 - 2.82 mGy for the RVG 6000 and 0.22 4.93 mGy for the Vistascan system. At 70 kV, the respective ranges were 0.39 - 1.28 mGy for the Insight film 0.31 - 2.55 mGy for the RVG6000 and 0.30 - 3.46 mGy for the Vistascan system. Conclusions: The Vistascan exhibited the widest useful exposure range and required the least exposure to produce a diagnosable image at almost all tube potential settings. The RVG 6000 exhibited a slightly wider useful exposure range than the Insight film, with almost the same dose requirements especially in higher Kv settings. MEDICAL RADIATION PROTECTION EDUCATION AND TRAINING PROVIDED BY A UNIVERSITY MEDICAL PHYSICS DEPARTMENT E. Yakoumakis, P. Karaiskos, P. Papagiannis, P. Dimitriou, E. Georgiou. Medical Physics Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, 11527, Greece In the light of the publication of the new EU BSS and the importance given to the E&T issues concerning radiation protection in medical exposures this work presents the activities of the Medical Physics Laboratory (MPL) of the University of Athens (UoA) concerning the provision of Education and Training (E&T) in Medical Radiation Protection (MRP). Several University Departments in Greece offer E&T in MRP. The MPL of the Faculty of Medicine of the UoA is one of the main Academic E&T providers in MRP at both pre- and post-graduate level. At pre-graduate level, MRP forms an integral part of obligatory courses in Medical Physics included in the curricula of the Medical, Dentistry and Nursery Schools of the University. In example, Medical Physics is offered in the first two semesters of the Medical School and E&T in MRP is encouraged by the regulatory authority according to Article 7 of the previous 97/43 MED EURATOM Directive. The syllabus includes Radiation Physics, Dosimetry, Instrumentation, Biological effects, and Radiation Protection (legislative framework, medical, occupational and public exposures including emergency exposures). In addition, elements of MRP are incorporated in various elective courses with learning objectives relevant to the applications of radiation in medicine. At post-graduate level an intereUniversity Post-Graduate Program in Medical Radiation Physics (PGPMRP) is conducted since 1993. The PGPMRP is running under the administration and co-ordination of the Medical Physics Department of the UoA, in collaboration with the Physics and Biology Departments of the UOA and the Medical Physics Departments of the Universities of Ioannina, Thessaloniki, Crete and Thrace, as well as, the National Centre for Science Research (NCSR) “Demokritos”, and the Greek Atomic Energy Commission (GAEC). An extensive part of the syllabus is dedicated to MRP. The PGPMRP leads to an MSc degree in Medical Physics and, optionally, to a PhD. Continuing, lifelong education and training on radiation protection is also provided by the Medical Physics Department to the medical and paramedical staff of medical radiation facilities in collaboration with medical societies and professional bodies.
PATIENT RADIATION DOSE DURING EXTRACORPOREAL SHOCKWAVE LITHOTRIPSY J. Hristova-Popova, D. Taseva, I. Diyakov, J. Vassileva. National Center of Radiobiology and Radiation Protection, Sofia, Bulgaria Background: The purpose of this work is to present the first results from a survey of patient radiation doses during Extracorporeal Shockwave Lithotripsy (ESWL) and to compare results.
Abstracts / Physica Medica 30 (2014) e75ee121
Results: Between April 2012 and July 2013, 104 procedures with complete data were available which regarded abdominal aortic aneurysm repairs performed using sequential digital subtraction angiographic shots and vessel reconstruction. The C-arm was positioned anterior-posteriorly and in the cases of acute angled branch vessels that should be preserved, an oblique view was also mandatory. The respective average DAP and FT were 5698±4093 cGy$cm2 and 19.93±13.60 min. The calculated average patient peak skin dose was 0.2Gy which is 10 fold lower than the threshold for induction of skin erythema (2Gy) and the maximal calculated peak skin dose was 0.92Gy. The calculated average effective dose under the protective apron was 13mSv per procedure which corresponds to an annual effective dose of 1.35mSv for the primary operator due to EVAR procedures. Conclusion: The risk associated with radiation exposure during EVAR is relatively low for both the patient and the operator however measures to minimize intra-operative exposure should always be considered. RADIATION DOSE CALCULATIONS DURING PEDIATRIC BARIUM MEAL EXAMINATIONS USING MCNP5 AND PCXMC 2.0 MONTE CARLO CODES Аnastasios Dimitriadis a, Elsa Emmanouel Yakoumakis a, Tzamicha a, Triantafillia Makri b, Efstratios Karavasilis a, Evangelos Georgiou a. a Medical Physics Department, Medical School, University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str. Goudi 11527, Athens, Greece; b Radiological Imaging Department, Ag. Sofia Hospital, Levadias and Thivon, Goudi 11527, Athens, Greece Key words: Pediatric radiology, Radiation dose, Monte carlo simulation, DAP dosimetry Radiation protection and estimation of the radiological risk in pediatric radiology is essential due to children significant radiosensitivity and their greater health detriment. The purpose of this study is to estimate the organ and effective doses of pediatric patients undergoing Barium Meal (BM) examinations. During the (BM) studies, fluoroscopy and multiple radiographs are involved. Since direct measurements of the dose in each organ are very difficult if possible at all, clinical measurements of Dose Area Products (DAPs) and two different Monte Carlo codes, MCNP5 and PCXMC2.0, were involved. In clinical measurements, (DAPs) were assessed during examination of 51 patients undergoing (BM) examinations, separated almost equally in 3 age categories, neonatal, 1 and 5 year old. Organs receiving the highest amounts of radiation during BM examinations were: the stomach (10.4-9.8, 10.2-10.0, 11.1-11.5 mGy), the gall bladder (7.17.2, 5.8-5.8, 5.2-3.1 mGy) and the spleen (7.5-6.9, 8.2-7.5, 4.3-4.7 mGy). The three values in the brackets correspond to neonatal, 1 and 5-year old patients respectively. The first value of each age group is calculated with PCXMC2.0 Monte Carlo code, while the second with MCNP5 simulation. For all ages, the main contributors to the total organ and effective doses are the fluoroscopy projections. There is a reasonable good coincidence between the PCXMC2.0 and MCNP5 calculations for the majority of the studied organs. In some special cases there is a systematic disagreement of organ doses (bones, gonads and oesophagus).
EXPOSURE RANGE LIMITS OF THREE INTRAORAL IMAGE RECEPTORS FOR VARIOUS TUBE POTENTIAL, TUBE CURRENT AND EXPOSURE TIME SETTINGS E. Katsoni c, I. Tsalafoutas b, P. Gritzalis c, E. Stefanou c, E. Georgiou a, E. Yakoumakis a. a Department of Medical Physics, Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece; b Medical Physics Department, Agios Savvas Hospital, Athens, Greece; c Department of Oral Diagnosis and Radiology, Dental School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Purpose: To comparatively evaluate, in a systematic inter-equipment manner, the useful exposure range of three intraoral image receptors which are representative of the currently available technologies, when exposed to different X-ray beam spectra, dose and dose rate levels. Materials-Method: A modern dental X-ray unit (Prostyle Intra DC, Planmeca Oy, Helsinki, Finland) offering a wide range of tube potential, tube current and exposure time settings was used to expose A dental quality
control phantom. The receptors that were used to capture the radiographic images of the phantom were: the Kodak Insight, the Kodak RVG-6000 and the Duerr Vistascan system. The images that were produced over a wide range of exposure factor settings were evaluated in terms of diagnostic quality by three experienced radiologists. Results: The number of images with acceptable diagnostic quality was in total 1257; 310 with Insight, 331 with RVG 6000 and 616 with Vistascan. At 60 kV, diagnosable images were produced with doses ranging from 0.44 1.56 mGy for the Insight film 0.44 - 2.82 mGy for the RVG 6000 and 0.22 4.93 mGy for the Vistascan system. At 70 kV, the respective ranges were 0.39 - 1.28 mGy for the Insight film 0.31 - 2.55 mGy for the RVG6000 and 0.30 - 3.46 mGy for the Vistascan system. Conclusions: The Vistascan exhibited the widest useful exposure range and required the least exposure to produce a diagnosable image at almost all tube potential settings. The RVG 6000 exhibited a slightly wider useful exposure range than the Insight film, with almost the same dose requirements especially in higher Kv settings. MEDICAL RADIATION PROTECTION EDUCATION AND TRAINING PROVIDED BY A UNIVERSITY MEDICAL PHYSICS DEPARTMENT E. Yakoumakis, P. Karaiskos, P. Papagiannis, P. Dimitriou, E. Georgiou. Medical Physics Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, 11527, Greece In the light of the publication of the new EU BSS and the importance given to the E&T issues concerning radiation protection in medical exposures this work presents the activities of the Medical Physics Laboratory (MPL) of the University of Athens (UoA) concerning the provision of Education and Training (E&T) in Medical Radiation Protection (MRP). Several University Departments in Greece offer E&T in MRP. The MPL of the Faculty of Medicine of the UoA is one of the main Academic E&T providers in MRP at both pre- and post-graduate level. At pre-graduate level, MRP forms an integral part of obligatory courses in Medical Physics included in the curricula of the Medical, Dentistry and Nursery Schools of the University. In example, Medical Physics is offered in the first two semesters of the Medical School and E&T in MRP is encouraged by the regulatory authority according to Article 7 of the previous 97/43 MED EURATOM Directive. The syllabus includes Radiation Physics, Dosimetry, Instrumentation, Biological effects, and Radiation Protection (legislative framework, medical, occupational and public exposures including emergency exposures). In addition, elements of MRP are incorporated in various elective courses with learning objectives relevant to the applications of radiation in medicine. At post-graduate level an intereUniversity Post-Graduate Program in Medical Radiation Physics (PGPMRP) is conducted since 1993. The PGPMRP is running under the administration and co-ordination of the Medical Physics Department of the UoA, in collaboration with the Physics and Biology Departments of the UOA and the Medical Physics Departments of the Universities of Ioannina, Thessaloniki, Crete and Thrace, as well as, the National Centre for Science Research (NCSR) “Demokritos”, and the Greek Atomic Energy Commission (GAEC). An extensive part of the syllabus is dedicated to MRP. The PGPMRP leads to an MSc degree in Medical Physics and, optionally, to a PhD. Continuing, lifelong education and training on radiation protection is also provided by the Medical Physics Department to the medical and paramedical staff of medical radiation facilities in collaboration with medical societies and professional bodies.
PATIENT RADIATION DOSE DURING EXTRACORPOREAL SHOCKWAVE LITHOTRIPSY J. Hristova-Popova, D. Taseva, I. Diyakov, J. Vassileva. National Center of Radiobiology and Radiation Protection, Sofia, Bulgaria Background: The purpose of this work is to present the first results from a survey of patient radiation doses during Extracorporeal Shockwave Lithotripsy (ESWL) and to compare results.