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MEDICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. SATURDAY, DECEMBER 1ST, 1855.
the
concretion of considerable size, very much obstructing cavity, extending into the right ventricle, and diminishing the orifice for the passage of the blood to one-fourth of its natural SATURDAY, DECEMBER 1ST, 1855. size. It passed into the pulmonary artery and its branches. DR. SNOW, PRESIDENT. He had examined the fibrinous clot under the microscope, and found it to be studded with a large number of white bloodDR. ROUTH related the following case of cells-an appearance he thought conclusive that the formation took place before death. MEASLES COMPLICATED WITH BRONCHITIS; DEATH FROM Dr. ROUTH thought that the presence of the clot did not FIBRINOUS DEPOSIT. account for all the symptoms; but if it was formed during The case first came under his notice two or three days after as Dr. Thudichum supposed, it would have had much inthe fever had declared itself. The eruption of measles was well life, fluence on the fatal result. but bronchitic was the The considerable. out, complication Dr. RiCHAEDSON had seen clots which had formed during room in which this patient lived was very ill-ventilated, and in which there was no large quantity of white corpuscles. life, the drain-odour very offensive in it. There was no dulness on i, He therefore did not think this appearance conclusive evidence but the was finer than that crepitation usually ’, of the formation of the clot before percussion, death; but the symptoms observed in bronchitis; the dyspnoea was very great; lips life and the form of the clot determined this point. during bluish, and a slaty hue over all the face. He therefore put Dr. THUDICHUM thought that the fibrinous clot in the heart down the case as one of capillary bronchitis complicating ’, was the main cause of death, as there was not much capillary measles. He learned subsequently that the child had been put bronchitis. Rokitansky had observed the white cells to which into a bath which was far from warm, and that the eruption z’ he had alluded. He ordered chloride of lime to be was out at the time. OF CONGENITAL ICHTHYOSIS SUCCESSFULLY TREATED largely scattered about the room, an emetic of tartar CASES WITH THE INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL USE OF COD-LIVER OIL. emetic and ipecacuanha occasionally, a ’warm bath, and a mercurial purge. The next day the child was no better; the Dr. O’CoNNOR related briefly the history of two cases of condyspncea was equally urgent. A drachm of ipecacuanha winei genital ichthyosis, admitted under his care at the Royal Free was given, and ordered to be repeated every four hours, if Hospital on the 1st of August. They were the two youngest necessary, and ammonia and ether conjoined with the drops; a of three children, of the respective ages of eight months and blister to be kept on for four or five hours, and stupes dipped two years and a half; the eldest of the three, five years of age, in turpentine to be placed around the other parts of the chest. being in good health, and never had any form of eruption. On the third day the child was no better, although he was The mother is twenty-six years of age, and had been married said to have been relieved the previous night ; lips very blue ; six years. She is tall, having a pale but puffed face, of a dyspnoea very urgent; large crepitation heard over the lungs, doughy appearance, with fine texture of skin and other marks and even gurgling,’ at some distance from the child. He in- of a latent phthisical condition. She has always had good creased the stimulants, wine to be given freely; one leech to health, and never had any eruptive disease. Her husband is a be applied to the chest, but the bite not to be allowed to bleed healthy man, free from any eruption, and never, to her knowwhen it came off. The turpentine was repeated externally, and ledge, had any form of eruption or constitutional disease. a teaspoonful of ipecacuanha given occasionally. On the fourth When admitted, the children were covered all over with this day he heard that, the child having been worse in his absence, very dark fish-skin-like covering. Both were much wasted, a neighbouring practitioner had been called in, and had applied and there was considerable derangement of the digestive two leeches, which had subsequently bled freely. The pulse organs. After the use of mild alteratives, with a bitter infuwas fuller and softer, but the dyspncea was not relieved. From sion and alkalies, for a short time, Dr. O’Connor ordered codthat time there was no improvement in the symptoms. Chlorate liver oil three times a day, half a drachm to the infant, and of potash was conjoined to the stimulant treatment, and sub- one drachm to the other ; each of the children to be put into a sequently, aphthae having made their appearance, borax aud honey warm-bath twice a week. At the expiration of one week from The child, he should have this time there were decided symptoms of improvement, and were given, but were of no avail. said, was placed in a warm bath, the day before its death, with- Dr. O’Connor now ordered cod-liver oil to be rubbed all over out his knowledge, and prevented from fainting by wine. How the body, and the quantity taken internally to be gradually far this hastened the termination he could not tell. He was too increased. The children are now, at the expiration of four ill after the second day he saw him to admit of any physical months, very nearly free from the disease, there existing only examination of the chest. The case was put down as one of a patch on the arm of one, and a patch on the nape of the neck capillary bronchitis, and the symptoms were sufficiently ex- of th’-1 other. Both children are plump and fat, with a slight plained on this diagnosis; still, as the dyspnoea and lividity rosy tinge on the cheeks, and the general health is very much were very great, it might be explained on the supposition that improved. The younger is now taking a large teaspoonful of it was due to a fibrinous deposit in the region of the heart, on the oil, and the elder is taking three. He had entrusted the postDr. Richardson’s hypothesis. Mr. DE MERIC read a paper mortem examination to Dr. Thudichum, and did not know ON BUBO. what lesions had been discovered. author The commenced after Dr. THUDICHUM narrated the appearances observed by alluding to the importance of diadeath. The principal of these was the presence of a large gnosis in this affection, and thought that a safe line of practice amount of blood in the neighbourhood of the transverse sinuses; could hardly be entered upon, except the surgeon could assign the presence of a tubular iibrinous concretion in the longitu- to the bubo he was treating its proper class, species, and dinal sinus; the same formation in’the ophthalmic veins. The variety. Mr. de Meric adopted the classification made by lungs were studded with patches of emphysema, and overlapped M. Ricord, and had drawn up the subjoined table for the conthe heart. On the outer side of the right auricle was a fibrinous venience of his hearers.
MEDICAL
SOCIETY
OF
LONDON.
,
11f Ricard’s
Olassification of
Buboes.
The author accounted for two seeming omissions in this table- latter
viz., the scrofulous bubo
and the
supposed primary bubo,
which
I out
some surgeons believe, now and then, to spring up withany other primary symptom. Mr. de Meric did not wish
547
to enter upon the consideration of all the buboes in the table, but requested attention to the first variety of the first species of the symptomatic bubo. He had made experiments, both at the Royal Free and German Hospitals, to test the value of the following proposition enunciated by M. Ricord:" Any bubo which yields inoculable pus, is never-followed by secondary symptoms. This sign is more valuable than the absence of induration in the chancre which preceded the bubo, as sources of error may exist as to the induration having been present or not." Mr. de Meric now related four cases in which he had made inoculations from symptomatic buboes, which inoculations had all given rise to the characteristic pustule, this circumstance proving that the sores in the groin were no other than inguinal chancres. Mercury had not been used in these cases, when it was plain that no secondary symptoms were to be apprehended. The author concluded by stating that he was very happy at having had an opportunity of strengthening, by these experiments, the magnificent edifice reared by M. Ricord. Mr. HUNT thought that M. Ricord’s theory was very valuable, but that the evidence, as respects the non-appearance of secondary symptoms, was not, to his mind, sufficient, as patients had hardly been observed long enough. Many individuals applied to him with secondary eruptions, who dated the primary symptoms many years back. He thought Mr. de Méric was entitled to thanks for his cases, although the weight of evidence was wanting. Mr. HENRY LEE could offer to Mr. Hunt 1400 cases which went to prove the position defended by Mr. de Merio; and he considered the mode adopted by the author of testing by inoculation, whether mercury should be given or not, extremely valuable. The objection that chancres artificially produced might lead to phagedæna was not valid; because in those cases where phagedaanic ulceration had followed artificial inoculation, this circumstance indicated some peculiar state of the constitution which would have produced a similar complication elsewhere had the disease not expended itself upon the artificial chancre. He (Mr. Lee) in offering some observations on inoculation generally, dissented from the opinion of M. Ricord, who considers that all specific ulcerations begin in the same way; and he (Mr. Lee) was of opinion that the true Hunterian chancre was difficult of inoculation. Four cases of this kind of chancres had been subjected by himself to inoculation, and he had failed in all of them; in two, secondary symptoms had made their appearance. These chancres, though not artificially inoculable, would be communicable by ordinary connexion. From two cases, in which disease had been communicated, he (Mr. Lee) was led to believe that simple induration might convey the disease from one person to another; he thought also that prianary bubo could occur, and cited a case in support which had been under the care of Mr. Lane. To a question from the President, Mr. Lee stated that he considered the chancre presenting adhesive inflammation liable to infect the economy, and the ulcer freely suppurating not likely to produce that effect. Upon a second question from the President, Mr. Lee answered, that pus from an indurated chancre may generate either variety just named, according to the peculiarity of the
patient.
Mr. COOK feared that Mr. de Meric’s restrictions upon mercury would leave hardly any cses to be treated by that metal. Mr. PoTTS contended that breach of surface generally occurs, as had been maintained by Mr. de Méric; and that, in cases of bubo, such breach might be easily overlooked. Dr. O’CONNOR had seen patients affected with a kind of phthisis, which he considered as syphilitic, the peculiarity being that physical pectoral signs were absent. Mr. DE MERIC stated, in his reply, that some of his cases were certainly of recent date (though one patient had been seen sixteen months after discharge from hospital), but he thought he had clearly proved his point, and shown, by inoculation, that the symptomatic buboes he had treated were really glandular or inguinal chancres. He was glad, as regards the freedom from secondary symptoms in such instances, to have the support of Mr. Lee’s numerous cases besides his own. He would also remind his hearers that M. Ricord, in his work, mentions 349 cases in which inoculations from symptomatic buboes were performed. Mr. Lee’s failure in producing chancres from indurated sores, in four cases, he attributed to the pus having been taken at a period when cicatrization was beginning. Such pus, as has been repeatedly shown, is not inoculable ; the ulcerative and the stationary period alone possessed the faculty of inoculation. As to Mr. Lee’s
supposi-
548
tion that a man affected with an indurated cicatrix could communicate a primary disease in ordinary intercourse, he must say that such a doctrine seemed kardly tenable. Out of the two cases cited by Mr. Lee, one presented a serous secretion besides the induration; this was enough to rob the case of the whole of its weight in the question; and as to the other, we must give up altogether what we had hitherto believed as to the laws of infection, and suppose (if Mr. Lee’s case is not open to another and more satisfactory explanation) that the disease was conveyed by a kind of electric force. It would, perhaps, be less straining to suspect a renewed breach of surface prior to connexion, or else to put in the plea of ignorance as to the antecedents of the person supposed to have been contaminated. Either explanation was less opposed to general pathological laws than the belief in the infectant properties of an unbroken, though indurated surface. As to primary bubo, the mere fact of Mr. Lee’s having none to cite from his own extensive experience, was sufficient’to show how rare is this affection; and he (Mr. de Méric) might well rely on the reasons he put forward in his paper, and continue to doubt the existence of primary bubo. In answer to Mr. Cooke, Mr. de Menc stated that the cases of indurated chancre, and of the subsequent secondary symptoms were, unfortunately, numerous enough, and that the mercurial treatment was thus applicable in a great number of instances. The author finally returned thanks for the courtesy with which his paper had been listened to and commented upon.
PATHOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 20TH, 1855. MR. ARNOTT
IN THE
CHAIR.
Mr. PARTRIDGE exhibited RENAL CALCULI FROM AN OX, in dozen number, taken from the kidney of an ox, nearly varying in size, the largest was about the size of a small nut. From an analysis made by Mr. Bloxam, of King’s College. they were found to consist principally of carbonate of lime, albuminous matter, with a trace of alumina. Mr. Partridge noticed the presence of alumina as evidencing its presence in the blood. Mr. PARTRIDGE next presented a
A DOUBLE
which,
(ESOPHAGUS,
FROM A
SHEEP,
post-mortem examination, was found to commence at the top of the gullet, and extend to the mouth of thestomach. No symptoms were noticed to arrest attention on
before death. In answer to a question from the President, Mr. said he did not know the age of the animal.
Mr. PARTRIDGE also
Partridge
placed on the table
A PREPIRiTI0IT ILLUSTRATING FRACTURED SCAPULA, in a boy, fourteen years of age. It was from the collection of Mr. Wormald. Mr. PARTRIDGE likewise exhibited a specimen of FRACTURED STERNUM, from a man, forty-five years of age, occurring in consequence of a cart passing over his abdomen and chest. There was very slight emphysema; the expectoration was bloody. He died of effusion into the left side of the chest. The heart was dislocated. There was fracture of the ribs on the right side and across the body of the sternum above the junction of the second ribs, and another which he could not positively say was fracture or separation of the ribs at their cartilage. Mr. HUTCHINSON exhibited a specimen of
ANEURISM OF THE AORTA, above the semilunar valves. It was sent to him by his friend, Mr. Nesbitt, of Gibraltar. The patient died in a paroxysm of angina pectoris. The aneurism was in the first part of the arch, and passed over the pulmonary artery on each side.
occurring
Mr. HUTCHINSON also showed
a
specimen
of
INTUSSUSCEPTION OF THE CÆCUM, which he exhibited at a former meeting. It was then doubted that the intussusception had existed for three months; since then an examination had been carefully made, and it was found
concretion of considerable size, very much obstructing cavity, extending into the right ventricle, and diminishing the orifice for the passage of the blood to one-fourth of its natural SATURDAY, DECEMBER 1ST, 1855. size. It passed into the pulmonary artery and its branches. DR. SNOW, PRESIDENT. He had examined the fibrinous clot under the microscope, and found it to be studded with a large number of white bloodDR. ROUTH related the following case of cells-an appearance he thought conclusive that the formation took place before death. MEASLES COMPLICATED WITH BRONCHITIS; DEATH FROM Dr. ROUTH thought that the presence of the clot did not FIBRINOUS DEPOSIT. account for all the symptoms; but if it was formed during The case first came under his notice two or three days after as Dr. Thudichum supposed, it would have had much inthe fever had declared itself. The eruption of measles was well life, fluence on the fatal result. but bronchitic was the The considerable. out, complication Dr. RiCHAEDSON had seen clots which had formed during room in which this patient lived was very ill-ventilated, and in which there was no large quantity of white corpuscles. life, the drain-odour very offensive in it. There was no dulness on i, He therefore did not think this appearance conclusive evidence but the was finer than that crepitation usually ’, of the formation of the clot before percussion, death; but the symptoms observed in bronchitis; the dyspnoea was very great; lips life and the form of the clot determined this point. during bluish, and a slaty hue over all the face. He therefore put Dr. THUDICHUM thought that the fibrinous clot in the heart down the case as one of capillary bronchitis complicating ’, was the main cause of death, as there was not much capillary measles. He learned subsequently that the child had been put bronchitis. Rokitansky had observed the white cells to which into a bath which was far from warm, and that the eruption z’ he had alluded. He ordered chloride of lime to be was out at the time. OF CONGENITAL ICHTHYOSIS SUCCESSFULLY TREATED largely scattered about the room, an emetic of tartar CASES WITH THE INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL USE OF COD-LIVER OIL. emetic and ipecacuanha occasionally, a ’warm bath, and a mercurial purge. The next day the child was no better; the Dr. O’CoNNOR related briefly the history of two cases of condyspncea was equally urgent. A drachm of ipecacuanha winei genital ichthyosis, admitted under his care at the Royal Free was given, and ordered to be repeated every four hours, if Hospital on the 1st of August. They were the two youngest necessary, and ammonia and ether conjoined with the drops; a of three children, of the respective ages of eight months and blister to be kept on for four or five hours, and stupes dipped two years and a half; the eldest of the three, five years of age, in turpentine to be placed around the other parts of the chest. being in good health, and never had any form of eruption. On the third day the child was no better, although he was The mother is twenty-six years of age, and had been married said to have been relieved the previous night ; lips very blue ; six years. She is tall, having a pale but puffed face, of a dyspnoea very urgent; large crepitation heard over the lungs, doughy appearance, with fine texture of skin and other marks and even gurgling,’ at some distance from the child. He in- of a latent phthisical condition. She has always had good creased the stimulants, wine to be given freely; one leech to health, and never had any eruptive disease. Her husband is a be applied to the chest, but the bite not to be allowed to bleed healthy man, free from any eruption, and never, to her knowwhen it came off. The turpentine was repeated externally, and ledge, had any form of eruption or constitutional disease. a teaspoonful of ipecacuanha given occasionally. On the fourth When admitted, the children were covered all over with this day he heard that, the child having been worse in his absence, very dark fish-skin-like covering. Both were much wasted, a neighbouring practitioner had been called in, and had applied and there was considerable derangement of the digestive two leeches, which had subsequently bled freely. The pulse organs. After the use of mild alteratives, with a bitter infuwas fuller and softer, but the dyspncea was not relieved. From sion and alkalies, for a short time, Dr. O’Connor ordered codthat time there was no improvement in the symptoms. Chlorate liver oil three times a day, half a drachm to the infant, and of potash was conjoined to the stimulant treatment, and sub- one drachm to the other ; each of the children to be put into a sequently, aphthae having made their appearance, borax aud honey warm-bath twice a week. At the expiration of one week from The child, he should have this time there were decided symptoms of improvement, and were given, but were of no avail. said, was placed in a warm bath, the day before its death, with- Dr. O’Connor now ordered cod-liver oil to be rubbed all over out his knowledge, and prevented from fainting by wine. How the body, and the quantity taken internally to be gradually far this hastened the termination he could not tell. He was too increased. The children are now, at the expiration of four ill after the second day he saw him to admit of any physical months, very nearly free from the disease, there existing only examination of the chest. The case was put down as one of a patch on the arm of one, and a patch on the nape of the neck capillary bronchitis, and the symptoms were sufficiently ex- of th’-1 other. Both children are plump and fat, with a slight plained on this diagnosis; still, as the dyspnoea and lividity rosy tinge on the cheeks, and the general health is very much were very great, it might be explained on the supposition that improved. The younger is now taking a large teaspoonful of it was due to a fibrinous deposit in the region of the heart, on the oil, and the elder is taking three. He had entrusted the postDr. Richardson’s hypothesis. Mr. DE MERIC read a paper mortem examination to Dr. Thudichum, and did not know ON BUBO. what lesions had been discovered. author The commenced after Dr. THUDICHUM narrated the appearances observed by alluding to the importance of diadeath. The principal of these was the presence of a large gnosis in this affection, and thought that a safe line of practice amount of blood in the neighbourhood of the transverse sinuses; could hardly be entered upon, except the surgeon could assign the presence of a tubular iibrinous concretion in the longitu- to the bubo he was treating its proper class, species, and dinal sinus; the same formation in’the ophthalmic veins. The variety. Mr. de Meric adopted the classification made by lungs were studded with patches of emphysema, and overlapped M. Ricord, and had drawn up the subjoined table for the conthe heart. On the outer side of the right auricle was a fibrinous venience of his hearers.
MEDICAL
SOCIETY
OF
LONDON.
,
11f Ricard’s
Olassification of
Buboes.
The author accounted for two seeming omissions in this table- latter
viz., the scrofulous bubo
and the
supposed primary bubo,
which
I out
some surgeons believe, now and then, to spring up withany other primary symptom. Mr. de Meric did not wish
547
to enter upon the consideration of all the buboes in the table, but requested attention to the first variety of the first species of the symptomatic bubo. He had made experiments, both at the Royal Free and German Hospitals, to test the value of the following proposition enunciated by M. Ricord:" Any bubo which yields inoculable pus, is never-followed by secondary symptoms. This sign is more valuable than the absence of induration in the chancre which preceded the bubo, as sources of error may exist as to the induration having been present or not." Mr. de Meric now related four cases in which he had made inoculations from symptomatic buboes, which inoculations had all given rise to the characteristic pustule, this circumstance proving that the sores in the groin were no other than inguinal chancres. Mercury had not been used in these cases, when it was plain that no secondary symptoms were to be apprehended. The author concluded by stating that he was very happy at having had an opportunity of strengthening, by these experiments, the magnificent edifice reared by M. Ricord. Mr. HUNT thought that M. Ricord’s theory was very valuable, but that the evidence, as respects the non-appearance of secondary symptoms, was not, to his mind, sufficient, as patients had hardly been observed long enough. Many individuals applied to him with secondary eruptions, who dated the primary symptoms many years back. He thought Mr. de Méric was entitled to thanks for his cases, although the weight of evidence was wanting. Mr. HENRY LEE could offer to Mr. Hunt 1400 cases which went to prove the position defended by Mr. de Merio; and he considered the mode adopted by the author of testing by inoculation, whether mercury should be given or not, extremely valuable. The objection that chancres artificially produced might lead to phagedæna was not valid; because in those cases where phagedaanic ulceration had followed artificial inoculation, this circumstance indicated some peculiar state of the constitution which would have produced a similar complication elsewhere had the disease not expended itself upon the artificial chancre. He (Mr. Lee) in offering some observations on inoculation generally, dissented from the opinion of M. Ricord, who considers that all specific ulcerations begin in the same way; and he (Mr. Lee) was of opinion that the true Hunterian chancre was difficult of inoculation. Four cases of this kind of chancres had been subjected by himself to inoculation, and he had failed in all of them; in two, secondary symptoms had made their appearance. These chancres, though not artificially inoculable, would be communicable by ordinary connexion. From two cases, in which disease had been communicated, he (Mr. Lee) was led to believe that simple induration might convey the disease from one person to another; he thought also that prianary bubo could occur, and cited a case in support which had been under the care of Mr. Lane. To a question from the President, Mr. Lee stated that he considered the chancre presenting adhesive inflammation liable to infect the economy, and the ulcer freely suppurating not likely to produce that effect. Upon a second question from the President, Mr. Lee answered, that pus from an indurated chancre may generate either variety just named, according to the peculiarity of the
patient.
Mr. COOK feared that Mr. de Meric’s restrictions upon mercury would leave hardly any cses to be treated by that metal. Mr. PoTTS contended that breach of surface generally occurs, as had been maintained by Mr. de Méric; and that, in cases of bubo, such breach might be easily overlooked. Dr. O’CONNOR had seen patients affected with a kind of phthisis, which he considered as syphilitic, the peculiarity being that physical pectoral signs were absent. Mr. DE MERIC stated, in his reply, that some of his cases were certainly of recent date (though one patient had been seen sixteen months after discharge from hospital), but he thought he had clearly proved his point, and shown, by inoculation, that the symptomatic buboes he had treated were really glandular or inguinal chancres. He was glad, as regards the freedom from secondary symptoms in such instances, to have the support of Mr. Lee’s numerous cases besides his own. He would also remind his hearers that M. Ricord, in his work, mentions 349 cases in which inoculations from symptomatic buboes were performed. Mr. Lee’s failure in producing chancres from indurated sores, in four cases, he attributed to the pus having been taken at a period when cicatrization was beginning. Such pus, as has been repeatedly shown, is not inoculable ; the ulcerative and the stationary period alone possessed the faculty of inoculation. As to Mr. Lee’s
supposi-
548
tion that a man affected with an indurated cicatrix could communicate a primary disease in ordinary intercourse, he must say that such a doctrine seemed kardly tenable. Out of the two cases cited by Mr. Lee, one presented a serous secretion besides the induration; this was enough to rob the case of the whole of its weight in the question; and as to the other, we must give up altogether what we had hitherto believed as to the laws of infection, and suppose (if Mr. Lee’s case is not open to another and more satisfactory explanation) that the disease was conveyed by a kind of electric force. It would, perhaps, be less straining to suspect a renewed breach of surface prior to connexion, or else to put in the plea of ignorance as to the antecedents of the person supposed to have been contaminated. Either explanation was less opposed to general pathological laws than the belief in the infectant properties of an unbroken, though indurated surface. As to primary bubo, the mere fact of Mr. Lee’s having none to cite from his own extensive experience, was sufficient’to show how rare is this affection; and he (Mr. de Méric) might well rely on the reasons he put forward in his paper, and continue to doubt the existence of primary bubo. In answer to Mr. Cooke, Mr. de Menc stated that the cases of indurated chancre, and of the subsequent secondary symptoms were, unfortunately, numerous enough, and that the mercurial treatment was thus applicable in a great number of instances. The author finally returned thanks for the courtesy with which his paper had been listened to and commented upon.
PATHOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 20TH, 1855. MR. ARNOTT
IN THE
CHAIR.
Mr. PARTRIDGE exhibited RENAL CALCULI FROM AN OX, in dozen number, taken from the kidney of an ox, nearly varying in size, the largest was about the size of a small nut. From an analysis made by Mr. Bloxam, of King’s College. they were found to consist principally of carbonate of lime, albuminous matter, with a trace of alumina. Mr. Partridge noticed the presence of alumina as evidencing its presence in the blood. Mr. PARTRIDGE next presented a
A DOUBLE
which,
(ESOPHAGUS,
FROM A
SHEEP,
post-mortem examination, was found to commence at the top of the gullet, and extend to the mouth of thestomach. No symptoms were noticed to arrest attention on
before death. In answer to a question from the President, Mr. said he did not know the age of the animal.
Mr. PARTRIDGE also
Partridge
placed on the table
A PREPIRiTI0IT ILLUSTRATING FRACTURED SCAPULA, in a boy, fourteen years of age. It was from the collection of Mr. Wormald. Mr. PARTRIDGE likewise exhibited a specimen of FRACTURED STERNUM, from a man, forty-five years of age, occurring in consequence of a cart passing over his abdomen and chest. There was very slight emphysema; the expectoration was bloody. He died of effusion into the left side of the chest. The heart was dislocated. There was fracture of the ribs on the right side and across the body of the sternum above the junction of the second ribs, and another which he could not positively say was fracture or separation of the ribs at their cartilage. Mr. HUTCHINSON exhibited a specimen of
ANEURISM OF THE AORTA, above the semilunar valves. It was sent to him by his friend, Mr. Nesbitt, of Gibraltar. The patient died in a paroxysm of angina pectoris. The aneurism was in the first part of the arch, and passed over the pulmonary artery on each side.
occurring
Mr. HUTCHINSON also showed
a
specimen
of
INTUSSUSCEPTION OF THE CÆCUM, which he exhibited at a former meeting. It was then doubted that the intussusception had existed for three months; since then an examination had been carefully made, and it was found