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MEDICINE AND THE LAW.
1244
by restoring a tired muscle to activity. The chemistry of meat extract has by no means even now been exhausted, and there are still many constituents present in it which have not been definitely recognised and yet to which it may owe in part its valuable dietetic properties. Hence the arguments which have been put forward against the dietetic use of extract of meat have often received a crushing reply from the favourable results gained in actual practice. The fact, at all events, cannot be ignored that beef extract supplies a distinct human need, as is evidenced by its continued popularity for dietetic purposes for both the sick and the healthy and by the increased demand which has taken place for it during recent years. In view of this demand it is all the more satisfactory that, coming back to the chief purpose and aim of the present inquiry, our Commissioner as the result of his visit is able to report that the concentrated meat products of the Liebig Extract of Meat Company are prepared in strict pursuance of a policy which requires that every process from beginning to end shall be placed under scientific control and be made to comply with a hygienic régillle which leaves no room for adverse criticism. The confidence of the management in the adequacy of the scientific and sanitary measures adopted at both factory and farm is such that invitations are cordially extended to medical men who may be visiting the Argentine to include in their travels an inspection of the arena of this great and important industry.
I’
Dr. Charles Pollard of Worcester said that cocaine was a proper drug to use in the extraction of teeth and to deaden the pain in the gums. He admitted that it was not a safe drug for an unqualified man to administer. The assistant, John S. Munslow, said that he had extracted teeth for over 20 years and had had frequent cases of " painless extraction." He only used 10 minims of cocaine in this particular case and never used more, and gave four inj ections. The plaintiff was in a very nervous and excited state. He had used the same glass for administering cocaine for the past year. He had always administered cocaine in the oldfashioned way and always should do so. Mr. Malven, chemist in the employ of Messrs. Parke, Davis and Co. manufacturing chemists, London, gave evidence as to the common use of the drug for extracting teeth all over the country and said he had often heard that cases of sickness arose from it. Mr. New said that the decision was of great importance to dental surgeons and others all over the country. The question was whether the administering of the drug for the purpose of "cheap painless extractions" was right and they wished the case to come before that court. His honour said that he came to the conclusion that the cocaine was negligently administered. He gave judgment for 10 guineas.
single complaint.
VITAL STATISTICS. HEALTH OF
ENGLISH TOWNS.
IN 76 of the largest English towns 8317 births and 4312 MEDICINE AND THE LAW. deaths were registered during the week ending Oct. 17th. The annual rate of mortality in these towns, which had been equal to 13’3 and 12 8 per 1000 in the two preceding The Use of Cocaine ioa the Extrcctzo7a qf Teeth. weeks, rose again to 13 9 in the week under notice. A CASE of considerable importance to the dental pro- During the first three weeks of the current quarter the fession was tried before Judge Ingham at Evesbam county annual death-rate in these towns averaged 13 -per 1000, court on Oct. 17th. Thomas Abbott Stanley, auctioneer’s and in London the mean rate in the same period did not clerk of Pershore-road, Hampton, Evesham, claimed from exceed 12’ 1. The lowest annual death-rates in these Walter Joseph Craven, druggist, Bengeworth, Evesham, .f:20 towns last week were 3’4 in Hornsey, 5’0in Leyton, damages for injury to the plaintiff through the negligence of 6’0 in King’s Norton, and 6’99 in East Ham, all being the defendant, his servant or assistant, in the extraction of suburban districts ; the rates in the other towns ranged a tooth and in the application to the gums of the plaintiff of upwards, however, to 22.00 in Huddersfield, 22’4 in In cocaine. Mr. Hosgood appeared for the plaintiff and Mr. G. Swansea, 22-9 in Rochdale, and 27-4 in Bury. New for the defendant. It appeared that the plaintiff had a London the death-rate during the week did not exceed tooth extracted by the defendant’s assistant who administered 11 - 9 per 1000. The 4312 deaths from all causes in the cocaine. Shortly afterwards the plaintiff was taken very ill 76 towns showed an increase of 333 upon the low number indeed and was confined to his bed for over a week. He wrote in the previous week, and included 613 which were " to the defendant, who advertised ’teeth painlessly extracted," referred to the principal epidemic diseases, against numbers that his cocaine had made him very ill and but for the atten- declining from 1343 to 514 in the seven preceding weeks ; of tion paid to him by his mother and sister he (the defendant) these 613 deaths, 430 resulted from diarrhoea, 55 from would have had to answer a very serious charge before the measles, 40 fromfever"(principally enteric), 32 from court, and that Dr. D. Gordon-Evans, who had attended him, diphtheria, 31 from whooping-cough, and 25 from scarlet had said that if he had had a tenth of a grain more cocaine it fever, but not one from small-pox. The deaths referred to would have killed him. The plaintiff said that the defendant’s these epidemic diseases during the week were equal to an assistant Munslow poured the cocaine into a medicine glass annual rate of 2-0per 1000, against a rate of 1’7in and injected it into the gums with a syringe. He then com- each of the three -preceding weeks; in London the deathmenced to extract the tooth but in doing so broke it in two. rate from these diseases last week did not exceed 1 . 2. The witness suffered terrible pain. The assistant injected No death from any of these epidemic diseases was -more cocaine and ultimately got the tooth out. registered last week in Cardiff, Croydon, Hornsey, Newport, afterwards the witness was taken ill and had to go to Ipswich, Bournemouth, Hanley, Hastings, or Great Yarhis mother’s house where he was sick and shivered a lot. mouth ; whereas the annual death-rate therefrom ranged He was put to bed and a medical man was fetched, and upwards in the other large towns to 6’5 in Grimsby, 6.66 in in the meantime the witness became unconscious. He had Warrington, and 8 -2in Rotherham. The deaths attributed to since not been able to do his work so well as formerly diarrhoea in the 76 towns, which had ranged in the eight He had con- preceding weeks from 1134 to 347, rose again last week and he had lost over a stone in weight. sulted a Worcester specialist and his nerves were still very under the influence of higher temperature to 430; the much upset. He was charged 2s. for the painless extrac- highest annual death-rates from this cause during last tion."" Dr. Gordon-Evans said that he found the plaintiff week were 3’7 in Aston Manor 3-8 in Hull, 4’0in in a more or less insensible condition and in an extremely Middlesbrough, 4-4 in Preston, 4-6in Stockport, and 6.55 dangerous state and if it had gone on an hour or so more in Grimsby. The deaths referred to "fever," which had the plaintiff would have died. He was as near death as been 35, 23, and 16 in the three preceding weeks, rose last could be. The witness produced cocaine in tubes, saying that week to 40, and exceeded the number returned in any was the proper way to administer the drug and these contained previous week of this year; they included 11 in London, the proper dose. It was not safe even for a fully qualified three in Liverpool, three in Leeds, and two each in Birmingman to administer cocaine from an open glass, and Munslow ham, Sheffield, and Hull. The 55 fatal cases of measles was not qualified. It was a most dangerous and deadly drug. showed a further increase upon recent weekly numbers, and He thought that the plaintiff’s condition was entirely due to caused annual rates equal to 1-55 in Stockport and Warringcocaine. The plaintiff was formerly a strong, healthy man. ton, 1-88 in Rochdale, and 2’ 5 in Rotherham. The 32 deaths Mr. Craven said that his assistant Munslow was a perfectly from diphtheria exceeded the number in the previous week by competent extractor. of teeth and that he had extracted 487 four; and included 11 in London and two in Gateshead. The teeth between Jan. 1st and August 17th. All these were 31 fatal cases of whooping-cough showed a further decline, "painless extracts," where cocaine was applied without a and were fewer than in any previous week ofthis year; .
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by restoring a tired muscle to activity. The chemistry of meat extract has by no means even now been exhausted, and there are still many constituents present in it which have not been definitely recognised and yet to which it may owe in part its valuable dietetic properties. Hence the arguments which have been put forward against the dietetic use of extract of meat have often received a crushing reply from the favourable results gained in actual practice. The fact, at all events, cannot be ignored that beef extract supplies a distinct human need, as is evidenced by its continued popularity for dietetic purposes for both the sick and the healthy and by the increased demand which has taken place for it during recent years. In view of this demand it is all the more satisfactory that, coming back to the chief purpose and aim of the present inquiry, our Commissioner as the result of his visit is able to report that the concentrated meat products of the Liebig Extract of Meat Company are prepared in strict pursuance of a policy which requires that every process from beginning to end shall be placed under scientific control and be made to comply with a hygienic régillle which leaves no room for adverse criticism. The confidence of the management in the adequacy of the scientific and sanitary measures adopted at both factory and farm is such that invitations are cordially extended to medical men who may be visiting the Argentine to include in their travels an inspection of the arena of this great and important industry.
I’
Dr. Charles Pollard of Worcester said that cocaine was a proper drug to use in the extraction of teeth and to deaden the pain in the gums. He admitted that it was not a safe drug for an unqualified man to administer. The assistant, John S. Munslow, said that he had extracted teeth for over 20 years and had had frequent cases of " painless extraction." He only used 10 minims of cocaine in this particular case and never used more, and gave four inj ections. The plaintiff was in a very nervous and excited state. He had used the same glass for administering cocaine for the past year. He had always administered cocaine in the oldfashioned way and always should do so. Mr. Malven, chemist in the employ of Messrs. Parke, Davis and Co. manufacturing chemists, London, gave evidence as to the common use of the drug for extracting teeth all over the country and said he had often heard that cases of sickness arose from it. Mr. New said that the decision was of great importance to dental surgeons and others all over the country. The question was whether the administering of the drug for the purpose of "cheap painless extractions" was right and they wished the case to come before that court. His honour said that he came to the conclusion that the cocaine was negligently administered. He gave judgment for 10 guineas.
single complaint.
VITAL STATISTICS. HEALTH OF
ENGLISH TOWNS.
IN 76 of the largest English towns 8317 births and 4312 MEDICINE AND THE LAW. deaths were registered during the week ending Oct. 17th. The annual rate of mortality in these towns, which had been equal to 13’3 and 12 8 per 1000 in the two preceding The Use of Cocaine ioa the Extrcctzo7a qf Teeth. weeks, rose again to 13 9 in the week under notice. A CASE of considerable importance to the dental pro- During the first three weeks of the current quarter the fession was tried before Judge Ingham at Evesbam county annual death-rate in these towns averaged 13 -per 1000, court on Oct. 17th. Thomas Abbott Stanley, auctioneer’s and in London the mean rate in the same period did not clerk of Pershore-road, Hampton, Evesham, claimed from exceed 12’ 1. The lowest annual death-rates in these Walter Joseph Craven, druggist, Bengeworth, Evesham, .f:20 towns last week were 3’4 in Hornsey, 5’0in Leyton, damages for injury to the plaintiff through the negligence of 6’0 in King’s Norton, and 6’99 in East Ham, all being the defendant, his servant or assistant, in the extraction of suburban districts ; the rates in the other towns ranged a tooth and in the application to the gums of the plaintiff of upwards, however, to 22.00 in Huddersfield, 22’4 in In cocaine. Mr. Hosgood appeared for the plaintiff and Mr. G. Swansea, 22-9 in Rochdale, and 27-4 in Bury. New for the defendant. It appeared that the plaintiff had a London the death-rate during the week did not exceed tooth extracted by the defendant’s assistant who administered 11 - 9 per 1000. The 4312 deaths from all causes in the cocaine. Shortly afterwards the plaintiff was taken very ill 76 towns showed an increase of 333 upon the low number indeed and was confined to his bed for over a week. He wrote in the previous week, and included 613 which were " to the defendant, who advertised ’teeth painlessly extracted," referred to the principal epidemic diseases, against numbers that his cocaine had made him very ill and but for the atten- declining from 1343 to 514 in the seven preceding weeks ; of tion paid to him by his mother and sister he (the defendant) these 613 deaths, 430 resulted from diarrhoea, 55 from would have had to answer a very serious charge before the measles, 40 fromfever"(principally enteric), 32 from court, and that Dr. D. Gordon-Evans, who had attended him, diphtheria, 31 from whooping-cough, and 25 from scarlet had said that if he had had a tenth of a grain more cocaine it fever, but not one from small-pox. The deaths referred to would have killed him. The plaintiff said that the defendant’s these epidemic diseases during the week were equal to an assistant Munslow poured the cocaine into a medicine glass annual rate of 2-0per 1000, against a rate of 1’7in and injected it into the gums with a syringe. He then com- each of the three -preceding weeks; in London the deathmenced to extract the tooth but in doing so broke it in two. rate from these diseases last week did not exceed 1 . 2. The witness suffered terrible pain. The assistant injected No death from any of these epidemic diseases was -more cocaine and ultimately got the tooth out. registered last week in Cardiff, Croydon, Hornsey, Newport, afterwards the witness was taken ill and had to go to Ipswich, Bournemouth, Hanley, Hastings, or Great Yarhis mother’s house where he was sick and shivered a lot. mouth ; whereas the annual death-rate therefrom ranged He was put to bed and a medical man was fetched, and upwards in the other large towns to 6’5 in Grimsby, 6.66 in in the meantime the witness became unconscious. He had Warrington, and 8 -2in Rotherham. The deaths attributed to since not been able to do his work so well as formerly diarrhoea in the 76 towns, which had ranged in the eight He had con- preceding weeks from 1134 to 347, rose again last week and he had lost over a stone in weight. sulted a Worcester specialist and his nerves were still very under the influence of higher temperature to 430; the much upset. He was charged 2s. for the painless extrac- highest annual death-rates from this cause during last tion."" Dr. Gordon-Evans said that he found the plaintiff week were 3’7 in Aston Manor 3-8 in Hull, 4’0in in a more or less insensible condition and in an extremely Middlesbrough, 4-4 in Preston, 4-6in Stockport, and 6.55 dangerous state and if it had gone on an hour or so more in Grimsby. The deaths referred to "fever," which had the plaintiff would have died. He was as near death as been 35, 23, and 16 in the three preceding weeks, rose last could be. The witness produced cocaine in tubes, saying that week to 40, and exceeded the number returned in any was the proper way to administer the drug and these contained previous week of this year; they included 11 in London, the proper dose. It was not safe even for a fully qualified three in Liverpool, three in Leeds, and two each in Birmingman to administer cocaine from an open glass, and Munslow ham, Sheffield, and Hull. The 55 fatal cases of measles was not qualified. It was a most dangerous and deadly drug. showed a further increase upon recent weekly numbers, and He thought that the plaintiff’s condition was entirely due to caused annual rates equal to 1-55 in Stockport and Warringcocaine. The plaintiff was formerly a strong, healthy man. ton, 1-88 in Rochdale, and 2’ 5 in Rotherham. The 32 deaths Mr. Craven said that his assistant Munslow was a perfectly from diphtheria exceeded the number in the previous week by competent extractor. of teeth and that he had extracted 487 four; and included 11 in London and two in Gateshead. The teeth between Jan. 1st and August 17th. All these were 31 fatal cases of whooping-cough showed a further decline, "painless extracts," where cocaine was applied without a and were fewer than in any previous week ofthis year; .
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