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Memory system analyses in schizophrenia
Poster session III
~ Neuropsychological deficits and the frequency of
BIOL. PSYCHIATRY 1997;42: 15-2975
165-421
organic depression F.M. Reischles. P. Neu. Departmet of Psychiatry, Freie UniversiUJt Berlin.
GermanY
In order to determine the frequency of neuropsychological deficits, which .,. atable In the time course, as Indicators of brain lesions, which contribute 10 lhe deJ)ression, an Investigation of the neuropsychological time course d deP"essed Inpatients was started. The question was, how many of c:onsecutJve admitted depressed patients performed below the range of the c:ontroI group and how many of these remained at this low performance after lhe successful clinical antidepressant therapy. Methocll: The neuropsychological performance of 102 patients with a deJlreSSion disorder was Investigated In the domains of memory (RAVLT, Wechsler Memory Scale Subtest averbal Memory), psychomotor speed (Trajlmaking Test A), verbal fluency (animals) and orientation (Items of the MMSE). 68 patients could be reinvestigated after treatment In remission (BAMS below 10). ResultS: One quarter of the patients performed below the range of the matched control subjects and remained within this low range even after tueeeSSfUI treatment of the depression. Age- sex- and medication effects do not explain the observed stable neuropsychological deficits. Further correlates of organic dysfunction like brain Imaging and EEG data will be
dsc:usse<1
165-4oJ season of birth and non verbal cognitive performance In schizophrenia D. L,eonettI. M.G. Davlde, S. de cataldo, V. 01 Michele, P. De ~o~o, F.Ll ferro. University of Chieti. Department of Psychiatry, Chleti, Italy, Departrn8fII of Mental Health. Pescara. Italy
The present study examined the association between non verbal cognitive performance, assessed by RAVEN coloured matrices task and season of
bi1h. In a sample of not Institutionalized schizophrenic patients.
Melt\ocIl' Fifty-seven subjects gave their Informed consent to participate IIllhe They were assessed by Raven test, C.G.1. (Clinical Global In'VessIon) item: severity of Illness and GAS. (Global Assessment Scale). PabenlI were divided Into two groups according to their date of birth: winter mcnths trom November to April and non-winter months, from May to October. ResultS: One-way ANOVA revealed a significant worse cognitive perfor• mance In winter born schizophrenics: F(1.56): 4.12; P = 0.04. Ho differences In terms of severity of Illness and global level of social . . emerged. Winter bom schizophrenics show neurocognitlve dys~jch seems to be Independent by clinical condition and psychoso• M func;tioning. A factor associated with season of birth affects cerebral \n::tIOnitlg In schizophrenic patients.
studY,
165-41J Memory system analyses In schizophrenia SIngh, K. GoPBI. D. Yohanna, A. De Wolfe. Department of Psychiatry ;., 8B/JBvloraJ SCiences, Chicago, USA
This .uAf examined different components of memory Including explicit, proc:eduI'al. wor1dng, and strategic memory In patients with schizophrenia IIlCI lIec1iVe disorder. ~I" It was hypothesized that patients with schizophrenia would be ~ on' explicit memory, working, and strategic memory tasks because flI ormance on these tasks require development a~d a~plication of ~ cognitive strategies. They would, however, be unimpaired on pro• W!nJXmemory tasks. We administered a test assessing verbal working span. strategic memory tests (Temporal Sequencing, Self-ordered ~ and a modified version of Tower of London test, Verbal Recall), ~Proeeduralleaming (Mirror Tracing & Pursuit Rotor) to 15 schizophre• : :(OSMoN criteria; MMSE Score: 26-30130), 15 patients with a~ective and 15 age. education. and IQ matched norm~1 co~trol sUbJect~. The schizophrenic patients were markedly Impaired on working Aesu "'c memory tests (p < 0.001) but showed normalleaming on pro• IIlCI strat~ tests. These results show that patients with schizophrenia odnI In initiating and developing complex cognitive strategies but fall ::::no in acquiring procedural skills.
c5t0rderit.'
=1CU1ty
l7IS
Mental automatlsms: True biologic correlates or complex linguistic analogies?
P. Hriso, E. Hriso. St. Mary's Hospital. Department of Psychiatry, Hoboken, N.J.• USA ObJective: To determine whether the CI6rambauit's Mental Automatisms are true histo-clinlcal correlates or whether they are elegant analogical descriptions. Method: An analysis was conducted on De CI6rambauit's work with emphasis on the descriptive language of the alieged histologic processes relating to the Automatisms. The authors provide a detailed analysis of these descriptive terms and elicit their value comparison to what we know today of neural phenomena. Result: The Theory of Mental Automatism describes organic processes (Automatlsms) at the base of all psychoses. The term automatism Implies a double meaning (Symptomatic and Histologic). Other terms used by De CI6rambault, have the same property: Irritation, derivations, deviations, bifurcations, extensions, breakthroughs (frayage), Intrusion, Inhibition, Inter• ference, amplification, preferential directions, factitious currents, habits of conduction. Such jargon used to describe the Automatism resemble the lin• guistics used today in the science of neural networks. Even terms I "network" and kindling effects were explicitly described. Conclusion: De Clerambault's works have astonished readers by the originality and the elaborate linguistic style of the descriptions. Based on our modem state of knowledge on neural networks and processes. It appears that the 1920 descriptions of the histo-clinical correlates related to the Automatlsms, may very well reflect reality and can no longer be considered as simple linguistic prowesses.
165-431
Frontal neuropsychological Impairments In schizophrenia
I. Jaquet, Ch. Lanlt0n, P. Auquler, D. Bernard, G. Reine, Th. Bougerol, J.C. Scotto. SHU de Psychiatrie d'Adultes. HtJpital Sts Marguerite. Marseille. France Object: In schizophrenia, the hypothesis of frontal dysfonctlons Is sustained by varius clinical, neuroradiologlcal and neuropsychological observations. We have studied the degree of frontal cognitive impairment in a population of schizophrenic patients according to DSM IV compared to controls. The aim purpose was to study correlations between performances to frontal neuropsychological tests and clinical variables. Method: The clinical variables were: age, duration of the disease, inci• dence of treatments, severity of the Illness (mesured by the PANSS) and subtype of schizophrenia (DSM IV, SOS) The neuropsychological tests used were the 048, the Wisconsin card sorting test, the stroop color word test, the word fluency and a target detection test. The results obtained from this study agree with the occurrence of frontal cognitive Impairments in schizophrenia. Such Impairments are Increased with the age and the duration of the disease.
165-441
Illiteracy and number processing
i. Nimatoudis ' , G. Leltheri, A. Karavatos 2, A. Tzavaras. ' 3rd Psychiatric Clinic, University of Thessa/onikl. Thessaloniki, Greece, 21st Psychiatric Clinic. University of Thessa/onikl, Thessalonlki, Greece Illiterates develop calculation skills and the concept of digits and numbers do exists In their everyday life, although the have never been submitted to a formal leaming. The scope of the study was to Investigate the arithmetical and calculation skills 01 illiterate subjects. 20 female subjects which have never attended school for social reasons were tested using the Calculation battery "E.C. 301 R, illiterates version". The Illiterate's group was compared with a group of literate subjects with no more than 6 years of education. Although on verbal digit tasks both, Illiterates and literates, subjects showed a similar performance, on written digit tasks Illiterates have a dramatically poor (even zero) performance, with the exception of reading (recognize) banknotes. These results are discussed In accordance with the "Triple-code model" of number processing proposed by Dehaune (1992). Reference [I] Oehaune S. (1992). Varieties 01 numerical abilltles. Cognition 44; 1-42
~ Neuropsychological deficits and the frequency of
BIOL. PSYCHIATRY 1997;42: 15-2975
165-421
organic depression F.M. Reischles. P. Neu. Departmet of Psychiatry, Freie UniversiUJt Berlin.
GermanY
In order to determine the frequency of neuropsychological deficits, which .,. atable In the time course, as Indicators of brain lesions, which contribute 10 lhe deJ)ression, an Investigation of the neuropsychological time course d deP"essed Inpatients was started. The question was, how many of c:onsecutJve admitted depressed patients performed below the range of the c:ontroI group and how many of these remained at this low performance after lhe successful clinical antidepressant therapy. Methocll: The neuropsychological performance of 102 patients with a deJlreSSion disorder was Investigated In the domains of memory (RAVLT, Wechsler Memory Scale Subtest averbal Memory), psychomotor speed (Trajlmaking Test A), verbal fluency (animals) and orientation (Items of the MMSE). 68 patients could be reinvestigated after treatment In remission (BAMS below 10). ResultS: One quarter of the patients performed below the range of the matched control subjects and remained within this low range even after tueeeSSfUI treatment of the depression. Age- sex- and medication effects do not explain the observed stable neuropsychological deficits. Further correlates of organic dysfunction like brain Imaging and EEG data will be
dsc:usse<1
165-4oJ season of birth and non verbal cognitive performance In schizophrenia D. L,eonettI. M.G. Davlde, S. de cataldo, V. 01 Michele, P. De ~o~o, F.Ll ferro. University of Chieti. Department of Psychiatry, Chleti, Italy, Departrn8fII of Mental Health. Pescara. Italy
The present study examined the association between non verbal cognitive performance, assessed by RAVEN coloured matrices task and season of
bi1h. In a sample of not Institutionalized schizophrenic patients.
Melt\ocIl' Fifty-seven subjects gave their Informed consent to participate IIllhe They were assessed by Raven test, C.G.1. (Clinical Global In'VessIon) item: severity of Illness and GAS. (Global Assessment Scale). PabenlI were divided Into two groups according to their date of birth: winter mcnths trom November to April and non-winter months, from May to October. ResultS: One-way ANOVA revealed a significant worse cognitive perfor• mance In winter born schizophrenics: F(1.56): 4.12; P = 0.04. Ho differences In terms of severity of Illness and global level of social . . emerged. Winter bom schizophrenics show neurocognitlve dys~jch seems to be Independent by clinical condition and psychoso• M func;tioning. A factor associated with season of birth affects cerebral \n::tIOnitlg In schizophrenic patients.
studY,
165-41J Memory system analyses In schizophrenia SIngh, K. GoPBI. D. Yohanna, A. De Wolfe. Department of Psychiatry ;., 8B/JBvloraJ SCiences, Chicago, USA
This .uAf examined different components of memory Including explicit, proc:eduI'al. wor1dng, and strategic memory In patients with schizophrenia IIlCI lIec1iVe disorder. ~I" It was hypothesized that patients with schizophrenia would be ~ on' explicit memory, working, and strategic memory tasks because flI ormance on these tasks require development a~d a~plication of ~ cognitive strategies. They would, however, be unimpaired on pro• W!nJXmemory tasks. We administered a test assessing verbal working span. strategic memory tests (Temporal Sequencing, Self-ordered ~ and a modified version of Tower of London test, Verbal Recall), ~Proeeduralleaming (Mirror Tracing & Pursuit Rotor) to 15 schizophre• : :(OSMoN criteria; MMSE Score: 26-30130), 15 patients with a~ective and 15 age. education. and IQ matched norm~1 co~trol sUbJect~. The schizophrenic patients were markedly Impaired on working Aesu "'c memory tests (p < 0.001) but showed normalleaming on pro• IIlCI strat~ tests. These results show that patients with schizophrenia odnI In initiating and developing complex cognitive strategies but fall ::::no in acquiring procedural skills.
c5t0rderit.'
=1CU1ty
l7IS
Mental automatlsms: True biologic correlates or complex linguistic analogies?
P. Hriso, E. Hriso. St. Mary's Hospital. Department of Psychiatry, Hoboken, N.J.• USA ObJective: To determine whether the CI6rambauit's Mental Automatisms are true histo-clinlcal correlates or whether they are elegant analogical descriptions. Method: An analysis was conducted on De CI6rambauit's work with emphasis on the descriptive language of the alieged histologic processes relating to the Automatisms. The authors provide a detailed analysis of these descriptive terms and elicit their value comparison to what we know today of neural phenomena. Result: The Theory of Mental Automatism describes organic processes (Automatlsms) at the base of all psychoses. The term automatism Implies a double meaning (Symptomatic and Histologic). Other terms used by De CI6rambault, have the same property: Irritation, derivations, deviations, bifurcations, extensions, breakthroughs (frayage), Intrusion, Inhibition, Inter• ference, amplification, preferential directions, factitious currents, habits of conduction. Such jargon used to describe the Automatism resemble the lin• guistics used today in the science of neural networks. Even terms I "network" and kindling effects were explicitly described. Conclusion: De Clerambault's works have astonished readers by the originality and the elaborate linguistic style of the descriptions. Based on our modem state of knowledge on neural networks and processes. It appears that the 1920 descriptions of the histo-clinical correlates related to the Automatlsms, may very well reflect reality and can no longer be considered as simple linguistic prowesses.
165-431
Frontal neuropsychological Impairments In schizophrenia
I. Jaquet, Ch. Lanlt0n, P. Auquler, D. Bernard, G. Reine, Th. Bougerol, J.C. Scotto. SHU de Psychiatrie d'Adultes. HtJpital Sts Marguerite. Marseille. France Object: In schizophrenia, the hypothesis of frontal dysfonctlons Is sustained by varius clinical, neuroradiologlcal and neuropsychological observations. We have studied the degree of frontal cognitive impairment in a population of schizophrenic patients according to DSM IV compared to controls. The aim purpose was to study correlations between performances to frontal neuropsychological tests and clinical variables. Method: The clinical variables were: age, duration of the disease, inci• dence of treatments, severity of the Illness (mesured by the PANSS) and subtype of schizophrenia (DSM IV, SOS) The neuropsychological tests used were the 048, the Wisconsin card sorting test, the stroop color word test, the word fluency and a target detection test. The results obtained from this study agree with the occurrence of frontal cognitive Impairments in schizophrenia. Such Impairments are Increased with the age and the duration of the disease.
165-441
Illiteracy and number processing
i. Nimatoudis ' , G. Leltheri, A. Karavatos 2, A. Tzavaras. ' 3rd Psychiatric Clinic, University of Thessa/onikl. Thessaloniki, Greece, 21st Psychiatric Clinic. University of Thessa/onikl, Thessalonlki, Greece Illiterates develop calculation skills and the concept of digits and numbers do exists In their everyday life, although the have never been submitted to a formal leaming. The scope of the study was to Investigate the arithmetical and calculation skills 01 illiterate subjects. 20 female subjects which have never attended school for social reasons were tested using the Calculation battery "E.C. 301 R, illiterates version". The Illiterate's group was compared with a group of literate subjects with no more than 6 years of education. Although on verbal digit tasks both, Illiterates and literates, subjects showed a similar performance, on written digit tasks Illiterates have a dramatically poor (even zero) performance, with the exception of reading (recognize) banknotes. These results are discussed In accordance with the "Triple-code model" of number processing proposed by Dehaune (1992). Reference [I] Oehaune S. (1992). Varieties 01 numerical abilltles. Cognition 44; 1-42