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‘Mentha Mitra’—An android app based advisory digital tool for menthol mint farmers
Industrial Crops & Products 144 (2020) 112047
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Industrial Crops & Products journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/indcrop
Short communication
‘Mentha Mitra’—An android app based advisory digital tool for menthol mint farmers
T
Prabal P. Singha,1, Praveen Pandeya,1, Deepak Singha, Swati Singha, Mohammad Saleem Khana,b, Manoj Semwala,b,* a b
Information and Communication Technology Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015, India Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
A R T I C LE I N FO
A B S T R A C T
Keywords: Mentha Mitra Mentha arvensis L. Mobile app Android ICT
Medicinal and aromatic crop cultivation by the small and marginal farmers not only increases their income, but also acts as insurance crops against the climate extremes. Amongst the aromatic crops, menthol mint (Mentha arvensis L.) is an important short duration (90–110 days) cash crop extensively grown in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. However, its farming is becoming less profitable due to lack of scientific knowledge, pest attacks, disease infestations, high water requirement and introduction of synthetic menthol in the market. It is apparent that the dissemination of the institutional scientific expertise on the menthol mint crop agro-technologies through the available information and communication technology tools would help in increasing the essential oil yields, on one hand and reduce their input cost on the other. CSIR-CIMAP has developed a bilingual (English and Hindi) android mobile application ‘Mentha Mitra’ for the menthol mint growers. This mobile application provides information on improved high yielding varieties, crop related diseases, insects, pests and improved distillation units. It also provides an interactive platform for the farmers to obtain the scientific eadvisories for the menthol mint crop during its growing season with an aim to increase their crop productivity and profit margins.
1. Introduction The world is witnessing rapid pace in novel scientific progress and technological development leading to a large number of innovations and disruption in markets. These technologies are useful for crop modeling, yield prediction, weather forecasting, disease detection, fertilizer application, market trading and farming practices. Farmer’s socio-economic conditions can be improved by making them aware about the good agricultural practices developed by the researchers and ensuring that they adopt these agricultural practices (Pongnumkul et al., 2015). The rise in global demand for menthol mint has exponentially increased its cultivation and also the export potential of menthol mint oil. Currently, India is the leading producer and exporter of menthol mint oil with 80 percent share alone in the global market (Padalia et al., 2013; Vimal, 2014) followed by China, Brazil and USA. The economic sustainability of menthol mint farming relies on the profitability of this crop among smallholders (Singh et al., 2011; Kumar et al., 2011). With the advent of synthetic menthol coupled with climatic extremes, this crop is becoming less profitable. Moreover, the
lack of scientific knowledge, pest attacks, disease infestations and high water requirement in this crop have added to the loss of profits among the farmers, thus waning their interest in this crop. It is now apparent that the dissemination of the institutional scientific expertise on the menthol mint crop agro-technologies by using the ICT tools would not only help in making the farmers aware of the good agricultural practises, but also reduces the input costs for the farmers and increases the net profit. These technologies help in providing near real time information to the farmers based on their need enabling them to take right decisions. Integration of ICT in agriculture using mobile apps has immense potential in sustainable agriculture (Bhaskar et al., 2017; Deobhanj, 2018). Boosted with improved connectivity, reliability and user-friendliness, the mobile apps have revolutionized the information dissemination and involvement of the stakeholders globally. Though, a large number of mobile apps are available for agricultural needs; there is no mobile application for medicinal and aromatic crops agri-commodity, so far. CSIR-CIMAP has developed an android based mobile app ‘Mentha Mitra’, which provides accurate, timely and reliable information to menthol mint farmers to
⁎
Corresponding author. E-mail address: [email protected] (M. Semwal). 1 These authors contributed equally to this work. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2019.112047 Received 11 October 2019; Received in revised form 10 December 2019; Accepted 12 December 2019 0926-6690/ © 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Industrial Crops & Products 144 (2020) 112047
P.P. Singh, et al.
Fig. 1. ‘Mentha Mitra’ mobile application: Graphical User Interface (A) English (B) Hindi.
speech to text has been incorporated for voice related inputs, to fill up the various forms. We also have used Google Map API, GPS tracker for displaying various maps, places and location based services.
enable them to obtain higher yields by participatory approach among the various stakeholders i.e., farmers and scientists. This app is freely available at the Google play store (https://play.google.com/store/ apps/details?id = com.cimap.myplaceapi&hl = en).
3. Results and discussion 2. Material and methods
3.1. ‘Mentha Mitra’ application dashboard
‘Mentha Mitra’ is a bilingual (English and Hindi) mobile application (Fig. 1) which has been developed using android software development kit (SDK 3.1.3). SDK collect java programming language and XML (eXtensible Markup Language) for writing the code in android. Designing the form in XML; the geo-coordinates, video, imagery, disease and insect related information uploaded to the server and mobile users can access these data. The application has also been configured on the server kept at the data center of institute for data storage and management. The data flow chart and schematic diagram of different modules of ‘Mentha Mitra’ is given in Fig. 2 and schema in Fig. 3. As the application is to be used by the farmers, feature which converts the
Registration of the farmers is compulsorily required for accessing the various advisories and information’s being provided by the mobile application. Successful registration of the mobile application provides a dashboard to the user wherein he can navigate for obtaining information and advisories on the CSIR- CIMAP scientific knowledgebase available on menthol mint Varieties, Insect-Pests, Disease, Distillation Unit, Video Clip, Scientific Advisory, Notification, and FAQs. 3.2. Crop advisories At present, India is the world's largest producer and exporter of menthol mint oil and the contribution of CSIR-CIMAP in achieving this position have been acknowledged nationally and internationally at various platforms. The main factors in achieving this goal have been the various improved high yielding varieties developed by the institute which could be fit easily in the existing cropping system and are short duration (90–110 days), grown in warm dry weather prevalent during the summer months from March to June in state of Uttar Pradesh. These varieties provide the farmers an extra crop and income by adopting menthol mint cultivation (Khan et al., 2019) in their existing cropping system. The ‘Mentha Mitra’ app provides the information regarding the improved menthol mint varieties (http://intranet.cimap.res.in/cimvariety/showcultiver.aspx?cid = 21) along with their specific characteristics, suitability and features (Fig. 4A). Farmers in every region of the world struggle to protect their crops from insect-pests and diseases. The reason behind this is lack of awareness, unavailability of timely information, inadequate knowledge of control strategies etc. Menthol mint crop has been prone to attacked by many insect-pests (Fig. 4B). Globally, about 20–40 % economic loss may occur depending on severity. Insects and pests are responsible for destruction of the one fifth of the world's total crop production every year (Sallam, 2013). Vulnerability to various diseases (fungal, bacterial, nematode, viral, etc., Fig. 4C) enforces significant production constraints that affect both yield and overall quality of menthol mint oils. Chemical control, however, appears more attractive if the pathogen is present in the planting
Fig. 2. Schematic diagram of different modules of ‘Mentha Mitra’ mobile application. 2
Industrial Crops & Products 144 (2020) 112047
P.P. Singh, et al.
Fig. 3. Schema of ‘Mentha Mitra’ mobile application.
diseases and insect-pests through the mobile application. Using the feedback option, any disease which has not been digitized in the app as well as any insect-pest which the farmer is unable to recognize, can be submitted along with the photo and comments for obtaining scientific advisories (Fig. 5).The user (farmer) submits through the feedback
material and only a relatively small nursery area is treated to produce a healthy, disease-free seeding material. Disease prevention strategies included crop rotation, use of healthy and disease free planting material, seed treatment, resistant varieties and use of bio-pesticides. An interactive feature has been provided for reporting on any 3
Industrial Crops & Products 144 (2020) 112047
P.P. Singh, et al.
Fig. 4. Details of ‘Mentha Mitra’ application module: (A) varieties (B) insect-pests (C) diseases.
future referencing and other mobile application users also get benefitted by this new advisory.
section to the server database. Once the information is received at the server, it is made available through the dashboard to the concerned scientist for obtaining his comments and suggestions. The expert also provides suitable advisories through the dashboard to the application server. Once this information is provided, then it is pushed back to the user as a notification, which can be viewed in the history section by the user. Moreover, this interaction gets inserted into the database for
3.3. Distillation unit The purpose of this feature is to make the user aware of the flaws in the local distillation units which results in poor oil quality, quantity
Fig. 5. Schematic diagram of feedback section in insect-pest & disease module of Mentha Mitra’ mobile application. 4
Industrial Crops & Products 144 (2020) 112047
P.P. Singh, et al.
Fig. 6. Schematic representation of processing of menthol mint herb.
CRediT authorship contribution statement
(10–15 % loss), more fuel consumption, pollution in the work area, time consuming (5−6 h) and tanks bursting incidents. CSIR-CIMAP has developed improved scientific distillation unit, which addresses the shortcomings and flaws of the locally assembled units. The improved distillation unit takes lesser time in distillation and thus saves about 20–30 % of fuel, providing good quality oil acceptable to the industry. The processing of the menthol mint herbage is done using the distillation units, wherein, the oil is obtained after condensation of the steam. Schematic representation of processing of menthol mint herbage detailing the oil extraction process is also included (Fig. 6). During the crop harvesting period, the farmers sometimes face difficulty in getting the oil distilled due to non availability of distillation units. Hence, a feature to register the geo-tagged distillation unit along with the contact number has also been provided in this mobile app, so that the farmer in times of need can easily geo-locate the nearby available distillation units. About 250 farmers have registered their distillation units in the app.
Prabal P. Singh: Software, Visualization, Data curation. Praveen Pandey: Data curation, Writing - original draft. Deepak Singh: Software, Validation. Swati Singh: Data curation. Mohammad Saleem Khan: Writing - original draft. Manoj Semwal: Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing - review & editing. Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. Acknowledgements The authors are thankful to the Director CSIR- CIMAP, Lucknow, U.P. for providing necessary facilities and CSIR Aroma Mission (HCP0007) for funding the development. References
4. Conclusion Bhaskar, G., Murthy, L., Sharma, V.P., 2017. Mobile apps empowering farmers. Ext. Dig. 1, 3–35. Deobhanj, S., 2018. The story of the rice expert exploring new vistas of science communication. J. Sci. Temper. 6, 137–152. Khan, M.S., Semwal, M., Sharma, A., Verma, R.K., 2019. An artificial neural network model for estimating Mentha crop biomass yield using Landsat 8 OLI. Precis. Agric. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11119-019-09655-9. Kumar, S., Suresh, R., Singh, V., Singh, A.K., 2011. Economic analysis of menthol mint cultivation in Uttar Pradesh: a case study of Barabanki district. Agric. Econ. Res. Rev. 24, 345–350. Padalia, R.C., Verma, R.S., Chauhan, A., Sundaresan, V., Chanotiya, C.S., 2013. Essential oil composition of sixteen elite cultivars of Mentha from western Himalayan region, India. Maejo. Int. J. Sci. Technol. 7, 83–93. Pongnumkul, S., Chaovalit, P., Surasvadi, N., 2015. Applications of smartphone-based sensors in agriculture: a systematic review of research. J. Sens. https://doi.org/10. 1155/2015/195308. Sallam, M.N., 2013. Insect Damage: Damage on Post-harvest. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations pp 38. Singh, M., Singh, A., Singh, S., Ram, M., 2011. Evaluation of alternate menthol mint (Mentha arvensis L.) based intensive cropping systems for Indo-Gangetic plains of north India. Arch. Agron. Soil. Sci. 58, 411–421. Vimal, S., 2014. Profitability of mentha oil futures for farmers. Int. J. Manage. 2, 44–48.
The ‘Mentha Mitra’ application offers timely information of improved menthol mint varieties, nutrients requirements, diseases and insect-pests control mechanism and distillation units nearby farmers which will be very helpful in terms of getting maximum yield and economic return. Within five months of release more than 1500 farmers have downloaded this app and being benefited by regularly asking for suggestions related to various problems like disease, insects, weeds, fertilizers and others crop management practices. Though, great efforts have been taken in the app development for inclusion of most of the constraints and solutions which affect menthol mint yield. Near future on the basis of valuable feedback and comments of the user community we will enhance the quality and performance of the app and also with integration of some additional features and utilities such as weather forecasting data, market price trend to make it more robust and widely acceptable among menthol mint farming communities. 5
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Industrial Crops & Products journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/indcrop
Short communication
‘Mentha Mitra’—An android app based advisory digital tool for menthol mint farmers
T
Prabal P. Singha,1, Praveen Pandeya,1, Deepak Singha, Swati Singha, Mohammad Saleem Khana,b, Manoj Semwala,b,* a b
Information and Communication Technology Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015, India Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
A R T I C LE I N FO
A B S T R A C T
Keywords: Mentha Mitra Mentha arvensis L. Mobile app Android ICT
Medicinal and aromatic crop cultivation by the small and marginal farmers not only increases their income, but also acts as insurance crops against the climate extremes. Amongst the aromatic crops, menthol mint (Mentha arvensis L.) is an important short duration (90–110 days) cash crop extensively grown in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. However, its farming is becoming less profitable due to lack of scientific knowledge, pest attacks, disease infestations, high water requirement and introduction of synthetic menthol in the market. It is apparent that the dissemination of the institutional scientific expertise on the menthol mint crop agro-technologies through the available information and communication technology tools would help in increasing the essential oil yields, on one hand and reduce their input cost on the other. CSIR-CIMAP has developed a bilingual (English and Hindi) android mobile application ‘Mentha Mitra’ for the menthol mint growers. This mobile application provides information on improved high yielding varieties, crop related diseases, insects, pests and improved distillation units. It also provides an interactive platform for the farmers to obtain the scientific eadvisories for the menthol mint crop during its growing season with an aim to increase their crop productivity and profit margins.
1. Introduction The world is witnessing rapid pace in novel scientific progress and technological development leading to a large number of innovations and disruption in markets. These technologies are useful for crop modeling, yield prediction, weather forecasting, disease detection, fertilizer application, market trading and farming practices. Farmer’s socio-economic conditions can be improved by making them aware about the good agricultural practices developed by the researchers and ensuring that they adopt these agricultural practices (Pongnumkul et al., 2015). The rise in global demand for menthol mint has exponentially increased its cultivation and also the export potential of menthol mint oil. Currently, India is the leading producer and exporter of menthol mint oil with 80 percent share alone in the global market (Padalia et al., 2013; Vimal, 2014) followed by China, Brazil and USA. The economic sustainability of menthol mint farming relies on the profitability of this crop among smallholders (Singh et al., 2011; Kumar et al., 2011). With the advent of synthetic menthol coupled with climatic extremes, this crop is becoming less profitable. Moreover, the
lack of scientific knowledge, pest attacks, disease infestations and high water requirement in this crop have added to the loss of profits among the farmers, thus waning their interest in this crop. It is now apparent that the dissemination of the institutional scientific expertise on the menthol mint crop agro-technologies by using the ICT tools would not only help in making the farmers aware of the good agricultural practises, but also reduces the input costs for the farmers and increases the net profit. These technologies help in providing near real time information to the farmers based on their need enabling them to take right decisions. Integration of ICT in agriculture using mobile apps has immense potential in sustainable agriculture (Bhaskar et al., 2017; Deobhanj, 2018). Boosted with improved connectivity, reliability and user-friendliness, the mobile apps have revolutionized the information dissemination and involvement of the stakeholders globally. Though, a large number of mobile apps are available for agricultural needs; there is no mobile application for medicinal and aromatic crops agri-commodity, so far. CSIR-CIMAP has developed an android based mobile app ‘Mentha Mitra’, which provides accurate, timely and reliable information to menthol mint farmers to
⁎
Corresponding author. E-mail address: [email protected] (M. Semwal). 1 These authors contributed equally to this work. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2019.112047 Received 11 October 2019; Received in revised form 10 December 2019; Accepted 12 December 2019 0926-6690/ © 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Industrial Crops & Products 144 (2020) 112047
P.P. Singh, et al.
Fig. 1. ‘Mentha Mitra’ mobile application: Graphical User Interface (A) English (B) Hindi.
speech to text has been incorporated for voice related inputs, to fill up the various forms. We also have used Google Map API, GPS tracker for displaying various maps, places and location based services.
enable them to obtain higher yields by participatory approach among the various stakeholders i.e., farmers and scientists. This app is freely available at the Google play store (https://play.google.com/store/ apps/details?id = com.cimap.myplaceapi&hl = en).
3. Results and discussion 2. Material and methods
3.1. ‘Mentha Mitra’ application dashboard
‘Mentha Mitra’ is a bilingual (English and Hindi) mobile application (Fig. 1) which has been developed using android software development kit (SDK 3.1.3). SDK collect java programming language and XML (eXtensible Markup Language) for writing the code in android. Designing the form in XML; the geo-coordinates, video, imagery, disease and insect related information uploaded to the server and mobile users can access these data. The application has also been configured on the server kept at the data center of institute for data storage and management. The data flow chart and schematic diagram of different modules of ‘Mentha Mitra’ is given in Fig. 2 and schema in Fig. 3. As the application is to be used by the farmers, feature which converts the
Registration of the farmers is compulsorily required for accessing the various advisories and information’s being provided by the mobile application. Successful registration of the mobile application provides a dashboard to the user wherein he can navigate for obtaining information and advisories on the CSIR- CIMAP scientific knowledgebase available on menthol mint Varieties, Insect-Pests, Disease, Distillation Unit, Video Clip, Scientific Advisory, Notification, and FAQs. 3.2. Crop advisories At present, India is the world's largest producer and exporter of menthol mint oil and the contribution of CSIR-CIMAP in achieving this position have been acknowledged nationally and internationally at various platforms. The main factors in achieving this goal have been the various improved high yielding varieties developed by the institute which could be fit easily in the existing cropping system and are short duration (90–110 days), grown in warm dry weather prevalent during the summer months from March to June in state of Uttar Pradesh. These varieties provide the farmers an extra crop and income by adopting menthol mint cultivation (Khan et al., 2019) in their existing cropping system. The ‘Mentha Mitra’ app provides the information regarding the improved menthol mint varieties (http://intranet.cimap.res.in/cimvariety/showcultiver.aspx?cid = 21) along with their specific characteristics, suitability and features (Fig. 4A). Farmers in every region of the world struggle to protect their crops from insect-pests and diseases. The reason behind this is lack of awareness, unavailability of timely information, inadequate knowledge of control strategies etc. Menthol mint crop has been prone to attacked by many insect-pests (Fig. 4B). Globally, about 20–40 % economic loss may occur depending on severity. Insects and pests are responsible for destruction of the one fifth of the world's total crop production every year (Sallam, 2013). Vulnerability to various diseases (fungal, bacterial, nematode, viral, etc., Fig. 4C) enforces significant production constraints that affect both yield and overall quality of menthol mint oils. Chemical control, however, appears more attractive if the pathogen is present in the planting
Fig. 2. Schematic diagram of different modules of ‘Mentha Mitra’ mobile application. 2
Industrial Crops & Products 144 (2020) 112047
P.P. Singh, et al.
Fig. 3. Schema of ‘Mentha Mitra’ mobile application.
diseases and insect-pests through the mobile application. Using the feedback option, any disease which has not been digitized in the app as well as any insect-pest which the farmer is unable to recognize, can be submitted along with the photo and comments for obtaining scientific advisories (Fig. 5).The user (farmer) submits through the feedback
material and only a relatively small nursery area is treated to produce a healthy, disease-free seeding material. Disease prevention strategies included crop rotation, use of healthy and disease free planting material, seed treatment, resistant varieties and use of bio-pesticides. An interactive feature has been provided for reporting on any 3
Industrial Crops & Products 144 (2020) 112047
P.P. Singh, et al.
Fig. 4. Details of ‘Mentha Mitra’ application module: (A) varieties (B) insect-pests (C) diseases.
future referencing and other mobile application users also get benefitted by this new advisory.
section to the server database. Once the information is received at the server, it is made available through the dashboard to the concerned scientist for obtaining his comments and suggestions. The expert also provides suitable advisories through the dashboard to the application server. Once this information is provided, then it is pushed back to the user as a notification, which can be viewed in the history section by the user. Moreover, this interaction gets inserted into the database for
3.3. Distillation unit The purpose of this feature is to make the user aware of the flaws in the local distillation units which results in poor oil quality, quantity
Fig. 5. Schematic diagram of feedback section in insect-pest & disease module of Mentha Mitra’ mobile application. 4
Industrial Crops & Products 144 (2020) 112047
P.P. Singh, et al.
Fig. 6. Schematic representation of processing of menthol mint herb.
CRediT authorship contribution statement
(10–15 % loss), more fuel consumption, pollution in the work area, time consuming (5−6 h) and tanks bursting incidents. CSIR-CIMAP has developed improved scientific distillation unit, which addresses the shortcomings and flaws of the locally assembled units. The improved distillation unit takes lesser time in distillation and thus saves about 20–30 % of fuel, providing good quality oil acceptable to the industry. The processing of the menthol mint herbage is done using the distillation units, wherein, the oil is obtained after condensation of the steam. Schematic representation of processing of menthol mint herbage detailing the oil extraction process is also included (Fig. 6). During the crop harvesting period, the farmers sometimes face difficulty in getting the oil distilled due to non availability of distillation units. Hence, a feature to register the geo-tagged distillation unit along with the contact number has also been provided in this mobile app, so that the farmer in times of need can easily geo-locate the nearby available distillation units. About 250 farmers have registered their distillation units in the app.
Prabal P. Singh: Software, Visualization, Data curation. Praveen Pandey: Data curation, Writing - original draft. Deepak Singh: Software, Validation. Swati Singh: Data curation. Mohammad Saleem Khan: Writing - original draft. Manoj Semwal: Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing - review & editing. Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. Acknowledgements The authors are thankful to the Director CSIR- CIMAP, Lucknow, U.P. for providing necessary facilities and CSIR Aroma Mission (HCP0007) for funding the development. References
4. Conclusion Bhaskar, G., Murthy, L., Sharma, V.P., 2017. Mobile apps empowering farmers. Ext. Dig. 1, 3–35. Deobhanj, S., 2018. The story of the rice expert exploring new vistas of science communication. J. Sci. Temper. 6, 137–152. Khan, M.S., Semwal, M., Sharma, A., Verma, R.K., 2019. An artificial neural network model for estimating Mentha crop biomass yield using Landsat 8 OLI. Precis. Agric. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11119-019-09655-9. Kumar, S., Suresh, R., Singh, V., Singh, A.K., 2011. Economic analysis of menthol mint cultivation in Uttar Pradesh: a case study of Barabanki district. Agric. Econ. Res. Rev. 24, 345–350. Padalia, R.C., Verma, R.S., Chauhan, A., Sundaresan, V., Chanotiya, C.S., 2013. Essential oil composition of sixteen elite cultivars of Mentha from western Himalayan region, India. Maejo. Int. J. Sci. Technol. 7, 83–93. Pongnumkul, S., Chaovalit, P., Surasvadi, N., 2015. Applications of smartphone-based sensors in agriculture: a systematic review of research. J. Sens. https://doi.org/10. 1155/2015/195308. Sallam, M.N., 2013. Insect Damage: Damage on Post-harvest. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations pp 38. Singh, M., Singh, A., Singh, S., Ram, M., 2011. Evaluation of alternate menthol mint (Mentha arvensis L.) based intensive cropping systems for Indo-Gangetic plains of north India. Arch. Agron. Soil. Sci. 58, 411–421. Vimal, S., 2014. Profitability of mentha oil futures for farmers. Int. J. Manage. 2, 44–48.
The ‘Mentha Mitra’ application offers timely information of improved menthol mint varieties, nutrients requirements, diseases and insect-pests control mechanism and distillation units nearby farmers which will be very helpful in terms of getting maximum yield and economic return. Within five months of release more than 1500 farmers have downloaded this app and being benefited by regularly asking for suggestions related to various problems like disease, insects, weeds, fertilizers and others crop management practices. Though, great efforts have been taken in the app development for inclusion of most of the constraints and solutions which affect menthol mint yield. Near future on the basis of valuable feedback and comments of the user community we will enhance the quality and performance of the app and also with integration of some additional features and utilities such as weather forecasting data, market price trend to make it more robust and widely acceptable among menthol mint farming communities. 5