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Metabolic profile of moderate-intensity interval swimming
S156
Thursday 1 November Posters / Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 15 (2012) S127–S187
376 Are there relationships between in game performance and fitness of adolescent Netballers? S. Papalia ∗ , D. Shorrocks, C. Phillips University of Western Sydney Introduction: Research needs to bring together fitness testing results and game analysis studies to formulate sports specific fitness training programs. This requires valid sport specific fitness assessment protocols. This is not possible with adolescent Netballers as relationships between fitness results and game performance remain relatively unknown. Aim: This study sought to determine the relationships between fitness test results and game performance of adolescent Netballers at a regional academy of sport level, in order to inform the choice and use of fitness tests. Methods: Participants were Netball players of regional academy of sport level, 13 players, mean age 16.1 yrs, completed all aspects of the study. Participants took part in a game of Netball game playing in the same position throughout the game. The game was videotaped and video analyzed for each individual player. Cumulative and mean durations of standing, walking, jogging, running, sprinting and shuffling; number of jumps; number and types of passes; number of left and right changes of direction grouped by angle of change. Fitness measurements included ISAK restricted profile anthropometry, 7 stage abdominal strength, sit & reach, vertical jump (Vertec), upper body push up endurance, 1 RM squat (Smith Machine), speed over 3, 5 & 10 m and 505 agility test both using light gates plus the Beep Test. Correlation analysis was used to determine relationships. Level of significance was set at <0.05. Results: Significant relationships were found between anthropometric variables and game performance variables. Games performance variables were also significantly correlated to sit & reach, upper body endurance, 1 RM squat, agility and abdominal strength. Visual inspection of significant relationships graphs indicates they may be influence by playing position. Discussion/conclusions: Relationships between fitness test results and movement patterns appears to be at least partially related to position of play, however the current study did not have sufficient statistical power to investigate this. Study findings may also have been influenced by: the relative lack of variation in fitness and levels of play of the participants; the possibility that the participants could be at fitness levels that were already at or above threshold levels required for their level of play. It is concluded that more research, which separates data by position of play, should be conducted with a participant population of greater range in Netball performance level before final recommendations on testing regimes in adolescent Netball are made. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2012.11.379 377 Metabolic profile of moderate-intensity interval swimming Y. Shimoyama 1,∗ , D. Sato 1 , Y. Baba 1 , T. Wada 2 1 2
Niigata University of Health and Welfare Kokushikan University
Introduction: The interval swimming at moderate-intensity has been widely used for endurance training in competitive swimming. Although there have been several studies of the metabolic profile during continuous swimming, few studies have attempted to investigate the metabolic profile during interval swimming. The
purpose of this study was to evaluate the aerobic and the anaerobic energy release systems during moderate-intensity interval swimming in male competitive swimmers. Methods: All experimental measurements were conducted in a swimming flume. The subjects performed 10 minutes continuous swimming test (CON), and two types of the interval swimming tests (10 bouts of 1 minute swim) with rest periods of 20 seconds (INT20) and 30 seconds (INT30). During these tests, each subject swam at the velocity of blood lactate accumulation of 4 mmol/L, which were estimated individually from the sub-maximal progressive swimming. Blood lactate accumulation was measured at the end of each trial. Expired gas was collected during the swimming and rest periods to estimate the oxygen demand, accumulated oxygen uptake and oxygen deficit. The oxygen deficit at each swimming period during INT20 and INT30 was taken as the difference between the estimated oxygen demand and the actual oxygen uptake. Results and discussion: Blood lactate accumulation was significantly higher (p<.05) in CON than that in INT20 and INT30. There were no significant difference in blood lactate accumulation between INT20 and INT30. Significant differences (p<.05) were observed among the accumulated oxygen uptake (CON > INT20 > INT30) and the accumulated oxygen deficit (INT30 > INT20 > CON). The ratio of relative aerobic and anaerobic energy release systems corresponds to the ratio of absolute accumulated oxygen uptake and oxygen deficit. Therefore, these results suggest that metabolic profile of moderate-intensity interval swimming would be significantly influenced by difference of 10 seconds in the rest period. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2012.11.380 378 Position of play differences in fitness and anthropometry of adolescent Netballers D. Shorrocks ∗ , S. Papalia, C. Phillips University of Western Sydney Introduction: Netball player fitness is an acknowledged contributor to performance. Fitness testing is routine for many teams. Norms for adult players are available across a range of abilities. However for adolescents published fitness data is largely nonexistent except for the elite level. Additionally it is not yet know whether such goals should differ according to position of play. Aim: This study sought to determine if fitness of talent development quad adolescent netballers differed with position of play whilst adding to the information available on fitness of adolescent Netballers. Methods: Participants in the study were 16 female Netball players of regional academy of sport level, mean age 16.1 yrs (SD 0.7). Participants were classified according to position of play as Attack (n = 5) players who played in goal attack or goal shooter position, Center (n = 6) players who played wing attack, wing defense or center; or Defense (n = 5) if they played goal keeper or goal defense. Measurements included ISAK restricted profile anthropometry, 7 stage abdominal strength, sit & reach, vertical jump (Vertec), upper body push up endurance, 1 RM squat (Smith Machine), speed over 3, 5 & 10 m and 505 agility test both using light gates plus the Beep Test. T-Tests were used to investigate differences between the positions. Level of significance was set at <0.05. Results: Mean height of the Center players of 1.65 m was significantly shorter than both Attack (1.73 m) and Defense (1.74 m) players, there were no other differences in anthropometry. In terms of fitness, Defense players achieved stage 6 or 7 in the abdominal
Thursday 1 November Posters / Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 15 (2012) S127–S187
376 Are there relationships between in game performance and fitness of adolescent Netballers? S. Papalia ∗ , D. Shorrocks, C. Phillips University of Western Sydney Introduction: Research needs to bring together fitness testing results and game analysis studies to formulate sports specific fitness training programs. This requires valid sport specific fitness assessment protocols. This is not possible with adolescent Netballers as relationships between fitness results and game performance remain relatively unknown. Aim: This study sought to determine the relationships between fitness test results and game performance of adolescent Netballers at a regional academy of sport level, in order to inform the choice and use of fitness tests. Methods: Participants were Netball players of regional academy of sport level, 13 players, mean age 16.1 yrs, completed all aspects of the study. Participants took part in a game of Netball game playing in the same position throughout the game. The game was videotaped and video analyzed for each individual player. Cumulative and mean durations of standing, walking, jogging, running, sprinting and shuffling; number of jumps; number and types of passes; number of left and right changes of direction grouped by angle of change. Fitness measurements included ISAK restricted profile anthropometry, 7 stage abdominal strength, sit & reach, vertical jump (Vertec), upper body push up endurance, 1 RM squat (Smith Machine), speed over 3, 5 & 10 m and 505 agility test both using light gates plus the Beep Test. Correlation analysis was used to determine relationships. Level of significance was set at <0.05. Results: Significant relationships were found between anthropometric variables and game performance variables. Games performance variables were also significantly correlated to sit & reach, upper body endurance, 1 RM squat, agility and abdominal strength. Visual inspection of significant relationships graphs indicates they may be influence by playing position. Discussion/conclusions: Relationships between fitness test results and movement patterns appears to be at least partially related to position of play, however the current study did not have sufficient statistical power to investigate this. Study findings may also have been influenced by: the relative lack of variation in fitness and levels of play of the participants; the possibility that the participants could be at fitness levels that were already at or above threshold levels required for their level of play. It is concluded that more research, which separates data by position of play, should be conducted with a participant population of greater range in Netball performance level before final recommendations on testing regimes in adolescent Netball are made. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2012.11.379 377 Metabolic profile of moderate-intensity interval swimming Y. Shimoyama 1,∗ , D. Sato 1 , Y. Baba 1 , T. Wada 2 1 2
Niigata University of Health and Welfare Kokushikan University
Introduction: The interval swimming at moderate-intensity has been widely used for endurance training in competitive swimming. Although there have been several studies of the metabolic profile during continuous swimming, few studies have attempted to investigate the metabolic profile during interval swimming. The
purpose of this study was to evaluate the aerobic and the anaerobic energy release systems during moderate-intensity interval swimming in male competitive swimmers. Methods: All experimental measurements were conducted in a swimming flume. The subjects performed 10 minutes continuous swimming test (CON), and two types of the interval swimming tests (10 bouts of 1 minute swim) with rest periods of 20 seconds (INT20) and 30 seconds (INT30). During these tests, each subject swam at the velocity of blood lactate accumulation of 4 mmol/L, which were estimated individually from the sub-maximal progressive swimming. Blood lactate accumulation was measured at the end of each trial. Expired gas was collected during the swimming and rest periods to estimate the oxygen demand, accumulated oxygen uptake and oxygen deficit. The oxygen deficit at each swimming period during INT20 and INT30 was taken as the difference between the estimated oxygen demand and the actual oxygen uptake. Results and discussion: Blood lactate accumulation was significantly higher (p<.05) in CON than that in INT20 and INT30. There were no significant difference in blood lactate accumulation between INT20 and INT30. Significant differences (p<.05) were observed among the accumulated oxygen uptake (CON > INT20 > INT30) and the accumulated oxygen deficit (INT30 > INT20 > CON). The ratio of relative aerobic and anaerobic energy release systems corresponds to the ratio of absolute accumulated oxygen uptake and oxygen deficit. Therefore, these results suggest that metabolic profile of moderate-intensity interval swimming would be significantly influenced by difference of 10 seconds in the rest period. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2012.11.380 378 Position of play differences in fitness and anthropometry of adolescent Netballers D. Shorrocks ∗ , S. Papalia, C. Phillips University of Western Sydney Introduction: Netball player fitness is an acknowledged contributor to performance. Fitness testing is routine for many teams. Norms for adult players are available across a range of abilities. However for adolescents published fitness data is largely nonexistent except for the elite level. Additionally it is not yet know whether such goals should differ according to position of play. Aim: This study sought to determine if fitness of talent development quad adolescent netballers differed with position of play whilst adding to the information available on fitness of adolescent Netballers. Methods: Participants in the study were 16 female Netball players of regional academy of sport level, mean age 16.1 yrs (SD 0.7). Participants were classified according to position of play as Attack (n = 5) players who played in goal attack or goal shooter position, Center (n = 6) players who played wing attack, wing defense or center; or Defense (n = 5) if they played goal keeper or goal defense. Measurements included ISAK restricted profile anthropometry, 7 stage abdominal strength, sit & reach, vertical jump (Vertec), upper body push up endurance, 1 RM squat (Smith Machine), speed over 3, 5 & 10 m and 505 agility test both using light gates plus the Beep Test. T-Tests were used to investigate differences between the positions. Level of significance was set at <0.05. Results: Mean height of the Center players of 1.65 m was significantly shorter than both Attack (1.73 m) and Defense (1.74 m) players, there were no other differences in anthropometry. In terms of fitness, Defense players achieved stage 6 or 7 in the abdominal