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Metal contamination and its effect on primary production measurements
802
E. BiologicalOceanography
strated. 'Spectroscopic data are reported for 4 novel sterols.' Djerassi: Dept. of Chem., Stanford Univ., Stanford, Calif. 94305, USA. (mjj)
E300. Effects of pollution (also uptake, trace a c c u m u l a t i o n s , etc.; see also C 2 1 0 C h e m i c a l pollution, a n d F 2 5 0 - W a s t e disposal) 82:6290 Albano-Garcia, E.L., F.J. Lacanilao, R.O. Juliano and B. Osorio, 1981. Chlorine tolerance and avoidance behavior of some marine tropical [fish and crab] species in the Philippines. Nat. appl. Sci. Bull., 33(1/2):51-65. Univ. of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines. 82:6291 Atema, Jelle, D.F. Leavitt, D.E. Barshaw and M.C. Cuomo, 1982. Effects of drilling muds on behavior of the American lobster Homm'us americanus in water column and substrate exposures. Can. J. Fish. aquat. Sci., 39(5):675-690. BUMP, MBL, Woods Hole, Mass. 02543, USA. 82:6292 Baden, S.P., 1982. Impaired osmoregulation in the shrimp PMaemon adspersus exposed to crude oil extract. Mar. Pollut. Bull, 13(6):208-210. Fishery Board of Sweden, Inst. of Mar. Res., S-45300 Lysekil, Sweden. 82:6293 Balkas, T.I., SOleyman Tu~rul and Ilkay Saliho~lu, 1982. Trace metal levels in fish and Crustacea from northeastern Mediterranean coastal waters. Mar. environ. Res., 6(4):281-289. Middle East Tech. Univ., Mar. Sci. Dept., PK. 28, Erdemli, Icel, Turkey. 82:6294 Cardinal, H. and G. Vernet, 1982. Physiological disturbance in the crab Carcinus mediterraneus induced by diflubenzuron. C. r. S~anc. Soc. Biol., 176(2):210-216. (In French, English abstract.) Lab. de Physiol. des Invert., Univ. des Sci. et Tech. du Languedoc, 34060 Montpeltier Cedex, France. 82:6295 Conklin, P.J. and K.R. Rao, 1982. Effects of two dithiocarbamates on the grass shrimp, Palaemonetes pugio: molt-related toxicity and inhibition of limb regeneration. A rchs environ. Con-
OLR (1982) 29 [ 12)
tamin. Toxicol., 11(4):431-435. Dept. of Biol., Univ. of West Florida, Pensacola, Fla. 32504, USA. 82:6296 Cullinane, J.P. and P.M. Whelan, 1982. Copper, cadmium and zinc in seaweeds from the south coast of Ireland. Mar. Pollut. Bull., 23(6):205-208. Cu, Cd and Zn levels, determined by AAS in 5 seaweed species, from 8 sites on the south coast were compared with those from 5 sites in Cork Harbour. Cu and Cd levels were comparable. Zn levels at some of the Cork Harbour sites were appreciably higher than those of the other sites. Bot. Dept., Univ. College, Cork, Ireland. 82:6297 Darmoul, Bouraoui, 198 t. [Toxicity of petroleum dispersants to mussels, isopods and fish.] Bull. Inst. Oc~anogr. Pdche, Salammb& 8:99-102. (In French, English abstract.) Inst. natl. sci. et tech. d'oceanogr, et de peche, 2025 Salammbo, Tunisie. 82:6298 Devereux, Richard and R.K. Sizemore, 1982. Pinsmid incidence in marine bacteria isolated from petroleum polluted sites on different petroleum hydrocarbons. Mar. Pollut. Bull., 13(6):198-202. Oil-degrading bacteria were screened for extrachromosomal DNA. Plasmids were detected in 21% of the strains isolated on whole crude oil, in 17% isolated on PAH; 50% of the plasmid-containing strains contained multiple plasmids. Pseudomonas was the predominant isolate. Plasmids do not appear important to these strains during degradation of freshly introduced oil at a nonpolluted site; they do appear significant in the adaptation of Pseudomonas species to chronic petroleum pollution. Sizemore: Dept. of Biol., Univ. of North Carolina, Wilmington, N.C. 28406, USA. 82:6299 Fitzwater, S.E., G.A. Knauer and J.H. Martin, 2982. Metal contamination and its effect on primary production measurements. LimnoL Oceanogr., 27(3):544-551. Various components used in the standard ~4C method for metals were analyzed; significant amounts of contaminants were found in many stock solutions and containers. ~ac uptake rates were lower under contaminated conditions than under clean techniques. The latter are described in detail; their adoption is urged for greater accuracy and precision.
OLR (1982) 29 (12)
E. Biological Oceanography
Moss Landing Mar. Lab., Moss Landing, Calif. 95039, USA. 82:6300 Ford, R.G., J.A. Wiens, Dennis Heinemann and G.L. Hunt, 1982. Modelling the sensitivity of colonially breeding marine birds to oil spills: guillemot and kittiwake populations on the Pribilof Islands, Bering Sea. J. appl. Ecol., 19(1): 131.
The short-term impact of environmental perturbation within the foraging range is estimated using detailed demographic and foraging sub-models. Discussed are model sensitivity, applications to colonially breeding birds and model limitations. Dept. of Ecol. and Evol. Biol., Univ. of Calif., Irvine, Calif. 92717, USA. (msg) 82:6301 Griesbach, Sara, R.H. Peters and Sami Youakim, 1982. An allometric model for pesticide bioaccumulation. Can. J. Fish. aquat. Sci., 39(5):727735. Dept. of Biol., McGill Univ., 1205 Ave. Docteur Penfield, Montreal, Que. H3A IB1, Canada. 82:6302 Laws, E.A. and D.G. Redalje, 1982. Sewage diversion effects on the water column of a subtropical estuary. Mar. environ. Res., 6(4):265-279.
No accurate prediction of total nutrient concentration changes in the water column is possible without accounting for water column-benthos interactions. Phytoplankton biomass appears to have been N limited before and after the diversion of secondary treated sewage in Kaneohe Bay, Oahu; biomass and phytoplankton growth rate declined post-diversion. Univ. of Hawaii, Dept. of Oceanogr., 2525 Correa Rd., Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA. (ahm) 82:6303 Mahaffey, W.R., P.H. Pritchard and A.W. Bourquin, 1982. Effects of Kepone on growth and respiration of several estuarine bacteria. AppL environ. Microbiol., 43(6):1419-1424.
That Kepone (0.02, 0.20, 2.0 mg/L) reduced growth of aerobic but not anaerobic microorganisms suggests that its toxicity 'may be due to inhibition of oxidative metabolism'; respiration data are supportive. Kepone affected gram-positive more than gram-negative organisms, perhaps because the latter have a greater cell wall lipid content. Pritchard: U.S. EPA, Environ. Res. Lab., Gulf Breeze, Fla. 32561, USA. (mwf)
803
82:6304 Markham, J.W. and E. Hagmeier, 1982. Observations on the effects of germanium dioxide on the growth of macro-algae and diatoms. Phycologia, 21(2):125-130. Arch Cape, Oreg. 97102, USA. 82:6305 Tuthill, C., W. Schutte, C.W. Frank, J. Santolucito and G. Potter, 1982. Retrospective monitoring: a review. Environ. Monit. Assessment, 1(3): 189-211.
Present levels of inorganic pollutants in the environment must be compared with past levels in order to make practical use of the data. This paper reviews previously determined inorganic contaminants in datable samples. Nine different medium types (e.g., algae and fungi, animal tissues) are discussed; the potential value of herbarium specimens in this regard is emphasized. Frank: Coll. of Med., Univ. of Iowa, Oakdale, Iowa 52319, USA. (dlf) 82:6306 Vargo, G.A., M. Hutchins and G. Almquist, 1982. The effect of low, chronic levels of No. 2 fuel oil on natural phytoplankton assemblages in microcosms. 1. Species composition and seasonal succession. Mar. environ. Res., 6(4):245-264. Two long-term experiments utilizing 3 large-scale microcosms showed similar phytoplankton responses to the twice-weekly fuel oil additions: elevated total phytoplankton abundance and chlorophyll concentration, higher species diversity and more diatoms than flagellates during the first 4 months. Species composition in the microcosms was similar to that in the source water. The combination of the low level, non-lethal (to most) fuel oil additions with reduced predation pressure and altered herbivore feeding behavior may explain the rise in phytoplankton abundance. Dept. of Mar. Sci., Univ. of South Florida, 830 First St. South, St. Petersburg, Fla. 33701, USA. (ahm) 82:6307 von Westernhagen, H. and V. Dethlefsen, 1982. Effect of the surfactant Corexit 7664 on uptake of cadmium by organisms and biological matter in a closed circulated brackish-water system [was essentially nil]. Helgoldnder Meeresunters., 35(1):1-12. Biol. Anstalt Helgoland (Zentrale), Notkestr. 31, D-2000 Hamburg 52, FRG. 82:6308 Wright, D.A. and W.H. Roosenburg, 1982. Trimethyltin toxicity to larval Uca pugilator, effects of temperature and salinity. A rchs environ. Contamin. Toxicol., 11(4):491-495. Univ. of Mary-
E. BiologicalOceanography
strated. 'Spectroscopic data are reported for 4 novel sterols.' Djerassi: Dept. of Chem., Stanford Univ., Stanford, Calif. 94305, USA. (mjj)
E300. Effects of pollution (also uptake, trace a c c u m u l a t i o n s , etc.; see also C 2 1 0 C h e m i c a l pollution, a n d F 2 5 0 - W a s t e disposal) 82:6290 Albano-Garcia, E.L., F.J. Lacanilao, R.O. Juliano and B. Osorio, 1981. Chlorine tolerance and avoidance behavior of some marine tropical [fish and crab] species in the Philippines. Nat. appl. Sci. Bull., 33(1/2):51-65. Univ. of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines. 82:6291 Atema, Jelle, D.F. Leavitt, D.E. Barshaw and M.C. Cuomo, 1982. Effects of drilling muds on behavior of the American lobster Homm'us americanus in water column and substrate exposures. Can. J. Fish. aquat. Sci., 39(5):675-690. BUMP, MBL, Woods Hole, Mass. 02543, USA. 82:6292 Baden, S.P., 1982. Impaired osmoregulation in the shrimp PMaemon adspersus exposed to crude oil extract. Mar. Pollut. Bull, 13(6):208-210. Fishery Board of Sweden, Inst. of Mar. Res., S-45300 Lysekil, Sweden. 82:6293 Balkas, T.I., SOleyman Tu~rul and Ilkay Saliho~lu, 1982. Trace metal levels in fish and Crustacea from northeastern Mediterranean coastal waters. Mar. environ. Res., 6(4):281-289. Middle East Tech. Univ., Mar. Sci. Dept., PK. 28, Erdemli, Icel, Turkey. 82:6294 Cardinal, H. and G. Vernet, 1982. Physiological disturbance in the crab Carcinus mediterraneus induced by diflubenzuron. C. r. S~anc. Soc. Biol., 176(2):210-216. (In French, English abstract.) Lab. de Physiol. des Invert., Univ. des Sci. et Tech. du Languedoc, 34060 Montpeltier Cedex, France. 82:6295 Conklin, P.J. and K.R. Rao, 1982. Effects of two dithiocarbamates on the grass shrimp, Palaemonetes pugio: molt-related toxicity and inhibition of limb regeneration. A rchs environ. Con-
OLR (1982) 29 [ 12)
tamin. Toxicol., 11(4):431-435. Dept. of Biol., Univ. of West Florida, Pensacola, Fla. 32504, USA. 82:6296 Cullinane, J.P. and P.M. Whelan, 1982. Copper, cadmium and zinc in seaweeds from the south coast of Ireland. Mar. Pollut. Bull., 23(6):205-208. Cu, Cd and Zn levels, determined by AAS in 5 seaweed species, from 8 sites on the south coast were compared with those from 5 sites in Cork Harbour. Cu and Cd levels were comparable. Zn levels at some of the Cork Harbour sites were appreciably higher than those of the other sites. Bot. Dept., Univ. College, Cork, Ireland. 82:6297 Darmoul, Bouraoui, 198 t. [Toxicity of petroleum dispersants to mussels, isopods and fish.] Bull. Inst. Oc~anogr. Pdche, Salammb& 8:99-102. (In French, English abstract.) Inst. natl. sci. et tech. d'oceanogr, et de peche, 2025 Salammbo, Tunisie. 82:6298 Devereux, Richard and R.K. Sizemore, 1982. Pinsmid incidence in marine bacteria isolated from petroleum polluted sites on different petroleum hydrocarbons. Mar. Pollut. Bull., 13(6):198-202. Oil-degrading bacteria were screened for extrachromosomal DNA. Plasmids were detected in 21% of the strains isolated on whole crude oil, in 17% isolated on PAH; 50% of the plasmid-containing strains contained multiple plasmids. Pseudomonas was the predominant isolate. Plasmids do not appear important to these strains during degradation of freshly introduced oil at a nonpolluted site; they do appear significant in the adaptation of Pseudomonas species to chronic petroleum pollution. Sizemore: Dept. of Biol., Univ. of North Carolina, Wilmington, N.C. 28406, USA. 82:6299 Fitzwater, S.E., G.A. Knauer and J.H. Martin, 2982. Metal contamination and its effect on primary production measurements. LimnoL Oceanogr., 27(3):544-551. Various components used in the standard ~4C method for metals were analyzed; significant amounts of contaminants were found in many stock solutions and containers. ~ac uptake rates were lower under contaminated conditions than under clean techniques. The latter are described in detail; their adoption is urged for greater accuracy and precision.
OLR (1982) 29 (12)
E. Biological Oceanography
Moss Landing Mar. Lab., Moss Landing, Calif. 95039, USA. 82:6300 Ford, R.G., J.A. Wiens, Dennis Heinemann and G.L. Hunt, 1982. Modelling the sensitivity of colonially breeding marine birds to oil spills: guillemot and kittiwake populations on the Pribilof Islands, Bering Sea. J. appl. Ecol., 19(1): 131.
The short-term impact of environmental perturbation within the foraging range is estimated using detailed demographic and foraging sub-models. Discussed are model sensitivity, applications to colonially breeding birds and model limitations. Dept. of Ecol. and Evol. Biol., Univ. of Calif., Irvine, Calif. 92717, USA. (msg) 82:6301 Griesbach, Sara, R.H. Peters and Sami Youakim, 1982. An allometric model for pesticide bioaccumulation. Can. J. Fish. aquat. Sci., 39(5):727735. Dept. of Biol., McGill Univ., 1205 Ave. Docteur Penfield, Montreal, Que. H3A IB1, Canada. 82:6302 Laws, E.A. and D.G. Redalje, 1982. Sewage diversion effects on the water column of a subtropical estuary. Mar. environ. Res., 6(4):265-279.
No accurate prediction of total nutrient concentration changes in the water column is possible without accounting for water column-benthos interactions. Phytoplankton biomass appears to have been N limited before and after the diversion of secondary treated sewage in Kaneohe Bay, Oahu; biomass and phytoplankton growth rate declined post-diversion. Univ. of Hawaii, Dept. of Oceanogr., 2525 Correa Rd., Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA. (ahm) 82:6303 Mahaffey, W.R., P.H. Pritchard and A.W. Bourquin, 1982. Effects of Kepone on growth and respiration of several estuarine bacteria. AppL environ. Microbiol., 43(6):1419-1424.
That Kepone (0.02, 0.20, 2.0 mg/L) reduced growth of aerobic but not anaerobic microorganisms suggests that its toxicity 'may be due to inhibition of oxidative metabolism'; respiration data are supportive. Kepone affected gram-positive more than gram-negative organisms, perhaps because the latter have a greater cell wall lipid content. Pritchard: U.S. EPA, Environ. Res. Lab., Gulf Breeze, Fla. 32561, USA. (mwf)
803
82:6304 Markham, J.W. and E. Hagmeier, 1982. Observations on the effects of germanium dioxide on the growth of macro-algae and diatoms. Phycologia, 21(2):125-130. Arch Cape, Oreg. 97102, USA. 82:6305 Tuthill, C., W. Schutte, C.W. Frank, J. Santolucito and G. Potter, 1982. Retrospective monitoring: a review. Environ. Monit. Assessment, 1(3): 189-211.
Present levels of inorganic pollutants in the environment must be compared with past levels in order to make practical use of the data. This paper reviews previously determined inorganic contaminants in datable samples. Nine different medium types (e.g., algae and fungi, animal tissues) are discussed; the potential value of herbarium specimens in this regard is emphasized. Frank: Coll. of Med., Univ. of Iowa, Oakdale, Iowa 52319, USA. (dlf) 82:6306 Vargo, G.A., M. Hutchins and G. Almquist, 1982. The effect of low, chronic levels of No. 2 fuel oil on natural phytoplankton assemblages in microcosms. 1. Species composition and seasonal succession. Mar. environ. Res., 6(4):245-264. Two long-term experiments utilizing 3 large-scale microcosms showed similar phytoplankton responses to the twice-weekly fuel oil additions: elevated total phytoplankton abundance and chlorophyll concentration, higher species diversity and more diatoms than flagellates during the first 4 months. Species composition in the microcosms was similar to that in the source water. The combination of the low level, non-lethal (to most) fuel oil additions with reduced predation pressure and altered herbivore feeding behavior may explain the rise in phytoplankton abundance. Dept. of Mar. Sci., Univ. of South Florida, 830 First St. South, St. Petersburg, Fla. 33701, USA. (ahm) 82:6307 von Westernhagen, H. and V. Dethlefsen, 1982. Effect of the surfactant Corexit 7664 on uptake of cadmium by organisms and biological matter in a closed circulated brackish-water system [was essentially nil]. Helgoldnder Meeresunters., 35(1):1-12. Biol. Anstalt Helgoland (Zentrale), Notkestr. 31, D-2000 Hamburg 52, FRG. 82:6308 Wright, D.A. and W.H. Roosenburg, 1982. Trimethyltin toxicity to larval Uca pugilator, effects of temperature and salinity. A rchs environ. Contamin. Toxicol., 11(4):491-495. Univ. of Mary-