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Method for human factors evaluation of ballistic protective helmets
Physiological measurements included mean skin, rectal, and body temperatures, mean heart rate, body heat storage, sweat loss and Physiologic Index of Strain. The performance measurements included tracking, mental arithmetic, visual-motor responses time, and auditory differentiation tasks. Head cooling significantly reduced the magnitude of all the physiological responses. The effect of head cooling on psychomotor performance was less impressive. The overall results indicate a lack of performance decrement as a result of the heat loads used here and no differential effects of head cooling on a subject's performance. 6.4.39 (67747)
British Standards Institution Recommendations for the selection, use and maintenance of respiratory protective equipment. The Institution, London, BS 4275 Apr 1974, 21 pp; abstr in CIS Abstracts (CIS 75-190). Where there there is a risk of workers inhaling dangerous substances, the first consideration should be to protect them by automating, enclosing, exhausting or ventilating the equipment. When this is impossible, respiratory protective equipment is essential. These recommendations describe in general terms the various types of such equipment, discuss the factors affecting its choice and make recommendations for selection, use and maintenance. 6.4.40 (67846)
Scheetz, It.A., et al. Method for human factors evaluation of ballistic protective helmets. Sep 1973, 47 pp; abstr in Government Reports Announcements (Report No AD-774 833/8GA). Several experiments and surveys were conducted to learn more about the relationship between helmet weight, shape and suspension for ballistic protective helmets. Surveys were conducted to develop rating scales suitable for field testing. Experiments were conducted using the rating scales as the dependent variable. Design guidance and testing methodology are suggested for development and for human factors evaluation for future ballistic protective helmets.
British Steel Corporation, Report No CEL/CF/3/75, Feb 1975, 8 pp. In the past, design engineers have not been in a position to pay sufficient attention to the human factors implications of new manufacturing processes. This is due principally to the overriding pressures of technical and economics considerations. As the level of automation of the iron and steel industry's manufacturing processes increases, the role of the human operator becomes more,and not less, critical. If overall man-machine system performance is to reach expected levels then more consideration needs to be given to the operator's eventual role. Possible solutions to this increasingly important problem lie, in the short term, in adoption of an effective system design approach which can be enhanced, in the longer term, by research.
Work organisation 6.4.42 (67763) Lion, J.S., ef al. The influence of the visual arrangement of material, and of working singly or in pairs, upon performance at simulated industrial inspection. Ergonomics, Mar 1975, 18.2, 1 9 5 - 2 0 4 . Three conveyor belts were made to examine the effect of (1) the visual arrangement, (2) working singly or in pairs, on a simulated industrial inspection task. 96 subjects were given three 12 rain test sessions, one at each conveyor, inspecting plastic discs for surface flaws. The test material was designed so that it could be sorted out and counted automatically by an electronic mechanism. Two types of error, faulty discs missed and perfect discs incorrectly selected as faulty, were analysed. In general a subject worked with the greatest accuracy when selecting faulty material from three lines of a 6-line conveyor, sitting opposite to another subject doing the same thing. Where they worked singly, performance on the 3-line conveyor was significantly more accurate than on the single line. The performance of subjects was influenced by the method of presentation of the material to be inspected and by working singly or in pairs. 6.4.43 (67764)
Assignment of functions to men and machines
Brooks, A.A.
6.4.41 (67759)
Following up a long programme of research into Relaxation Allowances instigated by the Institute: a number of industrial companies were
Ketterir~ham, P.J.A. The human factor in automation Corporate Engineering Laboratory,
246
The RA calculator. Work Study and Management Services, Jun 1975, 19.6, 202- 209.
Applied Ergonomics December 1975
encouraged to lolm working parties t<~ continue investigation into this technique. One such working party was formed by the Dickinson Robinson Group of Companies with a basic remit to produce a simplified form of RA table. The res~dt of their work is the 'RA Calculator' which is described in this article. Whilst the Calculator does not incorporate any new scientific: principles, it does have several advantages over most of the existing tables, tt applies RA jobwise and yet retains a means of considering the effect of elemenl frequency. It reduces the amount of subjective judgement required and consequently should facilitate greater consistency in assessing RA both between practitioners and between job~
Motivation and attitudes 6.4.44 (67780)
Bjork, L.E. An experiment in work satisfaction. ScientiJie A merican, Mar 1975~ 232.3, 17 23. Boredom on the assembly line, reflected in high labour turnover and absenteeism, has stimulated efforts to find new ways of organizing work. the author describes one such experiment in a Swedish plant. 6.4.45 (67783)
Simons, G.R. and Steger, J.A. Redesigning boring work. Industrial Engineering, Mar 1975, 7.3,18 22. Not all boring and repetitive jobs can be made enjoyable by job enrichment and job enlargement, according to the authors. Here they examine all the factors affecting a clerical job a nd concentrate their efforts on improving the areas they can control.
Use of statistics 6.4.46 (67882~
Maslen, K.R. Statistics in human engineering. Royal Aircraft Establishment, Farnborough, Hampshire, Technical Report No 74166, Dec 1974, 26 pp. This paper presents a discussion on the use and abuse of statistics in human engineering experiments. The topics briefly discussed include experimental design, statistical and practical significanCe, randomization and some aspects of the use Of averages, distributions and correlation. A section is devoted to the reporting of experiments.
British Standards Institution Recommendations for the selection, use and maintenance of respiratory protective equipment. The Institution, London, BS 4275 Apr 1974, 21 pp; abstr in CIS Abstracts (CIS 75-190). Where there there is a risk of workers inhaling dangerous substances, the first consideration should be to protect them by automating, enclosing, exhausting or ventilating the equipment. When this is impossible, respiratory protective equipment is essential. These recommendations describe in general terms the various types of such equipment, discuss the factors affecting its choice and make recommendations for selection, use and maintenance. 6.4.40 (67846)
Scheetz, It.A., et al. Method for human factors evaluation of ballistic protective helmets. Sep 1973, 47 pp; abstr in Government Reports Announcements (Report No AD-774 833/8GA). Several experiments and surveys were conducted to learn more about the relationship between helmet weight, shape and suspension for ballistic protective helmets. Surveys were conducted to develop rating scales suitable for field testing. Experiments were conducted using the rating scales as the dependent variable. Design guidance and testing methodology are suggested for development and for human factors evaluation for future ballistic protective helmets.
British Steel Corporation, Report No CEL/CF/3/75, Feb 1975, 8 pp. In the past, design engineers have not been in a position to pay sufficient attention to the human factors implications of new manufacturing processes. This is due principally to the overriding pressures of technical and economics considerations. As the level of automation of the iron and steel industry's manufacturing processes increases, the role of the human operator becomes more,and not less, critical. If overall man-machine system performance is to reach expected levels then more consideration needs to be given to the operator's eventual role. Possible solutions to this increasingly important problem lie, in the short term, in adoption of an effective system design approach which can be enhanced, in the longer term, by research.
Work organisation 6.4.42 (67763) Lion, J.S., ef al. The influence of the visual arrangement of material, and of working singly or in pairs, upon performance at simulated industrial inspection. Ergonomics, Mar 1975, 18.2, 1 9 5 - 2 0 4 . Three conveyor belts were made to examine the effect of (1) the visual arrangement, (2) working singly or in pairs, on a simulated industrial inspection task. 96 subjects were given three 12 rain test sessions, one at each conveyor, inspecting plastic discs for surface flaws. The test material was designed so that it could be sorted out and counted automatically by an electronic mechanism. Two types of error, faulty discs missed and perfect discs incorrectly selected as faulty, were analysed. In general a subject worked with the greatest accuracy when selecting faulty material from three lines of a 6-line conveyor, sitting opposite to another subject doing the same thing. Where they worked singly, performance on the 3-line conveyor was significantly more accurate than on the single line. The performance of subjects was influenced by the method of presentation of the material to be inspected and by working singly or in pairs. 6.4.43 (67764)
Assignment of functions to men and machines
Brooks, A.A.
6.4.41 (67759)
Following up a long programme of research into Relaxation Allowances instigated by the Institute: a number of industrial companies were
Ketterir~ham, P.J.A. The human factor in automation Corporate Engineering Laboratory,
246
The RA calculator. Work Study and Management Services, Jun 1975, 19.6, 202- 209.
Applied Ergonomics December 1975
encouraged to lolm working parties t<~ continue investigation into this technique. One such working party was formed by the Dickinson Robinson Group of Companies with a basic remit to produce a simplified form of RA table. The res~dt of their work is the 'RA Calculator' which is described in this article. Whilst the Calculator does not incorporate any new scientific: principles, it does have several advantages over most of the existing tables, tt applies RA jobwise and yet retains a means of considering the effect of elemenl frequency. It reduces the amount of subjective judgement required and consequently should facilitate greater consistency in assessing RA both between practitioners and between job~
Motivation and attitudes 6.4.44 (67780)
Bjork, L.E. An experiment in work satisfaction. ScientiJie A merican, Mar 1975~ 232.3, 17 23. Boredom on the assembly line, reflected in high labour turnover and absenteeism, has stimulated efforts to find new ways of organizing work. the author describes one such experiment in a Swedish plant. 6.4.45 (67783)
Simons, G.R. and Steger, J.A. Redesigning boring work. Industrial Engineering, Mar 1975, 7.3,18 22. Not all boring and repetitive jobs can be made enjoyable by job enrichment and job enlargement, according to the authors. Here they examine all the factors affecting a clerical job a nd concentrate their efforts on improving the areas they can control.
Use of statistics 6.4.46 (67882~
Maslen, K.R. Statistics in human engineering. Royal Aircraft Establishment, Farnborough, Hampshire, Technical Report No 74166, Dec 1974, 26 pp. This paper presents a discussion on the use and abuse of statistics in human engineering experiments. The topics briefly discussed include experimental design, statistical and practical significanCe, randomization and some aspects of the use Of averages, distributions and correlation. A section is devoted to the reporting of experiments.