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Method of forming a composite of boron fibres and polyimide
Abstracts of patents Compiled by Dr J. IN. Youren, IMRU, Industrial Innovation, Queen Mary College (University of London) US PAl TENTS
Reinforced plastics bearing
Chill cast particulate composites
Grifliths, B. L. (P. R. Mallory & Co) US Patent 3 558 305 (26 January 1971) A ductile and high strength chill cast beryllium composite is described consisting of 85-60% beryllium particles surrounded by an alloy matrix of aluminium-magnesium and silicon (39.5-13%, 3.6-0.10% and 1.5-0.08%) respectively. T w o alloy matrix types can exist, one silicon rich with respect to magnesium and vice versa. T h e ductility and strength of the former are high. However, these properties are even more outstanding in the latter.
Method of forming a composite boron fibres and polyimide
of
Fincke, J. K. and Debrunner, R. E. (Monsanto Research Corp) US Patent 3 558 350 (26 January 1971) A hard rigid composite is obtained bv depositing on fibrous boron a liqnid polyimide-forming composition dispersed in an inert solvent, followed by drying and curing up to 500°C.
Shobert, S. M. and Joseph, K. F. (PlasSteel Products Inc) US Patent 3 560 065 (2 February 1971) A reinforced plastics bearing is described consisting of a core of glass strands dispersed in a resin and a lubular layer of Pxvr:cotton threads embedded in resin followed by enrobing the core to provide an exterior surface of embedded threads. The resin embedding the VTVE-COttOn threads is preferably loaded with fine particles of tetrafluorethylene.
Manufacture of glass fibres
De Lajarte, S. and Asolo, |. (Compagnie de Saint Gobain) US Patent ,? 560 177 (2 February 1971) T h e continuous production of glass fibres having high temperatureresistant characteristics is described. A mat is formed of freshly made fibres exceeding 1/~m in diameter having preferred contents of silica 66-73% and alkali oxide 34-27%, respectively, with less than 5% of di- and trivalent stabilizing metal oxides. On passage through an aqueous acid leaching bath the fibre is transformed, in less than three minutes, to one of essentially silica.
Reinforcing matrices with silica-sheathed silicon carbide fibres
Pultz, W. W. and Smith, C. C. (Corning Glass Works) US Patent 3 558 379 (26 ]anuary 1971) T h e bonding of silica-sheathed silicon carbide fibres to polymeric matrices is improved by subjecting these fibres to high vacuum to remove adsorbed surface gases thus exposing very reactive surfaces. The matrix materials can chemically react with these active surface sites resulting in strong bonds and hence improved reinforcement.
Asbestos sheet composite manufacture
Baymiller, J. W. (Armstrong Cork Co) US Patent 3558 427 (26 ]anuary 1971) T o an asbestos-fibre/rubber-binder slurry, 2-25% by weight of fibres of a polymerizable monomer having unsaturated bonds in the structure is added together with 1'5-10% by weight (based on monomer) of a polymerization catalyst. T h e sheet is formed followed bv polymerization at elevated temperature, resulting in a tough strong composite.
44
COMPOSITESJanuary~February 1972
Composite wood-polymer product
Maine, J. (C. w . Maine & Sons Inc) US Patent 3 560 255 (2 February 1971) A wood-polymer composite consists of wood impregnated with a tert-butyl styrene polymer, the resultant surface being as tough as Formica. This product finds application in the manufacture of furniture. Method and apparatus for combining a viscous resin and glass fibre strands
Potkanowicz, E. J. (PPG lndnstries Inc) US Patent 3 560 294 (2 February I971) A method and apparatus is described for combining viscous resin and glass fibre strands where the resin is doctored on to a polyethylene film and chopped glass fibre strands deposited on the resin. A further polyethylene film containing a layer of resin is ~olled on to the glass fibre strands and pressed thus forming a composite laminate. T h e laminate is then flexed under pressure to allow the viscous resin to thoroughly impregnate the glass fibre strands.
Fiexwood laminates consisting of a layer of a mixture of thermoplastic resin-cellulose fibre and a layer of cellulose fibre
Quackenbnsh, J. j. (National Distillers .~ Chemical Corp) US Patent 3 560 324 (2 February 1971) High strength water resistant laminates are prepared by pressing together one or more sheets of cellulose fibre and sheets containing 25-75% of thermoplastic resin and 75-25% of cellulosic fibre filler. Phenol-formaldehyde impregnated cellulosic sheets and laminates
Anderson, G. J., Dahms, W. and Dahms, R. H. (Monsanto Co) US Patent 3 560 328 (2 February 1971) Impregnated cellulosic sheets and laminates which are cold punchable and have good electrical properties are prepared from cellulosic substrates impregnated with a mixture of carboxylated alkadiene interpolymer and a low molecular weight phenolformaldehyde resin, this being overtreated with a specific higher molecular weight phenol-formaldehyde resin. Laminates are prepared from laying-up followed by thermosetting under heat and pressure. Ferroeene-xylylene copolymers and process of manufacture
Billow, N. and Rosenberg, H. (US Secretary of the Navy) US Patent 3 560 429 (2 February 1971) Thermosetting ferrocene - xylylene glycol copolymers and polyferrocenylene-xylylene glycol copolymers may be prepared by reacting ferrocenyi compounds and xylylene glycol in the presence of a catalyst. These very high molecular weight polymers are useful in fibre-filled composite applications. Method of making composite bearings
McCloskey, A. R. (Heim Universal Corp) US Patent 3562885 (16 February 1971) This method of making a bearing advantageously includes a selflubricating liner, consisting of an adhesive resin and powdered or flocked PTFE particles or a woven PTFE fabric embedded in resin. T h e liner is then cured at high temperature and pressure. Thermal insulating composite structure
Stevens, J. K. (Monsanto Co) US Patent 3 563 485 (16 February 1971) Integral three-layer plastics composites for thermal insulation are described, each having an impactresistant solid facing layer of a mono-. vinyl aromatic compound/alphaelectronegatively substituted ethene compound interpolymer system, a layer of cellular polyurethane and an elastomeric interlayer between these layers. These composites exhibit improved impact resistance.
Reinforced plastics bearing
Chill cast particulate composites
Grifliths, B. L. (P. R. Mallory & Co) US Patent 3 558 305 (26 January 1971) A ductile and high strength chill cast beryllium composite is described consisting of 85-60% beryllium particles surrounded by an alloy matrix of aluminium-magnesium and silicon (39.5-13%, 3.6-0.10% and 1.5-0.08%) respectively. T w o alloy matrix types can exist, one silicon rich with respect to magnesium and vice versa. T h e ductility and strength of the former are high. However, these properties are even more outstanding in the latter.
Method of forming a composite boron fibres and polyimide
of
Fincke, J. K. and Debrunner, R. E. (Monsanto Research Corp) US Patent 3 558 350 (26 January 1971) A hard rigid composite is obtained bv depositing on fibrous boron a liqnid polyimide-forming composition dispersed in an inert solvent, followed by drying and curing up to 500°C.
Shobert, S. M. and Joseph, K. F. (PlasSteel Products Inc) US Patent 3 560 065 (2 February 1971) A reinforced plastics bearing is described consisting of a core of glass strands dispersed in a resin and a lubular layer of Pxvr:cotton threads embedded in resin followed by enrobing the core to provide an exterior surface of embedded threads. The resin embedding the VTVE-COttOn threads is preferably loaded with fine particles of tetrafluorethylene.
Manufacture of glass fibres
De Lajarte, S. and Asolo, |. (Compagnie de Saint Gobain) US Patent ,? 560 177 (2 February 1971) T h e continuous production of glass fibres having high temperatureresistant characteristics is described. A mat is formed of freshly made fibres exceeding 1/~m in diameter having preferred contents of silica 66-73% and alkali oxide 34-27%, respectively, with less than 5% of di- and trivalent stabilizing metal oxides. On passage through an aqueous acid leaching bath the fibre is transformed, in less than three minutes, to one of essentially silica.
Reinforcing matrices with silica-sheathed silicon carbide fibres
Pultz, W. W. and Smith, C. C. (Corning Glass Works) US Patent 3 558 379 (26 ]anuary 1971) T h e bonding of silica-sheathed silicon carbide fibres to polymeric matrices is improved by subjecting these fibres to high vacuum to remove adsorbed surface gases thus exposing very reactive surfaces. The matrix materials can chemically react with these active surface sites resulting in strong bonds and hence improved reinforcement.
Asbestos sheet composite manufacture
Baymiller, J. W. (Armstrong Cork Co) US Patent 3558 427 (26 ]anuary 1971) T o an asbestos-fibre/rubber-binder slurry, 2-25% by weight of fibres of a polymerizable monomer having unsaturated bonds in the structure is added together with 1'5-10% by weight (based on monomer) of a polymerization catalyst. T h e sheet is formed followed bv polymerization at elevated temperature, resulting in a tough strong composite.
44
COMPOSITESJanuary~February 1972
Composite wood-polymer product
Maine, J. (C. w . Maine & Sons Inc) US Patent 3 560 255 (2 February 1971) A wood-polymer composite consists of wood impregnated with a tert-butyl styrene polymer, the resultant surface being as tough as Formica. This product finds application in the manufacture of furniture. Method and apparatus for combining a viscous resin and glass fibre strands
Potkanowicz, E. J. (PPG lndnstries Inc) US Patent 3 560 294 (2 February I971) A method and apparatus is described for combining viscous resin and glass fibre strands where the resin is doctored on to a polyethylene film and chopped glass fibre strands deposited on the resin. A further polyethylene film containing a layer of resin is ~olled on to the glass fibre strands and pressed thus forming a composite laminate. T h e laminate is then flexed under pressure to allow the viscous resin to thoroughly impregnate the glass fibre strands.
Fiexwood laminates consisting of a layer of a mixture of thermoplastic resin-cellulose fibre and a layer of cellulose fibre
Quackenbnsh, J. j. (National Distillers .~ Chemical Corp) US Patent 3 560 324 (2 February 1971) High strength water resistant laminates are prepared by pressing together one or more sheets of cellulose fibre and sheets containing 25-75% of thermoplastic resin and 75-25% of cellulosic fibre filler. Phenol-formaldehyde impregnated cellulosic sheets and laminates
Anderson, G. J., Dahms, W. and Dahms, R. H. (Monsanto Co) US Patent 3 560 328 (2 February 1971) Impregnated cellulosic sheets and laminates which are cold punchable and have good electrical properties are prepared from cellulosic substrates impregnated with a mixture of carboxylated alkadiene interpolymer and a low molecular weight phenolformaldehyde resin, this being overtreated with a specific higher molecular weight phenol-formaldehyde resin. Laminates are prepared from laying-up followed by thermosetting under heat and pressure. Ferroeene-xylylene copolymers and process of manufacture
Billow, N. and Rosenberg, H. (US Secretary of the Navy) US Patent 3 560 429 (2 February 1971) Thermosetting ferrocene - xylylene glycol copolymers and polyferrocenylene-xylylene glycol copolymers may be prepared by reacting ferrocenyi compounds and xylylene glycol in the presence of a catalyst. These very high molecular weight polymers are useful in fibre-filled composite applications. Method of making composite bearings
McCloskey, A. R. (Heim Universal Corp) US Patent 3562885 (16 February 1971) This method of making a bearing advantageously includes a selflubricating liner, consisting of an adhesive resin and powdered or flocked PTFE particles or a woven PTFE fabric embedded in resin. T h e liner is then cured at high temperature and pressure. Thermal insulating composite structure
Stevens, J. K. (Monsanto Co) US Patent 3 563 485 (16 February 1971) Integral three-layer plastics composites for thermal insulation are described, each having an impactresistant solid facing layer of a mono-. vinyl aromatic compound/alphaelectronegatively substituted ethene compound interpolymer system, a layer of cellular polyurethane and an elastomeric interlayer between these layers. These composites exhibit improved impact resistance.