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Method of optimalization in technical designing
118 (1) Data Control and Interpretation, (To provide status and trend visibility to Management). (2) Failure Analysis, (Requirements, methods of specifying, failed part handling, and failure cause determination). (3) Reliability Cost Analysis and Tradeoffs. (4) Management use of predictions. In brief defense of the book I think the mathematical and statistical portions are very well done. The remainder is at least a good beginning. C. M. R Y E R S O N
Senior Scientist, Hughes Aircraft Company
Method of Optimalization in Technical Designing (Methody Optymalizacyjne W Projektowaniu Technicznym ) (in Polish). Scientific Technical
Jan Golinski:
Publishing House, Warsaw 1974, 220 pp., paperback. Tins book is intended primarily for those engineers and students who desire to use optimal methods to solve their designing problems. The biggest advantage of the book accrues from the author's attitude that computers are an integral part of the designing process, to be utilized to optimize that process. It is one of the most comprehensive treatments available today on the subject of optimal methods in machine design; moreover, it should be readily understandable by anyone who has finished a standard college-level introductory course in calculus. Only in a very few paragraphs does it require a noticeably higher level of mathematical maturity. At the beginning the author describes the basic numerical methods as they apply to approximate (finite difference) solution of algebraic and differential equations. In particular the described methods are those associated with the names Newton, Gauss, E u l e r - C a u c h y and Runge-Kutta. Many examples of solutions and comparisons of the methods' accuracy are presented in this book. Within the next chapters the author deals with the basic optimal methods; these are separated by himself into five groups, (1) precise methods; (2) systematic methods; (3) random methods; (4) complex methods and (5) dynamic programming. He then proceeds to describe in greater detail and to enrich by worked examples all the following: (a) sequential methods; (b) linear programming; (c) gradient methods; (d) conditional extremum method; (e) Monte Carlo methods: (f) simplex method and (g) dynamic programming. Most of the examples are related to industrial problems and have been met in practice in industry. Some of them are especially interesting, as for instance a solution of the optimally designed gear-box problem with regard to the selection of the optimal weight of a corrugated sheet shape taking account of its stiffness under given requirements related to the specific weight of the sheet, and also a solution of the optimal internal combustion engine as regards its stroke, rod length and other dimensions. All 26 solved problems concern themselves with strength of materials, kinematics and dynamics of machines. Most of them have been solved using only a smfill computer such as the ZAM 2. In the case of three particularly interesting problems written in F O R T R A N IV, SAKO and SAS are included. The value of the book is greatly enhanced because the author's objective is to present computer-aided design. This is a concept, and a technique in which a computer
119 plays a much more active role than traditionally. It need no longer be used merely as a fast calculator assigned to solve precisely described mathematical problems, the author points out, but it can be used to solve many more advanced tasks of the designer. In the early stages of the design process, the computer can be utilized to judge the merits of alternative trial designs. The author also describes how it may be used for comparing the efficiency of algorithms in order to find an optimal procedure, and finally how an economic analysis of the computer technique may be performed. PIOTR RU SE K
Technological University, Krakow, Poland
H. McCallion: Vibration of Linear Mechanical Systems. First Edition, John Wiley & Sons, A Halsted Press Book, New York, 1973, 299 pp. PROFESSOR McCallion's book should suit a first graduate course in mechanical vibration provided that students have received good schooling in statics, dynamics, differential equations, and vector and matrix algebra. Teachers using the text may confront extensive needs for additional illustrative material to augment the sometimes cryptic presentation, and additional exercises to complement the limited number of often difficult problems included. Work invested in building a course around the text should, however, be rewarding for those teachers who have a flair for eccentric notation, an appreciation for the language, and a respect for the English researchers--Professor McCallion and his colleagues--who have contributed much to the field of mechanical vibration. These contributions are tangibly manifested in unique insights given throughout the book. Material normally found in a vibration text of this level--single degree of freedom systems, multidegree of freedom systems, continuous systems, and approximating techniques--is better developed generally in other currently used texts, at least from the standpoint of motivating the average student by providing an ascending degree of complexity in concepts, examples, and problems. Untypically, the text offers a fairly thorough look at rigid body dynamics and provides thereby the basis for examining a wide selection of vibrating systems. In particular, vibration in gyroscopic systems is briefly treated as the last topic in the text. This presentation evolves naturally, following as it does an excellent introduction to rotating shafts. The latter, meriting praise for its completeness, order, and clarity, proceeds from a description of the behavior of a mass on an elastic shaft, through discussions of the influence of stationary and rotary damping to include an aside on the stability of linear systems, and culminates in discussions concerning such topics as the influence of shaft asymmetries, distributed mass, bearing flexibilities, and hydrodynamic journal bearing properties. With regard to unique insights, the presentation on muitidegree of freedom systems initiates with an instructive development on the decoupling of equations of motion and terminates with a discussion of synthesizing system equations of motion given subsystem properties. The latter introduces naturally the concepts of global and local coordinates, and formally structured constraints. During the presentation on continuous systems, the concept of piecewise representation is introduced and is later developed in useful and timely looks at lumped parameter modeling, and finite element
Senior Scientist, Hughes Aircraft Company
Method of Optimalization in Technical Designing (Methody Optymalizacyjne W Projektowaniu Technicznym ) (in Polish). Scientific Technical
Jan Golinski:
Publishing House, Warsaw 1974, 220 pp., paperback. Tins book is intended primarily for those engineers and students who desire to use optimal methods to solve their designing problems. The biggest advantage of the book accrues from the author's attitude that computers are an integral part of the designing process, to be utilized to optimize that process. It is one of the most comprehensive treatments available today on the subject of optimal methods in machine design; moreover, it should be readily understandable by anyone who has finished a standard college-level introductory course in calculus. Only in a very few paragraphs does it require a noticeably higher level of mathematical maturity. At the beginning the author describes the basic numerical methods as they apply to approximate (finite difference) solution of algebraic and differential equations. In particular the described methods are those associated with the names Newton, Gauss, E u l e r - C a u c h y and Runge-Kutta. Many examples of solutions and comparisons of the methods' accuracy are presented in this book. Within the next chapters the author deals with the basic optimal methods; these are separated by himself into five groups, (1) precise methods; (2) systematic methods; (3) random methods; (4) complex methods and (5) dynamic programming. He then proceeds to describe in greater detail and to enrich by worked examples all the following: (a) sequential methods; (b) linear programming; (c) gradient methods; (d) conditional extremum method; (e) Monte Carlo methods: (f) simplex method and (g) dynamic programming. Most of the examples are related to industrial problems and have been met in practice in industry. Some of them are especially interesting, as for instance a solution of the optimally designed gear-box problem with regard to the selection of the optimal weight of a corrugated sheet shape taking account of its stiffness under given requirements related to the specific weight of the sheet, and also a solution of the optimal internal combustion engine as regards its stroke, rod length and other dimensions. All 26 solved problems concern themselves with strength of materials, kinematics and dynamics of machines. Most of them have been solved using only a smfill computer such as the ZAM 2. In the case of three particularly interesting problems written in F O R T R A N IV, SAKO and SAS are included. The value of the book is greatly enhanced because the author's objective is to present computer-aided design. This is a concept, and a technique in which a computer
119 plays a much more active role than traditionally. It need no longer be used merely as a fast calculator assigned to solve precisely described mathematical problems, the author points out, but it can be used to solve many more advanced tasks of the designer. In the early stages of the design process, the computer can be utilized to judge the merits of alternative trial designs. The author also describes how it may be used for comparing the efficiency of algorithms in order to find an optimal procedure, and finally how an economic analysis of the computer technique may be performed. PIOTR RU SE K
Technological University, Krakow, Poland
H. McCallion: Vibration of Linear Mechanical Systems. First Edition, John Wiley & Sons, A Halsted Press Book, New York, 1973, 299 pp. PROFESSOR McCallion's book should suit a first graduate course in mechanical vibration provided that students have received good schooling in statics, dynamics, differential equations, and vector and matrix algebra. Teachers using the text may confront extensive needs for additional illustrative material to augment the sometimes cryptic presentation, and additional exercises to complement the limited number of often difficult problems included. Work invested in building a course around the text should, however, be rewarding for those teachers who have a flair for eccentric notation, an appreciation for the language, and a respect for the English researchers--Professor McCallion and his colleagues--who have contributed much to the field of mechanical vibration. These contributions are tangibly manifested in unique insights given throughout the book. Material normally found in a vibration text of this level--single degree of freedom systems, multidegree of freedom systems, continuous systems, and approximating techniques--is better developed generally in other currently used texts, at least from the standpoint of motivating the average student by providing an ascending degree of complexity in concepts, examples, and problems. Untypically, the text offers a fairly thorough look at rigid body dynamics and provides thereby the basis for examining a wide selection of vibrating systems. In particular, vibration in gyroscopic systems is briefly treated as the last topic in the text. This presentation evolves naturally, following as it does an excellent introduction to rotating shafts. The latter, meriting praise for its completeness, order, and clarity, proceeds from a description of the behavior of a mass on an elastic shaft, through discussions of the influence of stationary and rotary damping to include an aside on the stability of linear systems, and culminates in discussions concerning such topics as the influence of shaft asymmetries, distributed mass, bearing flexibilities, and hydrodynamic journal bearing properties. With regard to unique insights, the presentation on muitidegree of freedom systems initiates with an instructive development on the decoupling of equations of motion and terminates with a discussion of synthesizing system equations of motion given subsystem properties. The latter introduces naturally the concepts of global and local coordinates, and formally structured constraints. During the presentation on continuous systems, the concept of piecewise representation is introduced and is later developed in useful and timely looks at lumped parameter modeling, and finite element