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Methodology of Ensuring Road Traffic Safety With Respect to Road-Building Materials Compaction Efficiency Factor
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com
ScienceDirect Transportation Research Procedia 20 (2017) 450 – 454
12th International Conference "Organization and Traffic Safety Management in Large Cities", SPbOTSIC-2016, 28-30 September 2016, St. Petersburg, Russia
Methodology of Ensuring Road Traffic Safety With Respect to Road-Building Materials Compaction Efficiency Factor Sergei Nosov1а*, Viktor Kuzmichev2b, Sergei Repin3c, Sergei Maksimov3d 1
Lipetsk State Technical University, 30 Moskovskaya Str., Lipetsk, 398600, Russia Saint Petersburg State Polytechnic University, 29 Polytekhnicheskaya Str., Saint Petersburg, 195251, Russia 3 Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, 4 2nd Krasnoarmeyskaya Str., Saint Petersburg, 190005, Russia 2
Abstract A methodology of improving technologies of compacting subgrade soil and road bitumen-concrete mixes, which helps increase traffic safety due to increasing compaction quality, has been presented. It has been demonstrated that the stress and strain state of the road-building materials shall be calculated with due account of peculiarities of interaction between compactors and compacted medium, including interaction time and stress and strain state change rate. © by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license © 2017 2016Published The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of the 12th International Conference "Organization and Traffic Peer-review under responsibility the organizing committee of the 12th International Conference “Organization and Traffic Safety Safety Management in Large of Cities". Management in large cities” Keywords: Soil, bitumen-concrete mix, compacting efficiency.
1. Introduction The development of new road-building technologies and improvement of the existing ones contributing to the increased traffic safety will be carried out on the basis of the following factors: emergence of new machines participating in the production processes of building roads; upgrading existing machines, among others, by means of
* Corresponding author. Tel.: +0-000-000-0000 ; fax: +0-000-000-0000 E-mail address: [email protected] a*, [email protected] b, [email protected] c, [email protected] d
2352-1465 © 2017 Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of the 12th International Conference “Organization and Traffic Safety Management in large cities” doi:10.1016/j.trpro.2017.01.073
Sergei Nosov et al. / Transportation Research Procedia 20 (2017) 450 – 454
using new or additional working tools; emergence of new materials as well as familiarization with the new properties of the existing materials. In this case the compaction of road-building materials is the most important operation of ensuring high durability of the road structures. The methods of improving technology of compacting the road bitumen-concrete mixes and soils are based on application of the mathematic models describing interaction of mixes and soils with different compactors, first of all, with rubber-tired and crawler smooth drum rollers. In view of this fact it is necessary to carry out preliminary investigations in field and laboratory conditions to evaluate rheological characteristics of the road-building materials. Apart from this, it is necessary to duly present peculiarities of interaction between soils and road bitumen-concrete mixes with the used compactors. 2. Main text The main difficulties and deficiencies of the proposed approaches to solving general problem of increasing quality and efficiency of compacting road bitumen-concrete mixes and soils have been outlined by summarizing the reviewed volume of scientific material on investigating interaction of the subgrade and road surface dressing with different compactors: 1. An obvious non-invariance of the known methods of determining rheological characteristics of the roadbuilding materials is noticeable; 2. A simultaneous track of time action and character of changing the effective loads on the part of compactors is absent; 3. The simplified objective laws as well as dependencies describing rheological characteristics of the compacted materials, which are not quite accurate, are selected; 4. Generally, the linear or flat models of materials compaction processes are given consideration. The threedimensional models are not considered. A novelty of methodology of improving technological processes of compacting road bitumen-concrete mixes and soils consists in the use of rheological approach to determining characteristics of stress and strain state of the compacted layers, according to which it is necessary to determine first of all: x instantaneous moduli of linear and shear deformations of the compacted layer of soil or bitumen-concrete mix as well as coefficient of its lateral deformation; x full, reversible and irreversible linear and shear deformations of the compacted layer with subsequent determination of volumetric strain and density of soil or bitumen-concrete mix as the main criterion in case of development or improvement of the compaction production process. Any production process of compacting soil or bitumen-concrete mix is the process taking place in the course of time. Therefore, it is very important to take into consideration all major factors, which include, first of all, the following: x changes of resilient, viscous and plastic properties of soil or bitumen-concrete mix in case of compacting them in the course of time; x changes of structural indicators and characteristics of soil or bitumen-concrete mix in case of compacting them, which influence on the process of material structure formation (parameters of functions of creep rates and relaxation of stresses); x objective laws of changing strength, deformations and density of the layer of bitumen-concrete mix or soil being compacted depending on the temperature, humidity, layer thickness and compaction method; x change of stress and strain state of the layer being compacted determined by deformation moduli, values of acting normal and tangential shearing stresses and the rates of their changes; x changes of technological parameters of compaction process: temperature of bitumen-concrete mix, soil dampness, speed of compactors travel and number of passes following the same track; x changes of operating modes of vibration compactors: frequency of oscillations and relative constraining force of vibration generator of oscillations; x changes of conditions of performing work including weather and climatic conditions, speed of construction, etc.
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The majority of the above factors change in the course of time from pass to pass of the used road rollers and other machines. Hence, it is necessary to take into account the complementary dependence and mutual influence determined by rheological peculiarities of materials being compacted and investigated in accordance with the objective laws to be defined in the framework of developing rheology thereof. The solution of the task of compaction improving technology thereof is a complex process, which existence is possible only on the basis of various optimization procedures in the framework of formulated principles of development of a theory of compacting road-building materials [Nosov (2012)]. It is necessary to determine technological components of the operation modes of the road compaction devices with respect to their passes by varying the enumerated factors on the basis of chosen criteria of optimization. At that, in case of using the smooth drum rollers it is sufficient to determine only vertical irreversible deformations of the compacted layers of minor thickness and additionally the longitudinal shear deformations for the layers of increased thickness, while in case of using the rubber-tired smooth drum rollers it is necessary to determine, in addition to the above conditions, lateral deformations as well with further attempt to determine the volumetric deformation and density of soil or bitumen-concrete mix. Particularly this implies the ways of improving technological processes of compacting road bitumen-concrete mixes and soils. The investigations for assessing rheological characteristics of the compacted soils shall be carried out in accordance with specifically developed methods and devices as well as with the use of the theory of the inherited creepage of the resilient-viscous-plastic materials. The instantaneous moduli of linear and shear deformations of the compacted layers as well as coefficients of their lateral deformation shall be determined with the use of specifically developed technical devices intended for investigating rheological properties of the layer of soil or bitumen-concrete mix both in the laboratory and in the field conditions [Nosov et al. (2002), Nosov et al. (2004), Nosov et al. (2009)]. A process of selecting technological modes of operation and parameters of compactors shall be performed with due account of peculiarities of interaction thereof with the material being compacted on the basis of the developed conceptual model of improving technology of compacting soils of the subgrade and road bitumen-concrete mixes [Nosov (2012)], which helps to solve the assigned task from the initial process state and transfer to the multiplicity thereof based on the multiplicity of optimality criteria in the context of the suggested concept of improving technologies of compacting subgrade soils and bitumen-concrete mixes on the basis of development of their rheology. The development of methods of improving technologies of compacting road bitumen-concrete mixes and soils based on the usage of mathematic models describing interaction thereof with the rubber-tired and crawler smooth drum rollers provides for a necessity of conducting preliminary investigations under field or laboratory conditions for evaluation of rheological characteristics of materials being compacted. Besides, it is necessary to duly present peculiarities of their interaction with the used compactors and take into account the objective laws of changing characteristics of stress-strain state of the compacted soils and bitumen-concrete mixes based on the theory the inherited creepage of deformable media taking into account the rate of growth and attenuation of the compaction loads (normal and tangential stresses in the layer being compacted), time of compactors impact on the material layer, change of deformation moduli and coefficient of lateral deformation of material being compacted. In particular conditions of performing works, including weather and climatic conditions and a selected construction rate, change of temperature of bitumen-concrete mix and its density from pass to pass of the rollers will necessitate to change the type of rollers, changing their speed modes of motion as well as vibration parameters in case of using vibration rollers (frequency of vibration rollers oscillations and their relative constraining force). Unlike the improvement of technology of compacting the road bitumen-concrete mixes with road rollers, where it is possible to gain the optimal parameters and modes of operation of the rollers when compacting the bitumenconcrete mix with particular rheological properties, the similar procedure is practically unsolvable at compacting the subgrade soils by means of rubber-tired and crawler compactors operating in different conditions (in different weather and climatic zones with different compositions and properties of soils; in different configurations of machine-tractor aggregates fulfilling different operations, etc.).
Sergei Nosov et al. / Transportation Research Procedia 20 (2017) 450 – 454
An absence of rather accurate calculation methods of determining technological modes of operation of the used compacting machines with due account of the specific features of conducting works under particular conditions, methods based on the development of rheology of compacted materials compels the road organizations to go into definite and sometimes even significant expenditures of funds and time losses in the course of conducting mandatory for determining a required number of passes by the compacting machines (trial passes) during compacting of soils for attaining required operational features of the subgrade: density, robustness, ground bearing pressure, stability, etc. Therefore, it is necessary to give consideration to different approaches to selecting technological modes of operation of compacting devices depending on the assigned task taking into account the design peculiarities of such machines as scrapers, self-propelled blade graders, bulldozers, loaders, etc. For instance, these approaches get determined for the rubber-tired compactors by the wheel arrangement and type of interaxle differential; for the crawler compactors these approaches get determined by the adopted assumptions and distribution of pressures of the crawler unit on the ground, type of suspension, etc. The methods of improving technology of compacting soils with selection of the modes of operation of the compacting machines are implemented on the basis of the developed methods of evaluation of interaction of the compactors with soil by means of simulation modeling in accordance with the selected criteria of efficiency. It is possible to come to determining optimal technological modes of machines motion with the aim of providing their maximum productivity and attaining required density of soil [Nosov (2012)] through application of the developed methods being aware of the conditions of interaction of the compactors with soil featuring particular rheological properties at performing particular operations (soil excavation, scraping, leveling, compaction). The objective laws of changing characteristics of stress-strain state of the compacted road-building materials based on the use of mathematical models describing interaction thereof with the rubber-tired and crawler smooth drum-roller compactors, on the use of theory of the inherited creepage of deformable media as well as methods of determining thereof are included into corresponding programs of PC calculation, which are used as the basis for development and improvement of technological processes of compaction of the road bitumen-concrete mixes and soils by the applicable compaction devices [Nosov (2011), Podolsky (2011), Nosov (2012), Nosov (2013)]. 3. Conclusion Thus, the methodological fundamentals of improving technologies of compacting subgrade soils and road bitumen-concrete mixes, which are among the basic factors of increasing efficiency of compacting thereof and increasing traffic safety have been developed. At that, the mathematical models of interaction between different compactors and road-building materials have been developed on the basis of further development of their rheology with the use of theory of inherited creepage of resilient-viscous-plastic materials with the use of exponential power functions of creep rates and relaxation of stresses. References Nosov, S.V. (2011). Technological Modes of Operation of Compacting Machines and Objective Laws of Compacting Road-Building Materials on the Basis of Developing Rheology Thereof. Scientific Bulletin of Voronezh State University of Architecture and Engineering. Construction and architecture, 3(23): 87–98. Nosov, S.V. (2012). Concept of Improving Technologies of Compacting Road Soils and Bitumen-Concrete Mixes on the Basis of Developing Rheology Thereof. Bulletin of LSTU, 1(20): 86–94. Nosov, S.V. (2012). Methods of Improving Technologies of Compacting Road Soils on the Basis of Developing Rheology Thereof. Scientific Bulletin of Voronezh State University of Architecture and Engineering. Construction and architecture , 4(24): 41–52. Nosov, S.V. (2012). Principles of Development of the Theory of Compaction and Conceptual Model of Forming Technologies of Compacting Road-Building Materials. Bulletin of Volgograd State University of Architecture and Engineering. Construction and architecture. Volgograd, 27(46):16–21. Nosov, S.V. (2013). Intensive Technology of Compacting Road Bitumen-Concrete Mixes in Case of Changing Rheological Properties Thereof . News of Higher Educational Institutions. Construction and architecture. Novosibirsk, (5): 81–89.
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Sergei Nosov et al. / Transportation Research Procedia 20 (2017) 450 – 454
Nosov, S.V., Roshchupkin, М.V., Kononov, А.L., Kaplun, А.G. (2002). Patent No. 99126270, Method of Determining Physical and Mechanical Characteristics of a Layer of Potting Soil Predominantly Featuring Low and Medium Density and a Device for Implementing It. Bull. No. 30, 13 p. Nosov, S.V., Azovtsev, N.N., Bondarenko, P.А., Maslov, B.А. (2004). Patent No 2003109005, Device for Investigating Physical and Mechanical Characteristics of a Layer of Potting Soil. Bull. No. 26, 13 p. Nosov, S.V., Peregudov, N.Е., Kindyukhin, Yu.Yu. (2009). Patent No.2008112526/28, Device for Investigating Physical and Mechanical Characteristics of a Layer of Potting Soil. Bull. No. 24. Podolsky, V.P. (2011). Development of Rheology of Road-Building Materials with the Aim of Improving Technologies of Compacting Thereof. Scientific Bulletin of Voronezh State University of Architecture and Engineering. Construction and architecture, 3(23): 99–108.
ScienceDirect Transportation Research Procedia 20 (2017) 450 – 454
12th International Conference "Organization and Traffic Safety Management in Large Cities", SPbOTSIC-2016, 28-30 September 2016, St. Petersburg, Russia
Methodology of Ensuring Road Traffic Safety With Respect to Road-Building Materials Compaction Efficiency Factor Sergei Nosov1а*, Viktor Kuzmichev2b, Sergei Repin3c, Sergei Maksimov3d 1
Lipetsk State Technical University, 30 Moskovskaya Str., Lipetsk, 398600, Russia Saint Petersburg State Polytechnic University, 29 Polytekhnicheskaya Str., Saint Petersburg, 195251, Russia 3 Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, 4 2nd Krasnoarmeyskaya Str., Saint Petersburg, 190005, Russia 2
Abstract A methodology of improving technologies of compacting subgrade soil and road bitumen-concrete mixes, which helps increase traffic safety due to increasing compaction quality, has been presented. It has been demonstrated that the stress and strain state of the road-building materials shall be calculated with due account of peculiarities of interaction between compactors and compacted medium, including interaction time and stress and strain state change rate. © by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license © 2017 2016Published The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of the 12th International Conference "Organization and Traffic Peer-review under responsibility the organizing committee of the 12th International Conference “Organization and Traffic Safety Safety Management in Large of Cities". Management in large cities” Keywords: Soil, bitumen-concrete mix, compacting efficiency.
1. Introduction The development of new road-building technologies and improvement of the existing ones contributing to the increased traffic safety will be carried out on the basis of the following factors: emergence of new machines participating in the production processes of building roads; upgrading existing machines, among others, by means of
* Corresponding author. Tel.: +0-000-000-0000 ; fax: +0-000-000-0000 E-mail address: [email protected] a*, [email protected] b, [email protected] c, [email protected] d
2352-1465 © 2017 Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of the 12th International Conference “Organization and Traffic Safety Management in large cities” doi:10.1016/j.trpro.2017.01.073
Sergei Nosov et al. / Transportation Research Procedia 20 (2017) 450 – 454
using new or additional working tools; emergence of new materials as well as familiarization with the new properties of the existing materials. In this case the compaction of road-building materials is the most important operation of ensuring high durability of the road structures. The methods of improving technology of compacting the road bitumen-concrete mixes and soils are based on application of the mathematic models describing interaction of mixes and soils with different compactors, first of all, with rubber-tired and crawler smooth drum rollers. In view of this fact it is necessary to carry out preliminary investigations in field and laboratory conditions to evaluate rheological characteristics of the road-building materials. Apart from this, it is necessary to duly present peculiarities of interaction between soils and road bitumen-concrete mixes with the used compactors. 2. Main text The main difficulties and deficiencies of the proposed approaches to solving general problem of increasing quality and efficiency of compacting road bitumen-concrete mixes and soils have been outlined by summarizing the reviewed volume of scientific material on investigating interaction of the subgrade and road surface dressing with different compactors: 1. An obvious non-invariance of the known methods of determining rheological characteristics of the roadbuilding materials is noticeable; 2. A simultaneous track of time action and character of changing the effective loads on the part of compactors is absent; 3. The simplified objective laws as well as dependencies describing rheological characteristics of the compacted materials, which are not quite accurate, are selected; 4. Generally, the linear or flat models of materials compaction processes are given consideration. The threedimensional models are not considered. A novelty of methodology of improving technological processes of compacting road bitumen-concrete mixes and soils consists in the use of rheological approach to determining characteristics of stress and strain state of the compacted layers, according to which it is necessary to determine first of all: x instantaneous moduli of linear and shear deformations of the compacted layer of soil or bitumen-concrete mix as well as coefficient of its lateral deformation; x full, reversible and irreversible linear and shear deformations of the compacted layer with subsequent determination of volumetric strain and density of soil or bitumen-concrete mix as the main criterion in case of development or improvement of the compaction production process. Any production process of compacting soil or bitumen-concrete mix is the process taking place in the course of time. Therefore, it is very important to take into consideration all major factors, which include, first of all, the following: x changes of resilient, viscous and plastic properties of soil or bitumen-concrete mix in case of compacting them in the course of time; x changes of structural indicators and characteristics of soil or bitumen-concrete mix in case of compacting them, which influence on the process of material structure formation (parameters of functions of creep rates and relaxation of stresses); x objective laws of changing strength, deformations and density of the layer of bitumen-concrete mix or soil being compacted depending on the temperature, humidity, layer thickness and compaction method; x change of stress and strain state of the layer being compacted determined by deformation moduli, values of acting normal and tangential shearing stresses and the rates of their changes; x changes of technological parameters of compaction process: temperature of bitumen-concrete mix, soil dampness, speed of compactors travel and number of passes following the same track; x changes of operating modes of vibration compactors: frequency of oscillations and relative constraining force of vibration generator of oscillations; x changes of conditions of performing work including weather and climatic conditions, speed of construction, etc.
451
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Sergei Nosov et al. / Transportation Research Procedia 20 (2017) 450 – 454
The majority of the above factors change in the course of time from pass to pass of the used road rollers and other machines. Hence, it is necessary to take into account the complementary dependence and mutual influence determined by rheological peculiarities of materials being compacted and investigated in accordance with the objective laws to be defined in the framework of developing rheology thereof. The solution of the task of compaction improving technology thereof is a complex process, which existence is possible only on the basis of various optimization procedures in the framework of formulated principles of development of a theory of compacting road-building materials [Nosov (2012)]. It is necessary to determine technological components of the operation modes of the road compaction devices with respect to their passes by varying the enumerated factors on the basis of chosen criteria of optimization. At that, in case of using the smooth drum rollers it is sufficient to determine only vertical irreversible deformations of the compacted layers of minor thickness and additionally the longitudinal shear deformations for the layers of increased thickness, while in case of using the rubber-tired smooth drum rollers it is necessary to determine, in addition to the above conditions, lateral deformations as well with further attempt to determine the volumetric deformation and density of soil or bitumen-concrete mix. Particularly this implies the ways of improving technological processes of compacting road bitumen-concrete mixes and soils. The investigations for assessing rheological characteristics of the compacted soils shall be carried out in accordance with specifically developed methods and devices as well as with the use of the theory of the inherited creepage of the resilient-viscous-plastic materials. The instantaneous moduli of linear and shear deformations of the compacted layers as well as coefficients of their lateral deformation shall be determined with the use of specifically developed technical devices intended for investigating rheological properties of the layer of soil or bitumen-concrete mix both in the laboratory and in the field conditions [Nosov et al. (2002), Nosov et al. (2004), Nosov et al. (2009)]. A process of selecting technological modes of operation and parameters of compactors shall be performed with due account of peculiarities of interaction thereof with the material being compacted on the basis of the developed conceptual model of improving technology of compacting soils of the subgrade and road bitumen-concrete mixes [Nosov (2012)], which helps to solve the assigned task from the initial process state and transfer to the multiplicity thereof based on the multiplicity of optimality criteria in the context of the suggested concept of improving technologies of compacting subgrade soils and bitumen-concrete mixes on the basis of development of their rheology. The development of methods of improving technologies of compacting road bitumen-concrete mixes and soils based on the usage of mathematic models describing interaction thereof with the rubber-tired and crawler smooth drum rollers provides for a necessity of conducting preliminary investigations under field or laboratory conditions for evaluation of rheological characteristics of materials being compacted. Besides, it is necessary to duly present peculiarities of their interaction with the used compactors and take into account the objective laws of changing characteristics of stress-strain state of the compacted soils and bitumen-concrete mixes based on the theory the inherited creepage of deformable media taking into account the rate of growth and attenuation of the compaction loads (normal and tangential stresses in the layer being compacted), time of compactors impact on the material layer, change of deformation moduli and coefficient of lateral deformation of material being compacted. In particular conditions of performing works, including weather and climatic conditions and a selected construction rate, change of temperature of bitumen-concrete mix and its density from pass to pass of the rollers will necessitate to change the type of rollers, changing their speed modes of motion as well as vibration parameters in case of using vibration rollers (frequency of vibration rollers oscillations and their relative constraining force). Unlike the improvement of technology of compacting the road bitumen-concrete mixes with road rollers, where it is possible to gain the optimal parameters and modes of operation of the rollers when compacting the bitumenconcrete mix with particular rheological properties, the similar procedure is practically unsolvable at compacting the subgrade soils by means of rubber-tired and crawler compactors operating in different conditions (in different weather and climatic zones with different compositions and properties of soils; in different configurations of machine-tractor aggregates fulfilling different operations, etc.).
Sergei Nosov et al. / Transportation Research Procedia 20 (2017) 450 – 454
An absence of rather accurate calculation methods of determining technological modes of operation of the used compacting machines with due account of the specific features of conducting works under particular conditions, methods based on the development of rheology of compacted materials compels the road organizations to go into definite and sometimes even significant expenditures of funds and time losses in the course of conducting mandatory for determining a required number of passes by the compacting machines (trial passes) during compacting of soils for attaining required operational features of the subgrade: density, robustness, ground bearing pressure, stability, etc. Therefore, it is necessary to give consideration to different approaches to selecting technological modes of operation of compacting devices depending on the assigned task taking into account the design peculiarities of such machines as scrapers, self-propelled blade graders, bulldozers, loaders, etc. For instance, these approaches get determined for the rubber-tired compactors by the wheel arrangement and type of interaxle differential; for the crawler compactors these approaches get determined by the adopted assumptions and distribution of pressures of the crawler unit on the ground, type of suspension, etc. The methods of improving technology of compacting soils with selection of the modes of operation of the compacting machines are implemented on the basis of the developed methods of evaluation of interaction of the compactors with soil by means of simulation modeling in accordance with the selected criteria of efficiency. It is possible to come to determining optimal technological modes of machines motion with the aim of providing their maximum productivity and attaining required density of soil [Nosov (2012)] through application of the developed methods being aware of the conditions of interaction of the compactors with soil featuring particular rheological properties at performing particular operations (soil excavation, scraping, leveling, compaction). The objective laws of changing characteristics of stress-strain state of the compacted road-building materials based on the use of mathematical models describing interaction thereof with the rubber-tired and crawler smooth drum-roller compactors, on the use of theory of the inherited creepage of deformable media as well as methods of determining thereof are included into corresponding programs of PC calculation, which are used as the basis for development and improvement of technological processes of compaction of the road bitumen-concrete mixes and soils by the applicable compaction devices [Nosov (2011), Podolsky (2011), Nosov (2012), Nosov (2013)]. 3. Conclusion Thus, the methodological fundamentals of improving technologies of compacting subgrade soils and road bitumen-concrete mixes, which are among the basic factors of increasing efficiency of compacting thereof and increasing traffic safety have been developed. At that, the mathematical models of interaction between different compactors and road-building materials have been developed on the basis of further development of their rheology with the use of theory of inherited creepage of resilient-viscous-plastic materials with the use of exponential power functions of creep rates and relaxation of stresses. References Nosov, S.V. (2011). Technological Modes of Operation of Compacting Machines and Objective Laws of Compacting Road-Building Materials on the Basis of Developing Rheology Thereof. Scientific Bulletin of Voronezh State University of Architecture and Engineering. Construction and architecture, 3(23): 87–98. Nosov, S.V. (2012). Concept of Improving Technologies of Compacting Road Soils and Bitumen-Concrete Mixes on the Basis of Developing Rheology Thereof. Bulletin of LSTU, 1(20): 86–94. Nosov, S.V. (2012). Methods of Improving Technologies of Compacting Road Soils on the Basis of Developing Rheology Thereof. Scientific Bulletin of Voronezh State University of Architecture and Engineering. Construction and architecture , 4(24): 41–52. Nosov, S.V. (2012). Principles of Development of the Theory of Compaction and Conceptual Model of Forming Technologies of Compacting Road-Building Materials. Bulletin of Volgograd State University of Architecture and Engineering. Construction and architecture. Volgograd, 27(46):16–21. Nosov, S.V. (2013). Intensive Technology of Compacting Road Bitumen-Concrete Mixes in Case of Changing Rheological Properties Thereof . News of Higher Educational Institutions. Construction and architecture. Novosibirsk, (5): 81–89.
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Sergei Nosov et al. / Transportation Research Procedia 20 (2017) 450 – 454
Nosov, S.V., Roshchupkin, М.V., Kononov, А.L., Kaplun, А.G. (2002). Patent No. 99126270, Method of Determining Physical and Mechanical Characteristics of a Layer of Potting Soil Predominantly Featuring Low and Medium Density and a Device for Implementing It. Bull. No. 30, 13 p. Nosov, S.V., Azovtsev, N.N., Bondarenko, P.А., Maslov, B.А. (2004). Patent No 2003109005, Device for Investigating Physical and Mechanical Characteristics of a Layer of Potting Soil. Bull. No. 26, 13 p. Nosov, S.V., Peregudov, N.Е., Kindyukhin, Yu.Yu. (2009). Patent No.2008112526/28, Device for Investigating Physical and Mechanical Characteristics of a Layer of Potting Soil. Bull. No. 24. Podolsky, V.P. (2011). Development of Rheology of Road-Building Materials with the Aim of Improving Technologies of Compacting Thereof. Scientific Bulletin of Voronezh State University of Architecture and Engineering. Construction and architecture, 3(23): 99–108.