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Methods of Feeding Layers and Breeders
POULTRY S C I E N C E September, 1948, Vol. X X V I I , N o . 5
Methods of Feeding Layers and Breeders JOHN H. VONDELL
(Received for publication February 20,1947)
OULTRYMEN are vitally interested in methods of feeding layers and breeding hens to produce the greatest net returns. No one method has been devised that produces the greatest profit in terms of high egg production, low mortality, low labor, low feed cost and high hatchability. Every known feeding method is subject to some variations, and most of them have given satisfactory results with individual poultrymen. Although the free choice method of feeding has been used in Massachusetts many years, poultrymen have constantly asked about its merits compared with feeding all-mash or hand feeding of grain with hopper fed mash. Thus, this experiment was set up with the purpose of answering the above question.
P
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Kennard and Bethke (1926) reported a test using the "Big Five" mash (equal parts bran, middlings, yellow corn meal, ground oats and meat scraps) and a scratch feed of 2 parts cracked corn, 1 part oats and 1 part wheat. The mash was fed in hoppers, while the scratch feed was fed in the litter. This method was compared with an all-mash ration fed in hoppers.
Egg production and mortality result were practically identical. Martin and Insko (1934) compared an all-mash ration in hoppers with mash and grain feeding where the mash was fed in hoppers and the grain (whole yellow corn) was fed one-third in the morning and two-thirds in the afternoon. Their results indicated that in terms of winter and yearly egg production, feed consumption, flock mortality and hatchability the results were very similar for the pens of Leghorns and Barred Rocks in the test. It was noted that the all-mash method resulted in a wet litter problem. Graham (1935) studied individual pullet preferences for mash, corn and oats. His results showed that protein level seemed to be an individual characteristic as it showed less variation than intake of various ingredients, and that habit seemed to play an important part in the diet of individual birds. Robertson and co-workers (1939) compared a free choice 16.5 percent protein all-mash, a free choice 18.5 percent mash supplemented by restricted 4 p.m. feeding of wheat in the litter and hoppers, the same 18.5 percent protein mash plus wheat in the litter at 4 p.m. and pellets at
531
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University of Massachusetts, Amherst
532
JOHN H. VONDELL
EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS
The first year's test extended through nine lunar months, beginning December 1 and terminating August 28. The experiment consisted of two parts; a laying unit and a hatchability unit. Pens 5A and 5D were hopper fed laying mash and hand fed scratch feed in an amount to equal the mash consumption. Pens 5B and 5C were given free choice of laying mash, whole corn, wheat and oats. For the hatchability unit, Pens 21 and
24 were fed "free choice" like 5B and 5C except that a breeder mash was used in place of the laying mash during January, February and March. Pens 22 and 23 were hopper fed an all-mash, using a laying mash except during January, February and March when a breeder allmash was substituted. All pens had free access to a commercial lime covered grit, called Lime Roll. The rations were formulated by Dr. R. T. Parkhurst, former head of the Poultry Department. Long experience with free choice feeding has indicated that birds will consume about 30 percent mash to 70 percent hard grains. Therefore, a mash for free choice feeding might reasonably contain more protein and be fortified with additional vitamins and minerals to offset the lack of them in the grains. Briefly, the mash in the free choice pens contained 21 percent protein against 19 percent for the scratch and mash fed pens. The all-mash formula contained 17 percent protein. Pellets supplemented the all-mash during the winter months, being fed at the rate of about 3 pounds daily per 100 birds. During the breeding season the freechoice method used a 24 percent protein mash. In addition, the vitamin A, riboflavin, pantothenic acid, calcium, phosphprus and manganese were raised in the free choice mash over the mashscratch rations. Seventy R. I. Red pullets were housed in each of the 8 pens. Six males were used in each of the 4 hatching pens. Morning lights were usedDecember throughMarch. Production and population records were on a hen day basis. The results of the first experiment are given in Table 1. In the second experiment the same rations were used with 60 Rhode Island Red pullets in pens SA, SB, 5C, 5D and 80 Rhode Island Red pullets in pens 23 and 24. Pens 21 and 22 were not available.
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noon, and a free choice 41.3 percent protein concentrate supplemented with free choice of cracked corn, wheat and oats in separate hoppers. These workers concluded that in terms of egg production, yolk color, feed consumption, and feed cost per dozen eggs all methods were equally good except the all-mash. Callenbach and Murphy (1942) tested six feeding methods with White Leghorn and Barred Rock pullets. They found that free choice feeding of grain resulted in higher grain consumption. For the most part their experiments compared free choice feeding of mash and different restrictions of grain. Their results failed to demonstrate consistent differences in production between the different methods. Lee, Scholes and Henry (1944) conducted a two years' series of experiments comparing the free choice method of mash and grain feeding with mash in hoppers and hand feeding of grain. Their results indicated a loss in egg production and net returns on the free choice mash and grain method with Leghorns but no difference with R. I. Reds. Higher grain and lower mash consumption by the birds on the free choice grain and mash method emphasized the need of a mash with a higher content of vitamins than was necessary with the program where grain was hand fed.
533
METHODS or FEEDING LAYERS AND BREEDERS TABLE 1.—Results from the various feeding methods used in the first experiment Percent production by lunar months Feeding method
Pen no. Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug. Average
53.9 72.9 51.4 69.1 38.6 59.1 24.5 48.9
73.1 66.1 66.9 69.0
69.1 55.6 64.9 62.4
62.2 53.3 62.9 56.5 61.5 57.9 56.3 53.5
48.1 53.5 54.2 54.5
42.7 50.8 52.5 55.7
34.7 43.3 45.7 49.1
Dec. Free choice Scratch & Mash Free choice All-mash Free choice Free choice Scratch & Mash Scratch & Mash
5B&5C 5A&5D 21 &24 22 &23
Mortality (percent) Free choice Free choice All-mash All-mash
5B—22.9 5C—15.5 5A—15.7 5D—18.6
57.2 56.9 55.5 52.4
21—14.3 24—24.3 22—10.0 23—15.7
Free choice 5B & 5C Scratch-mash 5A & 5D All-mash Free choice 24
74.8 79.1 71.3 76.9
14.3 16.3 16.7 13.8
Thus, 5 A and 5D were hand fed scratch to equal the mash consumption, while 5B and 5C were given free choice of mash, com, wheat and oats. Pen 23 was fed on all mash. Pen 24 was fed similarly to 5B and 5C except that a breeding mash was given in the winter months. The period tested was from September 28 to August 29, 12 lunar months, The results from the second experiment are given in Table 2.
30.5
12.7
11.7
45.7
24.8
23.8
14.4
37.3
HATCHABILITY TESTS
In the first experiment five hatches consisting of a total of 1,000 eggs from each of pens 21, 22, 23 and 24 were incubated during February and March. Each pen contained 70 Rhode Island Red pullets and 6 Barred Plymouth Rock cockerels. The results by pens and by feeding methods are given in Table 3.
TABLE 2.—-Results from the various feeding methods used in the second experiment Feeding method
Percent production per lunar month Sept.
Free choice Scratch & Mash All-mash Free choice
Average
P e n no. 5B&5C 5A&5D 23 24
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb. Mar.
19.5 49.7 59.5 59.6 67.4 6 5 . 6 8.6 33.6 54.2 60.6 6 5 . 7 65.2 33;5 4 7 . 1 67.0 61.2 4 5 . 7 5 9 . 9 41.6 61.0 6 4 . 2 6 0 . 0 67.1 5 8 . 4
58.3 63.8 56.0 48.7
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
59.8 58.1 64.7 44.2
56.3 57.6 58.1 50.5
45.6 42.4 40.3 42.5
39.2 40.9 33.1 43.4
35.6 42.9 44.4 36.3
Mortality (percent) Scratch & M a s h 5D—12.3 All-mash 23 — 7.5 Freechoice 24—30.0
Free choice 5B—20.3 Freechoice 5 C—2 6 . 6 Scratch & Mash 5A—12.5
Food Consumption during the twelve lunar month period Total feed Average Percentage of foods selected in the consumption protein free choice pens per bird intake (pounds) (percent) Mash Oats Corn Free choice Scratch & Mash All-mash Free choice
5B & 5C 5A & 5 D 23 24
51.4 49.5 50.9 51.5
94.3 109.8 108.3 92.0
13.9 15.2 16.7 14.6
Wheat 11.2
21.3
38.6
14.0
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Feed Consumption during the nine month period Total feed Average Percentage of foods selected in consumption protein the free choice pens per bird intake (pounds) (percent) Mash Corn Oats Wheat
534
JOHN H. VONDELL
In the second experiment six hatches from pens 23 and 24 were incubated in February and March. Each pen contained 80 Rhode Island Red pullets and 7 Barred Plymouth Rock cockerels. The results are given in Table 4. DISCUSSION In terms of egg production no one feeding method seemed to have superiority.
their choice in the second experiment is unexplainable. In normal times, when the price of hard grains is much lower than mash, the pullets on the free choice method would be favored in the feed cost of producing a dozen eggs. Results of the two hatchability experiments would indicate that there was no
TABLE 3.—Hatching results infirstexperiment Pen
Free choice All-mash All-mash Free choice
Eggs set
No. of infertile eggs
1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000
173 262 218 260
TABLE 4.-—Hatching
Pen
23 24
Fed
All-mash Free choice
Percent hatch Percent hatch of fertile of total eggs eggs 86.8 89.5 89.1 90.4
71.8 66.1 68.6 66.9
results in second experiment
Eggs set
No. of infertile eggs
1,564 1,539
349 592
If anything, the free choice pens laid fewer eggs during the hot summer months of July and August, but the percent of production for the year was equal to the others. Mortality was consistently lower in the all-mash pens and highest in the free choice pens. This would indicate the need for a special mash when the free choice method is used. Wet litter was a constant problem during the winter in the all-mash pens. A uniform depth of about six inches of litter was maintained in all pens. The all-mash pens required frequent stirring of the litter to break up the wet crusty condition. Why the pullets with free choice of mash and grain preferred wheat over oats in the first experiment and then reversed
Percent hatch Percent hatch of fertile of total eggs eggs
82.9 86.9
64.4 53.4
difference in hatchability between hens maintained on the two feeding methods. SUMMARY Two year's experiments comparing the feeding of all-mash, scratch feed and mash and free choice of mash and hard grains are reported. The results indicate that egg production was nearly the same under the different methods of feeding. The all-mash method gave the lowest mortality. Hatchability was not affected by the methods of feeding. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Credit is due Dr. R. T. Parkhurst for formulating the rations and his continuous interest in the experiments. The author also wishes to express appreciation to Mr.
Downloaded from http://ps.oxfordjournals.org/ by guest on April 25, 2015
21 22 23 24
Fed
NEWS AND NOTES
Thornton Stevens, foreman of the College Poultry Plant, and his co-workers. REFERENCES
Catlenbach, E. W. and R. R. Murphy, 1942. Feeding systems for laying hens. Pennsylvania Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin 425. Graham, J. C , 1935. Individuality of pullets in balancing the ration. Poultry Sci. 18: 34-39. Kennard, D. C. and V. D. Chamberlin, 1926. The all-mash method of feeding for egg production.
535
Ohio Agricultural Experiment Station. Bimonthly Bull. 11: 181-187. Lee, C. E., J. C. Scholes and C. L. Henry, 1944. The effect of free choice grain feeding on egg production, feed consumption, body weight and egg quality. Poultry Sci. 23: 360-370. Martin, J. H. and VV. M. Insko, Jr., 1929. Feeding trials with laying hens. Poultry Sci. 13: 380. Robertson, E. I., J. S. Carver and J. W. Cook, 1939. Methods of feeding laying hens. Washington Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin 381.
News and Notes M E E T I N G - -JUNE
The 37th annual meeting of the Poultry Science Association was held at the Colorado A. & M. College, June 21-24, 1948. Total registration was 480 members and guests. Officers elected for the year 1948-49: president, H. M. Scott; 1st vice-president, W. M. Insko; 2nd vice president, W. R. Hinshaw; secretary-treasurer, E.M.Funk; directors, C. W. Upp, E. W. Callenbach, H. S. Wilgus, W. A. Maw, J. E. Parker. T. B. Avery was elected as an associate editor of POULTRY SCIENCE for the five year period 1949 through 1953. The Executive Committee accepted the invitation of the Ontario Agricultural College,. Guelph, Ontario, for the 1949 meeting (August 1-4). They also accepted the invitation of the University of Wisconsin for the 1950 meeting. A new constitution was adopted which will be mailed later to all members. Seventy-five applicants were accepted for active membership, 7 for associate membership and 18 associates for active membership. BORDEN AWARD
The $1,000 Borden Award with gold medal was presented to Dr. William Rus-
21-24,
1948
sell Hinshaw, Professor of Veterinary Science and Veterinarian in the Experiment Station, University of California at Davis, for outstanding research during
D R . W. R. HINSHAW WINNER or BORDEN AWARD
the past seven years in the field of avian veterinary science. He has made particularly important contributions to knowledge of salmonellas and their control, and is internationally known for his varied, extensive and productive research on turkey diseases.
(Continued on page 608)
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ANNUAL
Methods of Feeding Layers and Breeders JOHN H. VONDELL
(Received for publication February 20,1947)
OULTRYMEN are vitally interested in methods of feeding layers and breeding hens to produce the greatest net returns. No one method has been devised that produces the greatest profit in terms of high egg production, low mortality, low labor, low feed cost and high hatchability. Every known feeding method is subject to some variations, and most of them have given satisfactory results with individual poultrymen. Although the free choice method of feeding has been used in Massachusetts many years, poultrymen have constantly asked about its merits compared with feeding all-mash or hand feeding of grain with hopper fed mash. Thus, this experiment was set up with the purpose of answering the above question.
P
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Kennard and Bethke (1926) reported a test using the "Big Five" mash (equal parts bran, middlings, yellow corn meal, ground oats and meat scraps) and a scratch feed of 2 parts cracked corn, 1 part oats and 1 part wheat. The mash was fed in hoppers, while the scratch feed was fed in the litter. This method was compared with an all-mash ration fed in hoppers.
Egg production and mortality result were practically identical. Martin and Insko (1934) compared an all-mash ration in hoppers with mash and grain feeding where the mash was fed in hoppers and the grain (whole yellow corn) was fed one-third in the morning and two-thirds in the afternoon. Their results indicated that in terms of winter and yearly egg production, feed consumption, flock mortality and hatchability the results were very similar for the pens of Leghorns and Barred Rocks in the test. It was noted that the all-mash method resulted in a wet litter problem. Graham (1935) studied individual pullet preferences for mash, corn and oats. His results showed that protein level seemed to be an individual characteristic as it showed less variation than intake of various ingredients, and that habit seemed to play an important part in the diet of individual birds. Robertson and co-workers (1939) compared a free choice 16.5 percent protein all-mash, a free choice 18.5 percent mash supplemented by restricted 4 p.m. feeding of wheat in the litter and hoppers, the same 18.5 percent protein mash plus wheat in the litter at 4 p.m. and pellets at
531
Downloaded from http://ps.oxfordjournals.org/ by guest on April 25, 2015
University of Massachusetts, Amherst
532
JOHN H. VONDELL
EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS
The first year's test extended through nine lunar months, beginning December 1 and terminating August 28. The experiment consisted of two parts; a laying unit and a hatchability unit. Pens 5A and 5D were hopper fed laying mash and hand fed scratch feed in an amount to equal the mash consumption. Pens 5B and 5C were given free choice of laying mash, whole corn, wheat and oats. For the hatchability unit, Pens 21 and
24 were fed "free choice" like 5B and 5C except that a breeder mash was used in place of the laying mash during January, February and March. Pens 22 and 23 were hopper fed an all-mash, using a laying mash except during January, February and March when a breeder allmash was substituted. All pens had free access to a commercial lime covered grit, called Lime Roll. The rations were formulated by Dr. R. T. Parkhurst, former head of the Poultry Department. Long experience with free choice feeding has indicated that birds will consume about 30 percent mash to 70 percent hard grains. Therefore, a mash for free choice feeding might reasonably contain more protein and be fortified with additional vitamins and minerals to offset the lack of them in the grains. Briefly, the mash in the free choice pens contained 21 percent protein against 19 percent for the scratch and mash fed pens. The all-mash formula contained 17 percent protein. Pellets supplemented the all-mash during the winter months, being fed at the rate of about 3 pounds daily per 100 birds. During the breeding season the freechoice method used a 24 percent protein mash. In addition, the vitamin A, riboflavin, pantothenic acid, calcium, phosphprus and manganese were raised in the free choice mash over the mashscratch rations. Seventy R. I. Red pullets were housed in each of the 8 pens. Six males were used in each of the 4 hatching pens. Morning lights were usedDecember throughMarch. Production and population records were on a hen day basis. The results of the first experiment are given in Table 1. In the second experiment the same rations were used with 60 Rhode Island Red pullets in pens SA, SB, 5C, 5D and 80 Rhode Island Red pullets in pens 23 and 24. Pens 21 and 22 were not available.
Downloaded from http://ps.oxfordjournals.org/ by guest on April 25, 2015
noon, and a free choice 41.3 percent protein concentrate supplemented with free choice of cracked corn, wheat and oats in separate hoppers. These workers concluded that in terms of egg production, yolk color, feed consumption, and feed cost per dozen eggs all methods were equally good except the all-mash. Callenbach and Murphy (1942) tested six feeding methods with White Leghorn and Barred Rock pullets. They found that free choice feeding of grain resulted in higher grain consumption. For the most part their experiments compared free choice feeding of mash and different restrictions of grain. Their results failed to demonstrate consistent differences in production between the different methods. Lee, Scholes and Henry (1944) conducted a two years' series of experiments comparing the free choice method of mash and grain feeding with mash in hoppers and hand feeding of grain. Their results indicated a loss in egg production and net returns on the free choice mash and grain method with Leghorns but no difference with R. I. Reds. Higher grain and lower mash consumption by the birds on the free choice grain and mash method emphasized the need of a mash with a higher content of vitamins than was necessary with the program where grain was hand fed.
533
METHODS or FEEDING LAYERS AND BREEDERS TABLE 1.—Results from the various feeding methods used in the first experiment Percent production by lunar months Feeding method
Pen no. Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug. Average
53.9 72.9 51.4 69.1 38.6 59.1 24.5 48.9
73.1 66.1 66.9 69.0
69.1 55.6 64.9 62.4
62.2 53.3 62.9 56.5 61.5 57.9 56.3 53.5
48.1 53.5 54.2 54.5
42.7 50.8 52.5 55.7
34.7 43.3 45.7 49.1
Dec. Free choice Scratch & Mash Free choice All-mash Free choice Free choice Scratch & Mash Scratch & Mash
5B&5C 5A&5D 21 &24 22 &23
Mortality (percent) Free choice Free choice All-mash All-mash
5B—22.9 5C—15.5 5A—15.7 5D—18.6
57.2 56.9 55.5 52.4
21—14.3 24—24.3 22—10.0 23—15.7
Free choice 5B & 5C Scratch-mash 5A & 5D All-mash Free choice 24
74.8 79.1 71.3 76.9
14.3 16.3 16.7 13.8
Thus, 5 A and 5D were hand fed scratch to equal the mash consumption, while 5B and 5C were given free choice of mash, com, wheat and oats. Pen 23 was fed on all mash. Pen 24 was fed similarly to 5B and 5C except that a breeding mash was given in the winter months. The period tested was from September 28 to August 29, 12 lunar months, The results from the second experiment are given in Table 2.
30.5
12.7
11.7
45.7
24.8
23.8
14.4
37.3
HATCHABILITY TESTS
In the first experiment five hatches consisting of a total of 1,000 eggs from each of pens 21, 22, 23 and 24 were incubated during February and March. Each pen contained 70 Rhode Island Red pullets and 6 Barred Plymouth Rock cockerels. The results by pens and by feeding methods are given in Table 3.
TABLE 2.—-Results from the various feeding methods used in the second experiment Feeding method
Percent production per lunar month Sept.
Free choice Scratch & Mash All-mash Free choice
Average
P e n no. 5B&5C 5A&5D 23 24
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb. Mar.
19.5 49.7 59.5 59.6 67.4 6 5 . 6 8.6 33.6 54.2 60.6 6 5 . 7 65.2 33;5 4 7 . 1 67.0 61.2 4 5 . 7 5 9 . 9 41.6 61.0 6 4 . 2 6 0 . 0 67.1 5 8 . 4
58.3 63.8 56.0 48.7
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
59.8 58.1 64.7 44.2
56.3 57.6 58.1 50.5
45.6 42.4 40.3 42.5
39.2 40.9 33.1 43.4
35.6 42.9 44.4 36.3
Mortality (percent) Scratch & M a s h 5D—12.3 All-mash 23 — 7.5 Freechoice 24—30.0
Free choice 5B—20.3 Freechoice 5 C—2 6 . 6 Scratch & Mash 5A—12.5
Food Consumption during the twelve lunar month period Total feed Average Percentage of foods selected in the consumption protein free choice pens per bird intake (pounds) (percent) Mash Oats Corn Free choice Scratch & Mash All-mash Free choice
5B & 5C 5A & 5 D 23 24
51.4 49.5 50.9 51.5
94.3 109.8 108.3 92.0
13.9 15.2 16.7 14.6
Wheat 11.2
21.3
38.6
14.0
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Feed Consumption during the nine month period Total feed Average Percentage of foods selected in consumption protein the free choice pens per bird intake (pounds) (percent) Mash Corn Oats Wheat
534
JOHN H. VONDELL
In the second experiment six hatches from pens 23 and 24 were incubated in February and March. Each pen contained 80 Rhode Island Red pullets and 7 Barred Plymouth Rock cockerels. The results are given in Table 4. DISCUSSION In terms of egg production no one feeding method seemed to have superiority.
their choice in the second experiment is unexplainable. In normal times, when the price of hard grains is much lower than mash, the pullets on the free choice method would be favored in the feed cost of producing a dozen eggs. Results of the two hatchability experiments would indicate that there was no
TABLE 3.—Hatching results infirstexperiment Pen
Free choice All-mash All-mash Free choice
Eggs set
No. of infertile eggs
1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000
173 262 218 260
TABLE 4.-—Hatching
Pen
23 24
Fed
All-mash Free choice
Percent hatch Percent hatch of fertile of total eggs eggs 86.8 89.5 89.1 90.4
71.8 66.1 68.6 66.9
results in second experiment
Eggs set
No. of infertile eggs
1,564 1,539
349 592
If anything, the free choice pens laid fewer eggs during the hot summer months of July and August, but the percent of production for the year was equal to the others. Mortality was consistently lower in the all-mash pens and highest in the free choice pens. This would indicate the need for a special mash when the free choice method is used. Wet litter was a constant problem during the winter in the all-mash pens. A uniform depth of about six inches of litter was maintained in all pens. The all-mash pens required frequent stirring of the litter to break up the wet crusty condition. Why the pullets with free choice of mash and grain preferred wheat over oats in the first experiment and then reversed
Percent hatch Percent hatch of fertile of total eggs eggs
82.9 86.9
64.4 53.4
difference in hatchability between hens maintained on the two feeding methods. SUMMARY Two year's experiments comparing the feeding of all-mash, scratch feed and mash and free choice of mash and hard grains are reported. The results indicate that egg production was nearly the same under the different methods of feeding. The all-mash method gave the lowest mortality. Hatchability was not affected by the methods of feeding. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Credit is due Dr. R. T. Parkhurst for formulating the rations and his continuous interest in the experiments. The author also wishes to express appreciation to Mr.
Downloaded from http://ps.oxfordjournals.org/ by guest on April 25, 2015
21 22 23 24
Fed
NEWS AND NOTES
Thornton Stevens, foreman of the College Poultry Plant, and his co-workers. REFERENCES
Catlenbach, E. W. and R. R. Murphy, 1942. Feeding systems for laying hens. Pennsylvania Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin 425. Graham, J. C , 1935. Individuality of pullets in balancing the ration. Poultry Sci. 18: 34-39. Kennard, D. C. and V. D. Chamberlin, 1926. The all-mash method of feeding for egg production.
535
Ohio Agricultural Experiment Station. Bimonthly Bull. 11: 181-187. Lee, C. E., J. C. Scholes and C. L. Henry, 1944. The effect of free choice grain feeding on egg production, feed consumption, body weight and egg quality. Poultry Sci. 23: 360-370. Martin, J. H. and VV. M. Insko, Jr., 1929. Feeding trials with laying hens. Poultry Sci. 13: 380. Robertson, E. I., J. S. Carver and J. W. Cook, 1939. Methods of feeding laying hens. Washington Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin 381.
News and Notes M E E T I N G - -JUNE
The 37th annual meeting of the Poultry Science Association was held at the Colorado A. & M. College, June 21-24, 1948. Total registration was 480 members and guests. Officers elected for the year 1948-49: president, H. M. Scott; 1st vice-president, W. M. Insko; 2nd vice president, W. R. Hinshaw; secretary-treasurer, E.M.Funk; directors, C. W. Upp, E. W. Callenbach, H. S. Wilgus, W. A. Maw, J. E. Parker. T. B. Avery was elected as an associate editor of POULTRY SCIENCE for the five year period 1949 through 1953. The Executive Committee accepted the invitation of the Ontario Agricultural College,. Guelph, Ontario, for the 1949 meeting (August 1-4). They also accepted the invitation of the University of Wisconsin for the 1950 meeting. A new constitution was adopted which will be mailed later to all members. Seventy-five applicants were accepted for active membership, 7 for associate membership and 18 associates for active membership. BORDEN AWARD
The $1,000 Borden Award with gold medal was presented to Dr. William Rus-
21-24,
1948
sell Hinshaw, Professor of Veterinary Science and Veterinarian in the Experiment Station, University of California at Davis, for outstanding research during
D R . W. R. HINSHAW WINNER or BORDEN AWARD
the past seven years in the field of avian veterinary science. He has made particularly important contributions to knowledge of salmonellas and their control, and is internationally known for his varied, extensive and productive research on turkey diseases.
(Continued on page 608)
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ANNUAL