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Methods of recognizing periodic roof sag
226A
of m e a s u r e s i n the n o r t h e r n a n i s o u t h e r n p a r t o f the tumnel the i~fluemce of residual tectonical stresses of the o v e r ~ t of the Alps. Auth. 22~0 RATIGAN, J GRP tunnel linimgs. 5F. cir. E~NG.MARCH, 1974, P~3-47. The materials ard methods used in the manufacture of glass reinforced plastic pipes are described briefly, and the advantages of u s i ~ these pipes as l i n ~ s are outlined. The application of these pipes as a secomdary linimg to existing ~ e r ~ r o u n d structures is reviewed.
~m,~diate face area of extraction working during minimg out of coal seams from large pillars. 8F. SOVIET MIN.SCI Vg, N2,MARCH-APR.1973,PII7-122. To determine the characteristics of the stress-straln state in the vicinity of working faces of longwalls and the behaviour of the rocks of the main roof, special investigations ware performed in steep and inclined seams during extraction work from large p~llars. The Investl~atlon procedure included simultaneous study of stress redistribution ahead of t h e wcrkir~ faces and displacement of roof rocks, beginnir~ from the oDenir~-out raise for a distance of i00 m or mere to the strike of the seam. The rate of advance of the working faces was taken into account.
2241 HIILMAN, E 2247 Go u ~ r o u ~ . F~s. ~K, CIV. E ~ N G .MARC~, 1974, P22- 25 • CLIFTON, DF A proposal for road a ~ rall services in London to Cause and prevention of failure of freshly exposed "gO u D d e ~ r o u ~ " is ~ e s e m t e d , and coupled with a ahca-t ~le and -b-le materials in mime openings. 3OF. report of the confarence of the Worlds Great Cities, held US BUR.MI~S, OPEN FILE R E P ~ , O F R 31-74,JURE,1973, in T~kyo: The principle of People on the surface/Thirds II6P. u n d ~ r o u n d is advocated as an apt guide for civic planners. Samples of shale rocks were collected from several coal mines in the Western States and tested to determine how 2242 they c ~ d with time after exposure. The identity of WA.RD,WI-I the minerals present in the shales was determined by Future tunnelli~ in Britain. Figs,3T. X-ray diffraction, thermal analysis and optical microCIV.E~.MARCH, i~74,P28-31. SCOpy. The amount of tumnelli~ that is likely to be undertaken in the followin~ future periods is assessed:2248 (i) ~ - , ~ a t e (the ~ ~ ~ s ) ; (2) med.l.,.mrterm (the REIK, G VARDAR, M ~ to ~ ~ . ) ; (3) l ~ ~ (the ~-~ 15 to 30 years). The amount o f tummelli~ is classified accordAre residual stresses related to tectonic deformaing to use~ the six -~in uses being sewers, water, tion. In G*~=~. IOF,1T,7R. cables, ra~_lways, roads add ~as. ROCK MECHANICS,V6, NI, 1974, PIOI-I!6. In-situ stress measurements and the direct determination of residual elastic strain at a ~ranular scale indicate In-situ stresses in ground and stress that durir6 diagenetic and tectonic processes elastic energy may be stored in rocks amd rock masses. Modal around underground openings experiments hav~ been conducted to gain better under2243 standing of such processes. Auth. ERLIKH~,FM INST.MIN.SI~.BRANCH AS USRR, SU The displacement field around a working of circular cross section. 4T,3R. SOVIET MIN. SCI. Vg, ~ , JULY'AUG. 1973, P364- 367. Su rface subsidence and caving ~he p~per ~ i ~ s a m~nerical analysis of the displacement field in the plastic zone in the case of the plane visco2249 :~-~OV,VY elastic comlm~ession of a plane with a circular hole. Methods of recOAv~zin~ periodic roof sag. 2F,2R. 2244 SOVIET MIN. SCI.Vg, N4, JULY- gRIT.1973, P359-363. KUNIN, IA INST.MINING, SIBER. BRANCH. A. S., SU The indices by which investigators establish the exlster~e SOSNINA, ~ INST.MINING, S I ~ . BRANCH.A.S., SU of periodic sags can re divided into main and auxiliary. The main indices are associated with rock ~ressure maniThe state of stress of an elastic layer in a medium. IF, 3T. festations (ronf convergence, loads on supports, and the SOVIET MIN.SCl.Vg, N2,MARCH-APR.1973, P129-133. state of the roof); the auxilliary indices are associated with rock ~ressure manifestations which have only an inThe paper consists of four sections. In the first secdirect influence on the operation of the suppcrts. Protion, fcrmIxlas for the bulk state of stress in a hcribability methods are considered to reveal periodic sag. zontal seam for the isotropic and transversely isotropic As a chief parameter of its appearance, roof convergence cases are given. In the second section an inclined values at t h e boundary of t h e face a r e Used. All other seam is considered. Sections 3 and 4 apply a ger~ralizaindices can only confirm or refute the conclusions tion to the ease of arbitrary anisotropy. reached at the time of the study. T200 statistical models are used. Their soundness is based on the assumption that 2245 the sample population of rock pressure mamifestations has SH~IN, M ~ NOVOSIBIRSK STATE UNIV.SU been ol~alned by means of random samplirg. The state of stress near the bottom of a mine
~;
BF,4R.
SOVIET MIN. SCl.Vg, N2,MARCH'AFR. 1973, P123-128 • The state of stress ar~ deformation in the solid rock near a ~ t l c a l cylindrical working of circular crosssection has been investigated. One end of the vertical opening was at the surface. The resulting "plasticity curve" gave some idea of the viscoelastic state of the rock near the shaft far from the surface.
2246 HURASHEV, VI PE~,AI ME~CH~,BG Characteristics of
FRCKOPEV~L GROUP OF FRCKOFEVSKL'GOL GROUP OF PRCKOPEVSK~ GROUP OF the stress-strain state
MINEs, ST] MI~,SU MINES, SU of the
2250 POI"I's,EL Minlmg subsider~e and the enviro~nent. In Minerals and the environment, Paper 28. Figs.Tabls,Refs. INSTN. MIN. METALL .1974, 23P. A brief review is made of various earlier reports on mlnir6 subsidence, add s p e c i a l attention is drawn to the availability of authoritative publications by the N.C.B. on subsidence eni~-erimg based on a massive collection of data over many areas.
of m e a s u r e s i n the n o r t h e r n a n i s o u t h e r n p a r t o f the tumnel the i~fluemce of residual tectonical stresses of the o v e r ~ t of the Alps. Auth. 22~0 RATIGAN, J GRP tunnel linimgs. 5F. cir. E~NG.MARCH, 1974, P~3-47. The materials ard methods used in the manufacture of glass reinforced plastic pipes are described briefly, and the advantages of u s i ~ these pipes as l i n ~ s are outlined. The application of these pipes as a secomdary linimg to existing ~ e r ~ r o u n d structures is reviewed.
~m,~diate face area of extraction working during minimg out of coal seams from large pillars. 8F. SOVIET MIN.SCI Vg, N2,MARCH-APR.1973,PII7-122. To determine the characteristics of the stress-straln state in the vicinity of working faces of longwalls and the behaviour of the rocks of the main roof, special investigations ware performed in steep and inclined seams during extraction work from large p~llars. The Investl~atlon procedure included simultaneous study of stress redistribution ahead of t h e wcrkir~ faces and displacement of roof rocks, beginnir~ from the oDenir~-out raise for a distance of i00 m or mere to the strike of the seam. The rate of advance of the working faces was taken into account.
2241 HIILMAN, E 2247 Go u ~ r o u ~ . F~s. ~K, CIV. E ~ N G .MARC~, 1974, P22- 25 • CLIFTON, DF A proposal for road a ~ rall services in London to Cause and prevention of failure of freshly exposed "gO u D d e ~ r o u ~ " is ~ e s e m t e d , and coupled with a ahca-t ~le and -b-le materials in mime openings. 3OF. report of the confarence of the Worlds Great Cities, held US BUR.MI~S, OPEN FILE R E P ~ , O F R 31-74,JURE,1973, in T~kyo: The principle of People on the surface/Thirds II6P. u n d ~ r o u n d is advocated as an apt guide for civic planners. Samples of shale rocks were collected from several coal mines in the Western States and tested to determine how 2242 they c ~ d with time after exposure. The identity of WA.RD,WI-I the minerals present in the shales was determined by Future tunnelli~ in Britain. Figs,3T. X-ray diffraction, thermal analysis and optical microCIV.E~.MARCH, i~74,P28-31. SCOpy. The amount of tumnelli~ that is likely to be undertaken in the followin~ future periods is assessed:2248 (i) ~ - , ~ a t e (the ~ ~ ~ s ) ; (2) med.l.,.mrterm (the REIK, G VARDAR, M ~ to ~ ~ . ) ; (3) l ~ ~ (the ~-~ 15 to 30 years). The amount o f tummelli~ is classified accordAre residual stresses related to tectonic deformaing to use~ the six -~in uses being sewers, water, tion. In G*~=~. IOF,1T,7R. cables, ra~_lways, roads add ~as. ROCK MECHANICS,V6, NI, 1974, PIOI-I!6. In-situ stress measurements and the direct determination of residual elastic strain at a ~ranular scale indicate In-situ stresses in ground and stress that durir6 diagenetic and tectonic processes elastic energy may be stored in rocks amd rock masses. Modal around underground openings experiments hav~ been conducted to gain better under2243 standing of such processes. Auth. ERLIKH~,FM INST.MIN.SI~.BRANCH AS USRR, SU The displacement field around a working of circular cross section. 4T,3R. SOVIET MIN. SCI. Vg, ~ , JULY'AUG. 1973, P364- 367. Su rface subsidence and caving ~he p~per ~ i ~ s a m~nerical analysis of the displacement field in the plastic zone in the case of the plane visco2249 :~-~OV,VY elastic comlm~ession of a plane with a circular hole. Methods of recOAv~zin~ periodic roof sag. 2F,2R. 2244 SOVIET MIN. SCI.Vg, N4, JULY- gRIT.1973, P359-363. KUNIN, IA INST.MINING, SIBER. BRANCH. A. S., SU The indices by which investigators establish the exlster~e SOSNINA, ~ INST.MINING, S I ~ . BRANCH.A.S., SU of periodic sags can re divided into main and auxiliary. The main indices are associated with rock ~ressure maniThe state of stress of an elastic layer in a medium. IF, 3T. festations (ronf convergence, loads on supports, and the SOVIET MIN.SCl.Vg, N2,MARCH-APR.1973, P129-133. state of the roof); the auxilliary indices are associated with rock ~ressure manifestations which have only an inThe paper consists of four sections. In the first secdirect influence on the operation of the suppcrts. Protion, fcrmIxlas for the bulk state of stress in a hcribability methods are considered to reveal periodic sag. zontal seam for the isotropic and transversely isotropic As a chief parameter of its appearance, roof convergence cases are given. In the second section an inclined values at t h e boundary of t h e face a r e Used. All other seam is considered. Sections 3 and 4 apply a ger~ralizaindices can only confirm or refute the conclusions tion to the ease of arbitrary anisotropy. reached at the time of the study. T200 statistical models are used. Their soundness is based on the assumption that 2245 the sample population of rock pressure mamifestations has SH~IN, M ~ NOVOSIBIRSK STATE UNIV.SU been ol~alned by means of random samplirg. The state of stress near the bottom of a mine
~;
BF,4R.
SOVIET MIN. SCl.Vg, N2,MARCH'AFR. 1973, P123-128 • The state of stress ar~ deformation in the solid rock near a ~ t l c a l cylindrical working of circular crosssection has been investigated. One end of the vertical opening was at the surface. The resulting "plasticity curve" gave some idea of the viscoelastic state of the rock near the shaft far from the surface.
2246 HURASHEV, VI PE~,AI ME~CH~,BG Characteristics of
FRCKOPEV~L GROUP OF FRCKOFEVSKL'GOL GROUP OF PRCKOPEVSK~ GROUP OF the stress-strain state
MINEs, ST] MI~,SU MINES, SU of the
2250 POI"I's,EL Minlmg subsider~e and the enviro~nent. In Minerals and the environment, Paper 28. Figs.Tabls,Refs. INSTN. MIN. METALL .1974, 23P. A brief review is made of various earlier reports on mlnir6 subsidence, add s p e c i a l attention is drawn to the availability of authoritative publications by the N.C.B. on subsidence eni~-erimg based on a massive collection of data over many areas.