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Methyl isobutyl ketone
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long-term occupational exposure. The book concludes that exposure of the general population to deltamethrin is very low and that, provided recommended rates of application are followed, use of this insecticide is unlikely to present a hazard to either occupationallyexposed workers or the environment. The book is recommended as a reference for libraries.
Cyhalothrin. Environmental Health Criteria 99. World Health Organization Publications, Geneva, Switzerland, 1990. 106 pp. (ISBN 92 4 154299 3) Sw.fr. 14.-/$12.60 softcover. This book evaluates the risks to human health and the environment posed by the use of cyhalothrin, a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide having a high level of activity against a wide range of agricultural pests. Cyhalothrin is also used in public health and animal health, where it effectively controls a broad spectrum of insects, including cockroaches, flies, mosquitos, and ticks. The book finds no evidence of carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, or disturbed reproductive functions, and no evidence of adverse effects on any aspect of fetal development at any of the experimental doses used. Of particular interest are the effects on humans, notably the clinical significance of a subjective facial sensation reported in laboratory workers, workers in manufacturing plants, and field operators handling cyhalothrin. While noting the documented occurrence of this syndrome, the report concludes that it is a transient phenomenon, that symptoms are not associated with objective physical signs, and that recovery is complete. The report concludes that, when recommended safety precautions and rates of application are followed, cyhalothrin is highly unlikely to pose a risk to the health of the environment, the general public, or occupationally-exposed workers.
Tri-n-Butyl Phospate. Environmental Health Criteria 112. World Health Organization Publications, Geneva, Switzerland, 1991.80 pp. (ISBN 92 4 157112 8) Sw.fr. 1 I.-/$9.90 softcover. This book evaluates risks to human health and the environment posed by the production and use of trin-butyl phosphate. Tri-n-butyl phosphate is widely used worldwide as a solvent for cellulose esters, lacquers, and natural gums as a primary plasticizer in the manufacture of plastics and vinyl resins, in the formulation of fire-resistant aircraft hydraulic fluids, and as an antifoaming agent, mainly in paper manufac-
617
turing plants. In view of several weaknesses in available experimental data, the report was unable to reach firm conclusions concerning the risks posed by tri-nbutyl phosphate as a potential carcinogen, neurotoxic agent or dermal sensitizer, though a neurotoxic effect comparable to organo-phosphate-induced delayed neuropathy was judged unlikely. The evaluation of data on risks to humans is largely confined to reports of headache, nausea, and irritation of the skin, eye, and mucous membrane observed in workers. The report concludes that the production and use of tri-n-butyl phosphate pose a low risk for the environment and for the general population, and that the likelihood of long-term effects in occupationally exposed workers is small. The book is recommended as a reference for libraries.
Tributyltin Compounds. Environmental Health Criteria 116. World Health Organization Publications, Geneva, Switzerland, 1990. 273 pp. (ISBN 92 4 157116 0) Sw.fr. 29.-/$26.10 softcover. This book evaluates risks to human health and the environment posed by the use of tributyltin compounds as molluscicides, antifoulants on boats, ships, quays, buoys, and equipment in the fishing industry, as wood preservatives, and as slimicides on masonry. Tributyltin compounds are also used as biocides for cooling systems, power station cooling towers, pulp and paper mills, textile mills, and breweries. These compounds pose a particular threat to the marine environment in view of their documented high toxicity to aquatic organisms, including commercially important shellfish. The book concludes that tributyltin compounds are a severe irritant to human skin and an extreme irritant to the eye, and that inhalation of aerosols can have especially hazardous effects on the respiratory tract. Despite the large body of experimental studies documenting toxicity, the book was unable to quantify the risk to humans posed by the consumption of contaminated fish and shellfish. This book is recommended as a reference in libraries.
Methyl Isobutyl Ketone. Environmental Health Criteria 117. World Health Organization Publications, Geneva, Switzerland, 1990. 79 pp. (ISBN 92 4 157117 9) Sw.fr. 1I.-/$9.99 softcover. This book evaluates risks to human health and the environment posed by the widespread production and use of methyl isobutyl ketone as a solvent, with major
61S
applications in the production of lacquers and paint solvents, including car and industrial spray paints. Methyl isobutyl ketone also occurs naturally in food, is a permitted flavouring agent, and is used in food contact packaging materials. The book concludes that exposure to methyl isobutyl ketone can cause eye and respiratory irritation as well as symptoms of headache, nausea, and vertigo. It finds no evidence that exposure to this chemical causes permanent damage to the nervous system of workers or that its presence in the environment and in food poses any threat to the general population.
Forest Industry Wastewaters. Proceedings of the Third International Association on Water Pollution Research and Control (IAWPRC) Symposium on Forest Industry Wastewaters, held in Tampere, Finland, 5-8 June 1990. Pergamon Press, Oxford, U.K. 447 pp. (ISBN 008 0411509) £85.00/$162.00 softcover. The progress of the pulp and paper industry worldwide to minimise its environmental impact is summarised in these proceedings, 46 selected papers, and posters from a symposium, which attracted experts from those countries with a significant presence in this industry. Particular attention was paid to slowly biodegradable compounds and nutrients. Amongst the latest innovations in control measures described here, are techniques for dealing with organochlorine compounds in effluents, particularly those from bleaching. There are also reports on the activated sludge treatments now being applied to achieve acceptable levels of nutrients. The environmental effects of mill effluents are described, as are the regulatory and policy frameworks in the USA, Scandinavia, continental Europe, and Australasia. The theoretical and case studies in these proceedings constitute a review of water pollution control in the pulp and paper industry. As such, this volume will be of interest to those who are concerned with ensuring that exploitation of forest resources does not harm the water environment. It is recommended as a reference for libraries.
Incinerating Municipal and Industrial Waste. Richard W. Bryers, ed. Hemisphere Publishing Corporation, Bristol, PA, 1991. 411 pp. (ISBN 1-56032145-8) hardcover. The American Society of Mechanical Engineers in conjunction with the International Engineering Foundation and the National Association of Corrosion En-
Books
gineers, organized a symposium in October 1989. This book is the compilation of papers presented at that symposium. The objective of the conference was to bring together plant operators, equipment designers, and researchers to discuss, through formal and informal interactions, the cause and cure for hightemperature corrosion and deposits due to impurities in flue gas from the combustion of industrial and municipal refuse. It was the desire of the conference organizers to identify those constituents in refuse responsible for fireside problems, the mechanisms by which these impurities deposit and cause corrosion on heat transfer surfaces, economically viable solutions, and the areas in which further research may produce the most promising results. This book is recommended as a reference for libraries:
Spatial Data Analysis in the Social and Environmental Sciences. Robert Haining. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U.K. 1990. 409 pp. (ISBN 0 521 38416 8) £45.00/$65.00 hardcover. A spatial data set is a data set in which each observation is referenced to a site or area. Within both the social and environmental sciences, much of the data collected is within a spatial context and requires statistical analysis for interpretation. The purpose of this book, therefore, is to describe to students and research workers in the social and environmental sciences, current methods available for the analyses of spatial data. Methods described include data description, map interpolation, exploratory, and explanatory analyses. The book also examines how spatial referencing raises a distinctive set of issues for the data analyst and recognises the need to test underlying statistical assumptions. Further, methods for detecting problems, assessing their seriousness, and taking appropriate action are discussed. This is an important text for any academic discipline that requires a broad overview of current theoretical and applied work available for the analysis of spatial data sets. It will be of particular use to research workers and final year undergraduates in the fields of geography, environmental sciences, and social sciences. It is recommended as a desk copy and a library reference.
Transfer of Radionuclides in Natural and Semi-Natural Environments. G. Desmet, P. Nassimbeni, and M. Belli, eds. Elsevier Applied Science Publishers Ltd.,
long-term occupational exposure. The book concludes that exposure of the general population to deltamethrin is very low and that, provided recommended rates of application are followed, use of this insecticide is unlikely to present a hazard to either occupationallyexposed workers or the environment. The book is recommended as a reference for libraries.
Cyhalothrin. Environmental Health Criteria 99. World Health Organization Publications, Geneva, Switzerland, 1990. 106 pp. (ISBN 92 4 154299 3) Sw.fr. 14.-/$12.60 softcover. This book evaluates the risks to human health and the environment posed by the use of cyhalothrin, a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide having a high level of activity against a wide range of agricultural pests. Cyhalothrin is also used in public health and animal health, where it effectively controls a broad spectrum of insects, including cockroaches, flies, mosquitos, and ticks. The book finds no evidence of carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, or disturbed reproductive functions, and no evidence of adverse effects on any aspect of fetal development at any of the experimental doses used. Of particular interest are the effects on humans, notably the clinical significance of a subjective facial sensation reported in laboratory workers, workers in manufacturing plants, and field operators handling cyhalothrin. While noting the documented occurrence of this syndrome, the report concludes that it is a transient phenomenon, that symptoms are not associated with objective physical signs, and that recovery is complete. The report concludes that, when recommended safety precautions and rates of application are followed, cyhalothrin is highly unlikely to pose a risk to the health of the environment, the general public, or occupationally-exposed workers.
Tri-n-Butyl Phospate. Environmental Health Criteria 112. World Health Organization Publications, Geneva, Switzerland, 1991.80 pp. (ISBN 92 4 157112 8) Sw.fr. 1 I.-/$9.90 softcover. This book evaluates risks to human health and the environment posed by the production and use of trin-butyl phosphate. Tri-n-butyl phosphate is widely used worldwide as a solvent for cellulose esters, lacquers, and natural gums as a primary plasticizer in the manufacture of plastics and vinyl resins, in the formulation of fire-resistant aircraft hydraulic fluids, and as an antifoaming agent, mainly in paper manufac-
617
turing plants. In view of several weaknesses in available experimental data, the report was unable to reach firm conclusions concerning the risks posed by tri-nbutyl phosphate as a potential carcinogen, neurotoxic agent or dermal sensitizer, though a neurotoxic effect comparable to organo-phosphate-induced delayed neuropathy was judged unlikely. The evaluation of data on risks to humans is largely confined to reports of headache, nausea, and irritation of the skin, eye, and mucous membrane observed in workers. The report concludes that the production and use of tri-n-butyl phosphate pose a low risk for the environment and for the general population, and that the likelihood of long-term effects in occupationally exposed workers is small. The book is recommended as a reference for libraries.
Tributyltin Compounds. Environmental Health Criteria 116. World Health Organization Publications, Geneva, Switzerland, 1990. 273 pp. (ISBN 92 4 157116 0) Sw.fr. 29.-/$26.10 softcover. This book evaluates risks to human health and the environment posed by the use of tributyltin compounds as molluscicides, antifoulants on boats, ships, quays, buoys, and equipment in the fishing industry, as wood preservatives, and as slimicides on masonry. Tributyltin compounds are also used as biocides for cooling systems, power station cooling towers, pulp and paper mills, textile mills, and breweries. These compounds pose a particular threat to the marine environment in view of their documented high toxicity to aquatic organisms, including commercially important shellfish. The book concludes that tributyltin compounds are a severe irritant to human skin and an extreme irritant to the eye, and that inhalation of aerosols can have especially hazardous effects on the respiratory tract. Despite the large body of experimental studies documenting toxicity, the book was unable to quantify the risk to humans posed by the consumption of contaminated fish and shellfish. This book is recommended as a reference in libraries.
Methyl Isobutyl Ketone. Environmental Health Criteria 117. World Health Organization Publications, Geneva, Switzerland, 1990. 79 pp. (ISBN 92 4 157117 9) Sw.fr. 1I.-/$9.99 softcover. This book evaluates risks to human health and the environment posed by the widespread production and use of methyl isobutyl ketone as a solvent, with major
61S
applications in the production of lacquers and paint solvents, including car and industrial spray paints. Methyl isobutyl ketone also occurs naturally in food, is a permitted flavouring agent, and is used in food contact packaging materials. The book concludes that exposure to methyl isobutyl ketone can cause eye and respiratory irritation as well as symptoms of headache, nausea, and vertigo. It finds no evidence that exposure to this chemical causes permanent damage to the nervous system of workers or that its presence in the environment and in food poses any threat to the general population.
Forest Industry Wastewaters. Proceedings of the Third International Association on Water Pollution Research and Control (IAWPRC) Symposium on Forest Industry Wastewaters, held in Tampere, Finland, 5-8 June 1990. Pergamon Press, Oxford, U.K. 447 pp. (ISBN 008 0411509) £85.00/$162.00 softcover. The progress of the pulp and paper industry worldwide to minimise its environmental impact is summarised in these proceedings, 46 selected papers, and posters from a symposium, which attracted experts from those countries with a significant presence in this industry. Particular attention was paid to slowly biodegradable compounds and nutrients. Amongst the latest innovations in control measures described here, are techniques for dealing with organochlorine compounds in effluents, particularly those from bleaching. There are also reports on the activated sludge treatments now being applied to achieve acceptable levels of nutrients. The environmental effects of mill effluents are described, as are the regulatory and policy frameworks in the USA, Scandinavia, continental Europe, and Australasia. The theoretical and case studies in these proceedings constitute a review of water pollution control in the pulp and paper industry. As such, this volume will be of interest to those who are concerned with ensuring that exploitation of forest resources does not harm the water environment. It is recommended as a reference for libraries.
Incinerating Municipal and Industrial Waste. Richard W. Bryers, ed. Hemisphere Publishing Corporation, Bristol, PA, 1991. 411 pp. (ISBN 1-56032145-8) hardcover. The American Society of Mechanical Engineers in conjunction with the International Engineering Foundation and the National Association of Corrosion En-
Books
gineers, organized a symposium in October 1989. This book is the compilation of papers presented at that symposium. The objective of the conference was to bring together plant operators, equipment designers, and researchers to discuss, through formal and informal interactions, the cause and cure for hightemperature corrosion and deposits due to impurities in flue gas from the combustion of industrial and municipal refuse. It was the desire of the conference organizers to identify those constituents in refuse responsible for fireside problems, the mechanisms by which these impurities deposit and cause corrosion on heat transfer surfaces, economically viable solutions, and the areas in which further research may produce the most promising results. This book is recommended as a reference for libraries:
Spatial Data Analysis in the Social and Environmental Sciences. Robert Haining. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U.K. 1990. 409 pp. (ISBN 0 521 38416 8) £45.00/$65.00 hardcover. A spatial data set is a data set in which each observation is referenced to a site or area. Within both the social and environmental sciences, much of the data collected is within a spatial context and requires statistical analysis for interpretation. The purpose of this book, therefore, is to describe to students and research workers in the social and environmental sciences, current methods available for the analyses of spatial data. Methods described include data description, map interpolation, exploratory, and explanatory analyses. The book also examines how spatial referencing raises a distinctive set of issues for the data analyst and recognises the need to test underlying statistical assumptions. Further, methods for detecting problems, assessing their seriousness, and taking appropriate action are discussed. This is an important text for any academic discipline that requires a broad overview of current theoretical and applied work available for the analysis of spatial data sets. It will be of particular use to research workers and final year undergraduates in the fields of geography, environmental sciences, and social sciences. It is recommended as a desk copy and a library reference.
Transfer of Radionuclides in Natural and Semi-Natural Environments. G. Desmet, P. Nassimbeni, and M. Belli, eds. Elsevier Applied Science Publishers Ltd.,