Micro-computer system for quantitative image analysis of damage microstructure

619

Journal of Nuclear Materials 122 & 123 (1984) 619-623 North-Holland, Amsterdam

MICRO-COMPUTER

SYSTEM

FOR QUANTITATIVE

IMAGE

ANALYSIS

Akira

Yutaka

KOHNO,

SATOH

and

KOHYAMA.

Department JAPAN

of Materials

Katsuhiko

University

Science,

OF DAMAGE

Naohiro

of Tokyo.

MICROSTRUCTURE

IGATA

Hongo

7-3-1,

Bunkyo-ku,

Tokyo

113,

Quantitative image analysis of radiation induced damage microstructure is very important in evaluating material behaviors in radiation environment. But, quite a few improvement have been The objective of this seen in quantitative analysis of damage microstructure in these decades. work is to develop new system for quantitative image analysis of damage microstucrure which could improve accuracy and efficiency of data sampling and processing and could enable to get new information about mutual relations among dislocations, precipitates, cavities, grain In this system, data sampling is done with X-Y digitizer. The cavity boundaries, etc.. microstructure in dual-ion irradiated 316 SS is analyzed and the effectiveness of this system is discussed.

from

1. INTRODUCTION Quantitative

image

microstructure material

is very

behaviors

reactors.

The

analysis important

in

both

fission

quantitative for

as quantitative

metallography19'

based to

and

soft-

analyses

the

and

have

analysis

have

The

objective

compact

and

image

analysis

could

improve

sampling to get among

of

and new

of damage

dislocations,

as

damage

analyzing

to

used.

develop

which

and

of

could

mutual

precipitates,

data

enable

relations

control

hard

is

2.1.

OF THE

System

Hardwares Fig.1. The

microcomputer keyboard

in

and

monitor

Physics

system

are

Electric CRT.

outlined

device

For

in

is PC-8801

Co.,Ltd. ) with data

aquisition

0 Elsevier Science Publishers Publishing Division)

B.V.

the

University ) is

used

system

through coupler

In most

TV

step it

camera of

experiences. for

cavity

and

on

multi-

hard

printing For

building

up

machine

in

M-280H

with

linkage

VOS3

with

our

system

with

by 300 baud.

signal

VTR

damage

are

image

input

devices

adopted

as

aquisition, to

on

make

but

they

are

in

delicate which

plenty

analyzers

the

but

photomicrograph

based

measurements,

getting

general-purpose

data

Particle

For

is and

or

impossible

judged

bytes

printer.

communication

or

2M

data,

and

data

the

RS232C

the

mainframe

( HITAC

figure

is almost

usualy

of

analogue-video

interpretation is

and

advanced

under

storage

matrix

the

under

the

about

on-

picked

8" floppy

programs.

volume

of Tokyo

system

as

of

dot

huge

file

pointer

of analyzed

libraries,

them

processing

( Nippon

0022-3 11_5/84/$03.00

(North-Holland

this

by

and

are

program.

is linked,

processing

first

SYSTEM

the

data

of control

data

sound

of

capacity

copies

) is directly

Y coordinates

aquisition

plotter

Houston

of PC-8801.

auxilliary

analyzers.

Hardwares

central

X-Y

HIPAD

bus

X and

with

realized

such 2. OUTLINE

DT-11, data

data

graphic

color

X-Y digitizer(

handling

of

preservation

cavities,

etc..

of

up by manual

for

for quantitative

about

values

system

efficiency

processing

board

used

being

is

Model to the

disk

microstructure and

informations

grain-boundaries,

work

instruments connected

general

But,

and

dominantly

of

photographs,

computer-

induced

system

accuracy data

for

established.

this

inexpensive

fusion

developed

and

counting

been

and

been

radiation

visual

still

has

hard-wares

been

of

microstructures, methods

metals

damage

analysis

microstructures

methods

of

in evaluating

TEM

human also

only

used

measure

620

I

DATA

.

L BJock

cavities every

diagram

of system

as 'spherical

cases.

method

At

using data

high

performance.

cost

2.2. System

input

system

which

is

utilized

FILE is

measurement data

sequential

on experimental positional

random 'dpa', 'cavity

FILE. file

measured

file,

'swelling', number

distribution',

the

in

FILE,

very

in our case

Fig.2.

density',

experimental

Three work

ANALYZED-DATA

are

results

stored.

to

FILE

hardware

control

system. to

ProgramCO~TROi

FILE

i.e., photo-data

data

DATA

and

raw

data

cavity

by X-Y type such

data

controls

as

first

size and

or

data

of file-heading name, name,

date

and

this

place

of

files.

ANALYZEDFILE

Program

photographs

input

which

menu

is executed,

PHOTO-DATA

or

TABLET on

X-Y

FILES.

At

procedure

contains

experiment,

number.

other

programs

data

making

program.

is prompted

photo-plate

possible

in which

action

program,

system

for

main

generating

from

and generates

in starting

are

Serializes-DATA

work

input

and

three

or

from

in our

program

aquisition making

to another

digitizer

diameter',

'cavity condition

FILE

of

their

of successive

involves

is

are

dpa,

FILES.

if necessary,

is main

PHOTO-DATA

FILE

language

There

some

versus

generated

programs

modified,

corresponding

jumping

is

data

ANALYZED-DATA

in BASIC

be easily

of comparing

swelling

object

all

microstructures

In case

SERIALIZED-DATA corresponding

sellection

digitized

of damage

or arranging

and

and analyzed 'average

of

by

on a photograph

ANALYZED-DATA

access

in

in

generated

conditions

data

digitizer.

in

are

and SERIALIZED-DATA of

and

structure

is shown

files

e.g. PHOTO-DATA

type

better

so on

are written

software

programs

is

input

Softwares of

of

in almost

manual

analysis

Almost

scheme

types

type

our

application

The

swelling

FIGURE 1 in quantitative image

hardwares

digitizer

flexible

-I

-_---_-----_

shaped'

present,

X-Y

STORE -.

w-w-

file

sample

irradiation

A. Kohyama

et al. /Micro-computer

system for quantitative

of this data

general program control

in

figures

calculated

[PHOTOGRAPHI

In ANALYSIS,

routine.

of

and

parameters

print

magnification

cavity

number

DATA

and

measured

TEM

foil

messages.

Then,

figure-input input

'circle',

are

picks

digitizer. 'circle' Picked

FILE

Program

FILES

from

order

PHOTO-DATA

ordinary versioned

of

use

in

ANALYSIS

figure-

on

input and

into with

their

is called

standpoints.

Programs

DATA

FILES.

can

same

time.

measurement, at

the

handle For non-

beginning

each

inspect

the

output

the

file

such

as

be shown

material

and

stored

FILE.

By

results

FILE, FILE

as this from

and SDF-OUT

of CONTROL to

and

irradiation

rate,

ADF-OUT

data

another

parameters

PHOTO-DATA

managememt

are

ANALYZED-

course,

swelling

PDF-OUT, to call

dose

etc.

object

Of

FILE and SERIALIZED-DATA

under

have

ANALYZED-

respectively

program

monitor

CRT

and to or

dot

printer.

3. APPLICATIONS 3.1. Two-step

TO CAVITY Separate

MEASUREMENTS Cavity

Counting

Method

their

ANALYZED-DATA

which

cavity

various

PHOTO-

figure

can

of a

cavity

density

SERIALIZED-DATA

we

ordinarily.

PHOTO-DATA

the

the

can

results

example,

displacement etc.

to produce

average

number

the

be also

of ANALYZED-

the

For

variables

specific

functions

used

into

and

can

a set

swelling

program

measurement,

produces

at

'dot',

mode,

figures

stored

a version

of

'polygon'

is used

number

FILES

and

cavity

are

ANALYSIS

has

five

sellected

corresponding

program

plural

of

one

i.e.,

of

mode

of points

cavity

modes.

the

points

case

in

sequential

This

to

short

sellect

'line'

or 'polygon' up data

can

supported

up

In

and

In TABLET,

'ellipse',

operator

DATA

operator

According

modes.

thickness

modes.

modes

photo-plate

magnification,

from

program.

of

experimental

is

usualy

accessing

volume

stored

program,

swelling,

by this

composition, displacement,

this

SERIES

cavity

through

FILE

and

of

diameter,

cavity

distribution

are

of

cavity

and

experiment.

combinations

the

by

FILE

those

temperature,

photo-print

average

size

Program

of

gotten

total

Values

FILE

FILES

diameter

temperature,

on.

so

calculated

round

magnification,

and

are

dependences

in

photo-

density,

SERIALIZED-DATA

utilized

values

and

also

real

are

data

fraction

DATA

FILE

mode

volume

generated.

FIGURE 2 structure

to

cavity

of cavity

coordinate

i.e. figure

average

ANALYZED-DATA

raw

PHOTO-DATA

converted

using

diagram

Scheme of software swelling measurement

621

image analysis

In heavily in

dual-ion

steel,

irradiated

bi-modal

cavity

frequently

observed?14

number

smaller

of

relatively appropriate photographs.

materials,

irradiated

larger

Type size

In these

cavities

measured case,

stainless

distributions

cavities

In this

especially

316

cases

and

are area a

on very

a huge

number

counted

are

of

in the

the

TEM

long

time

622

A. Kohyama et al. / Miero~om~utersystem

(1)

for q~ant~t~iive image analysis

TWO-STEP SEPARATE CAVITY COUNTING METHOD N,

'= N1

Ns: number of small Nl: number of large C Xs: population of C Xl: populatfon of Vh: sampling volume Vl: sampling volume (2)

SINGLE STEP CAV TY COUNTING

FIGURE 3 separate cavity

Schematic representation of two-step cavities with bi-modal size distribution

must the

be consumed accuracy

cavities sizes

of

is on

raising

are

are

bi-modal

cavity TEM

cavities.

In

counting

largrer

separate

through

this

3

with

shows

method,

with that

cavities

a

is

for

extensively

different

of both are

two

larger

extremely

two-step

in

error

usual

measurement

errors

relative

of

was

from

By

single

sampling smaller

are

numbers cavities to this

counting

method,

cavity

caused

volume

treatment

under This

counted

and

equal.

to about12%

method

error

increase

be

to statistical

assumed.

to

According

cavity

counting

in statistical

cavities.

and

reduced

larger

populations

in calculated

was

of

adjusted statistical

method

because

cavities

attributed

data

to

different.

of

cavitities

statistical

separate

generated

that

made

counting

such

for

larger

these

usual

are

larger

are

photograph,

cavity

relatively

on

of

numbers

means

both

cavities

fraction

is for

of

measurement

cavities

This

equal.

populations

for

counted

or smaller

become

means

method

total

photographs,

two

the appropriate

and the other

than

of

separate

One

prepaired.

these

access

counting

smaller

absolute

two-step

cavities

magnification

For

instead, in thier

two-step

For

magnification,

tiny

enlarged

Figure

cavities

smaller

their

for measuring

of

method. are

larger

photo-print

higher

system,

FILES.

photographs

counting

counting

but

representation

counting

of

(usual method)

cavities

smaller

further

distributions

SERIALIZED-DATA

of

and

photographs.

is possible

cavity

schematic

because TEM

counted

our

cavities,

sizes

measured,

counting

all

accuracy,

poorly

Using

number.

poor

object

their

photographs

cavity

measured

very

the up

cavities

for counting

size cavity size cavity small size cavity large size cavity (high ~8nification) (low magnification)

from

of 31%

typical

improvement mainly

number

of

from larger

623

A. Kohyama et al. /Micro-computer system for quantitative image analysis 3.3. Trace

of

accompanied that If

Individual

PHOTO-DATA

In

by

they

are

their

of

photographs, of

total

I

1

I

I

1

size.

In

some

'45678! Electron

Dose

FIGURE

(@a)

of cavity

4

Example of dose dependence of individual cavity radius in solution annealed and aged Type 316 SS electron irradiated at 500 C followed to 6 dpa dual-ion irradiated at 600 C

to be

Volume

spherical Larger

growth

rates.

cavities

there

is no clear

even

in

spherical

definition

smaller

than

distributionfg6

cavities

are

as their

'diameters',

cavities

size

cavity

and

volume

distribution

system,

as

input cavities

is

previously

mode

is

are

manner

with conventional

volume

fraction

measuring

In

This to

be

extremely

rod-shaped,

very

those

then

based

or

cavity In

by tracing

their

our

exact cavity

10% accurate measurement

effective

especially

non-spherical much

our

'polygon'

non-spherical

comparison

about

of

on these

calculated,

exact

very

regarded

one, calculated

became

manner.

considered

as

are.

non-

of circles to

and

'size'

measured

are

equal

measured

as

our

which

mentioned,

forms

its

usual,

fraction

supported

exactly

they

In

or diameters

nearly

by eyesight,

'diameters'

cavity,

conventionally

diagonals

are

on

rate

not

as

the and

little grow

with

more

additive

grow

are

found

size

for

bias-

from

bi-modal

This theoretical

the

the

cavity

represented,

obtained

supports

number

4 shows

cavities

can

the size

editing

exhibit

the critical

growth

et a1.7

growth

By examining

size

Hishinuma

Figure

larger

cavity

by

cavity

of individual

is also

which

on the

bimodal

feature analysis cavity

of

size

facetted

about

5

standards.

longest

areas

present

For non-spherical

in their

whose

Non-

cavity

cavities

driven

photograph. done

to trace

specific

stored

in order

distribution.

frequently

shapes.

ASTM

of

Cavity

cavities

pal ygonal

Estimation

is

of

size

smaller

quantitatively 3.2.Exact

TEM

cavity

instead,

results,

from

dependence

Fig.4,

of

changes,

,

FILE

are

numbers

cavity

displacements.

of dose

fuction

up

individual

example

sizes

serial

each

Growth

data

it is possible

SERIALIZED-DATA along

Cavity

cavity

picked

numbering

change

FILE

truncated,

cavity, etc..

in is in such

REFERENCES T. An, S. Ishino, Y. Mishima and 1. S. Iwata, T. Moroyama, Annual Report of the Engineering Research Institute, Faculty of Engineering, University of Tokyo, Vo1.40, (1981) pp.lOl-106. 2. N. Igata. Abstracts Institute

Y. Kohno, A. Kohyama and K. Satoh, for the 92nd Meeting of Japan of Metals, (1983) p.157.

G. Ayraultand B.A. Loomis, DAFS 3, A. Kohyama, Quarterly Progress Report, DOE/ER-0046/11, (1982) pp.157-166. 4. A. Kohyama, T. Takeyama Electron California,

Y. Kohno, K. Suzuki, G. Ayrault, and N. Igata, High Voltage Microscopy '83, Berkeley, Aug.7983, 'in print'.

Book of ASTM 5. Annual ‘Nuclear Standards' (1977).

Standards, ANSI/ASTM

6. A. Kohyama, Y. Kohno, K. Suzuki, and N. Igata, this volume. 7. A. Hishinuma and Mater., 'in print'.

L.K.

Mansur,

Part 45, E521-77,

G. Ayrault

J.

Nucl.