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Microevolution of human populations
394
BOOK
NEWS
of genotypes. Independent assortment : How it works. Genes in Populations. Mendelian populations and their deliieation. Gene pools and populations. The Transmission of Genes in Populations Under Idealized Genetic equilibrium and the Hardy-Weinberg theorem. Conditions. The Hardy-Weinberg theorem. Population Size, Sampling, and Evoiutionary Change. How population size affects genotype frequency. The mechanics of aampling and sampling variance. Genetic drift and evolutionary change. The Introduction of Genetic Variability: Mutation and Gene Flow. The effect of mutation on genetic variability. How gene flow relates to microevolutionary change. Natural Selection: General Approaches. The relation of fitness to natural selection. Fertility also plays a role in natural selection. Some notes on natural selection. Natural Selection: Genetic Aspects. How the selection or rejection of alleles is accomplished. Natural Interruptions to Random Mating: Assortative Mating and Inselection and heteroaygote advantage. breeding. The consequences of assortative mating. Inbreeding: Pro and con. The Interaction of Evolutionary Mechanisms: A Model for Human Microevolution. Details of microevolutionary research. A unitary approach to human evolution. The Search For Natural Selection in Man. Some general comments on adaptation. The concept of genetic polymorphism. Identification of relevant environmental differences between populations. The detection of sign&ant departures of genotype frequencies from equilibrium. Association between genotype and a specific response. Adaptive trends in genotype frequency. Differential fertility and mortality among genotypes. Analysis of departures from Mendelian segregation frequencies. Analysis of hybrid populations. Conclusions. Suggestions for Further Reading.
Natural History of Man (Prentice-Hall Biological Science Series). By C. P. Swanson. 1973. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall. A vol. in-4O, xiv + 402 pp., ills, bibl., index. Bound, price unknown. The
This beautifully illustrated volume by Dr C. Swanson, Professor of Botany at the University of Massachusetts, offers a one-man’s fresco of human evolution. It has many stimulating insights in problems of both the physical and cultural history of our species.
Through a Kaleidoscope. Man’s intellectual temper. The temper of our age. Magic. Myth. Science. Science and the arts. A New Course is Charted. The influence of Copernicus. The influence of VesaIius. The intluence of William Harvey. Gateway to the present. Of Time and Variation. The development of historical geology. The maturing of biology. Of Change and Chance. Unity of structures. Similarity of development. Geologic record. Geographical distribution. Variation and natural selection. Evolution and man. Evolution as a Process. Simple adaptations. Complex adaptations. Speciation. Rates of evolution. Origins. Emerging H umanity. Climbing the primate tree. Our simian ancestors. The coming of man. The Uniqueness of Man. Man’s physical uniqueness. Culture-promoting human attributes. On the disadvantages of being human. The races of man. The Uniqueness of the Individual. The cellular basis of uniqueness. The chemical basis of uniqueness. The mechanics of inheritance. The realization of uniqueness. The nature of mutations. Individuality and culture. Evolution Revisited. The cultural consequences of energy use. Cultural and biological evolution: a comparison. Evolution and progress. Through a Glass Darkly. Population. Food. Resources and energy. Wastes and pollution. Continued adaptation. Bread alone? Tomorrow and tomorrow and. . . ?
Fouilles de Pincevent. Essai d’analyse ethnographique d’un habitat mxgdxlhien (La section 36), 1: Texte, 2: Plans
(Supplement a “Gallia Prehistoire”, 7). By A. LeroiGourhan & M. Brezillon. 1972. Paris: Editions du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique. A vol. in-4”, 336 pp., figs, tabs. Paper 96,3OF. This important excavation report is based on a full “ethnological” approach in the interpretation of an outstanding Upper Palaeolithic camp site in the Paris Basin.
395
BOOK NBWS
clamteats
G&n&alit&, A. LaviGmwhan;Distributionsyattmatique dcs &moina,A. -; Outillagclithique, hf. &i&i&m; Alla+ topographique:ttmoinsmin&aux(Shomog&ned du lw de@), A. hoiGk@an; Analysetopopphique: tboina mintrauxi+n.rda (Struchmahomog&ca du 2Ode@), A. L#WS&aS; Alla& topogmpbique: t&moinI animaux,A. LauXbwh44; T&noms esthktiques, A. Ltmi(3mvhan; T&noim n&ad& A. LwoXOIW~~~; Structuru hWrog&nes: Ies unites dome&qua, A. LaoiGo&an; @n&&e et hypoth&sc+ A. Laoi-Gourhan. Annex=: Le d&i-, U. Karlin; Ttmainrr&tit%BU Documents carmgraphiques: f&t, M. Jmikn; TtmoiaclOMCWK, F. Darrid; Vocab-, A. L&Goarhaa. Plan g&&al de la Section36, Z’. Guium/.
L’origiue delhomo (Problemi attuali di scienza e di cultura, 182). 1973. Roma: Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei. A vol. m-8”, 376 pp., figs, tabs, bibl. Paper L.6.000. The proceedings of an important meeting on several aspects of human evolution, organized in 1971 by the Lincei Academy in Rome. The discussions are printed in full and add to the quality of the volume. thlltaas Introduction to the meeting, c. B4rigozzi; L’cvoluzionee 1‘ominazione,Th. Dab&n&y; Descent of man and sexual selection. E. Maw.- Darwin’s prediction and the At&an emergence of the genus Homo, Ph. V. Tobks; The development ~&ao sa&imrs,M. H. Duy; The oldest hominidfossils&omAsiaand theirrelation to humanevolution,G. H. R. von Koenigsw4ld; Parole di apcraturadella III seduta,C. Batigozzi; Humanpopulationrtructureandiu evolutionarysignificance, G.A. H&on; Genetic approach- to human evolution,K. K. Kidd; Biologicalbasesofculturalevolution,D. Maiaardi; Darwinism and the sexual politics of primates, J. H. Crook; Ethological aspects of humanbehaviour,P. Lgh4usan; Origin~ et cmhahcmcnt des industries lithiqucs, de 1’Oldowayen au Paltolithique aupkieur, L. Balout; Parole di apertura dclla V seduta, V. Pisani; L’origine dell’arte, P. Graziosi; De la wmmunication animale au langage humain, M. Luro~; The origin of language, R. Stof~4; Evolution and theology, P. J. A. M. Schoonenbcrg;Danvin di fronte alla scienaa dell’ultimo secolo, U. @iriro.
CXmbiug Ma&s
Family
Tree
Edited by T. D. McCown & K. A. R. Kennedy. 1972. Englewood Clifi : Prentice-Hall. A vol. in@, x + 486 pp., figs, tabs, bibl. Paper, price unknown. This book is a very valuable anthology on man’s changing conceptions of his own evolutionary history. The selections are arranged in chronological order and prefaced with essays that clarify the major concepts involved. contents 1699 to 1856: Orang-Outang sive Homosylveshis: or the anatomy of a pygmie, Edward Tyson; The nomenclature of apes, Ckorgt Louis L&erc, Con& da B&n; Order I: Bimanus. Order II: Quadrumana, Johann Frkdrich BItwwnb4ch; Of the several steps of the human progression from the brute to man, J4ma.rBwxett, Jmnu MU; Degradation and simpli6cation of organization from one extremity to the other of the animal chain, proceedmg from the most complex to the simplest. biiana, Jurn B4#ist8 pinrs A4toine da M&, CM ds -; The fossil remains of the animal kingdom, Edward Pi&urn. 1856 to 1890: On some fossil remains ofman, ThonwsHenryHz&q; Post-piocene period: bona, of man and extinct mammalia in bclgian cavs. Post-Pliocene Period: f&l human skulls of the Neandertbal and englis caved, Char&s LH; Ow af @c nature, Kml Christoph Vogt; On the anthrqology of Likmaeus, Thomar Bat&ch~; Origins and pedigme of man; migration distribution of mankind, human species and human races, Ernst Htih Horabl; On the a%.itiea and genealogy ofman, general aummary and conclusion, Charks Robert Dumin: Qpcstions of atBnity and origin, St. cewgd J&n Mimrt; The origin of man, PmJ Topinmd; Da&&m applied to man, Afid Russ811W~l4ca. 1890 to 1925: The place of “Pithecanthropus” in the
BOOK
NEWS
of genotypes. Independent assortment : How it works. Genes in Populations. Mendelian populations and their deliieation. Gene pools and populations. The Transmission of Genes in Populations Under Idealized Genetic equilibrium and the Hardy-Weinberg theorem. Conditions. The Hardy-Weinberg theorem. Population Size, Sampling, and Evoiutionary Change. How population size affects genotype frequency. The mechanics of aampling and sampling variance. Genetic drift and evolutionary change. The Introduction of Genetic Variability: Mutation and Gene Flow. The effect of mutation on genetic variability. How gene flow relates to microevolutionary change. Natural Selection: General Approaches. The relation of fitness to natural selection. Fertility also plays a role in natural selection. Some notes on natural selection. Natural Selection: Genetic Aspects. How the selection or rejection of alleles is accomplished. Natural Interruptions to Random Mating: Assortative Mating and Inselection and heteroaygote advantage. breeding. The consequences of assortative mating. Inbreeding: Pro and con. The Interaction of Evolutionary Mechanisms: A Model for Human Microevolution. Details of microevolutionary research. A unitary approach to human evolution. The Search For Natural Selection in Man. Some general comments on adaptation. The concept of genetic polymorphism. Identification of relevant environmental differences between populations. The detection of sign&ant departures of genotype frequencies from equilibrium. Association between genotype and a specific response. Adaptive trends in genotype frequency. Differential fertility and mortality among genotypes. Analysis of departures from Mendelian segregation frequencies. Analysis of hybrid populations. Conclusions. Suggestions for Further Reading.
Natural History of Man (Prentice-Hall Biological Science Series). By C. P. Swanson. 1973. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall. A vol. in-4O, xiv + 402 pp., ills, bibl., index. Bound, price unknown. The
This beautifully illustrated volume by Dr C. Swanson, Professor of Botany at the University of Massachusetts, offers a one-man’s fresco of human evolution. It has many stimulating insights in problems of both the physical and cultural history of our species.
Through a Kaleidoscope. Man’s intellectual temper. The temper of our age. Magic. Myth. Science. Science and the arts. A New Course is Charted. The influence of Copernicus. The influence of VesaIius. The intluence of William Harvey. Gateway to the present. Of Time and Variation. The development of historical geology. The maturing of biology. Of Change and Chance. Unity of structures. Similarity of development. Geologic record. Geographical distribution. Variation and natural selection. Evolution and man. Evolution as a Process. Simple adaptations. Complex adaptations. Speciation. Rates of evolution. Origins. Emerging H umanity. Climbing the primate tree. Our simian ancestors. The coming of man. The Uniqueness of Man. Man’s physical uniqueness. Culture-promoting human attributes. On the disadvantages of being human. The races of man. The Uniqueness of the Individual. The cellular basis of uniqueness. The chemical basis of uniqueness. The mechanics of inheritance. The realization of uniqueness. The nature of mutations. Individuality and culture. Evolution Revisited. The cultural consequences of energy use. Cultural and biological evolution: a comparison. Evolution and progress. Through a Glass Darkly. Population. Food. Resources and energy. Wastes and pollution. Continued adaptation. Bread alone? Tomorrow and tomorrow and. . . ?
Fouilles de Pincevent. Essai d’analyse ethnographique d’un habitat mxgdxlhien (La section 36), 1: Texte, 2: Plans
(Supplement a “Gallia Prehistoire”, 7). By A. LeroiGourhan & M. Brezillon. 1972. Paris: Editions du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique. A vol. in-4”, 336 pp., figs, tabs. Paper 96,3OF. This important excavation report is based on a full “ethnological” approach in the interpretation of an outstanding Upper Palaeolithic camp site in the Paris Basin.
395
BOOK NBWS
clamteats
G&n&alit&, A. LaviGmwhan;Distributionsyattmatique dcs &moina,A. -; Outillagclithique, hf. &i&i&m; Alla+ topographique:ttmoinsmin&aux(Shomog&ned du lw de@), A. hoiGk@an; Analysetopopphique: tboina mintrauxi+n.rda (Struchmahomog&ca du 2Ode@), A. L#WS&aS; Alla& topogmpbique: t&moinI animaux,A. LauXbwh44; T&noms esthktiques, A. Ltmi(3mvhan; T&noim n&ad& A. LwoXOIW~~~; Structuru hWrog&nes: Ies unites dome&qua, A. LaoiGo&an; @n&&e et hypoth&sc+ A. Laoi-Gourhan. Annex=: Le d&i-, U. Karlin; Ttmainrr&tit%BU Documents carmgraphiques: f&t, M. Jmikn; TtmoiaclOMCWK, F. Darrid; Vocab-, A. L&Goarhaa. Plan g&&al de la Section36, Z’. Guium/.
L’origiue delhomo (Problemi attuali di scienza e di cultura, 182). 1973. Roma: Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei. A vol. m-8”, 376 pp., figs, tabs, bibl. Paper L.6.000. The proceedings of an important meeting on several aspects of human evolution, organized in 1971 by the Lincei Academy in Rome. The discussions are printed in full and add to the quality of the volume. thlltaas Introduction to the meeting, c. B4rigozzi; L’cvoluzionee 1‘ominazione,Th. Dab&n&y; Descent of man and sexual selection. E. Maw.- Darwin’s prediction and the At&an emergence of the genus Homo, Ph. V. Tobks; The development ~&ao sa&imrs,M. H. Duy; The oldest hominidfossils&omAsiaand theirrelation to humanevolution,G. H. R. von Koenigsw4ld; Parole di apcraturadella III seduta,C. Batigozzi; Humanpopulationrtructureandiu evolutionarysignificance, G.A. H&on; Genetic approach- to human evolution,K. K. Kidd; Biologicalbasesofculturalevolution,D. Maiaardi; Darwinism and the sexual politics of primates, J. H. Crook; Ethological aspects of humanbehaviour,P. Lgh4usan; Origin~ et cmhahcmcnt des industries lithiqucs, de 1’Oldowayen au Paltolithique aupkieur, L. Balout; Parole di apertura dclla V seduta, V. Pisani; L’origine dell’arte, P. Graziosi; De la wmmunication animale au langage humain, M. Luro~; The origin of language, R. Stof~4; Evolution and theology, P. J. A. M. Schoonenbcrg;Danvin di fronte alla scienaa dell’ultimo secolo, U. @iriro.
CXmbiug Ma&s
Family
Tree
Edited by T. D. McCown & K. A. R. Kennedy. 1972. Englewood Clifi : Prentice-Hall. A vol. in@, x + 486 pp., figs, tabs, bibl. Paper, price unknown. This book is a very valuable anthology on man’s changing conceptions of his own evolutionary history. The selections are arranged in chronological order and prefaced with essays that clarify the major concepts involved. contents 1699 to 1856: Orang-Outang sive Homosylveshis: or the anatomy of a pygmie, Edward Tyson; The nomenclature of apes, Ckorgt Louis L&erc, Con& da B&n; Order I: Bimanus. Order II: Quadrumana, Johann Frkdrich BItwwnb4ch; Of the several steps of the human progression from the brute to man, J4ma.rBwxett, Jmnu MU; Degradation and simpli6cation of organization from one extremity to the other of the animal chain, proceedmg from the most complex to the simplest. biiana, Jurn B4#ist8 pinrs A4toine da M&, CM ds -; The fossil remains of the animal kingdom, Edward Pi&urn. 1856 to 1890: On some fossil remains ofman, ThonwsHenryHz&q; Post-piocene period: bona, of man and extinct mammalia in bclgian cavs. Post-Pliocene Period: f&l human skulls of the Neandertbal and englis caved, Char&s LH; Ow af @c nature, Kml Christoph Vogt; On the anthrqology of Likmaeus, Thomar Bat&ch~; Origins and pedigme of man; migration distribution of mankind, human species and human races, Ernst Htih Horabl; On the a%.itiea and genealogy ofman, general aummary and conclusion, Charks Robert Dumin: Qpcstions of atBnity and origin, St. cewgd J&n Mimrt; The origin of man, PmJ Topinmd; Da&&m applied to man, Afid Russ811W~l4ca. 1890 to 1925: The place of “Pithecanthropus” in the