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MIDWIVES AND JURY SERVICE.
30 evidence of osseous regeneration ; in some others there was slight evidence of improvement, while the rest were doubtful or negative. The number of teeth treated was only eight; this is explained by the difficulty of obtaining bacteriological cooperation. The radiographic test is certainly not very satisfactory, for to compare films of the same tooth taken at intervals and to interpret any differences as valid evidence of anatomical change is to leave out of account various factors concerned with radiographic technique which may easily vitiate the results. A better method which might be possible in a few cases would be to select teeth showing apical rarefaction and to treat them with cultures of B. bulgaricus and then to trephine the bone and examine the peri-apical tissues bacteriologically, but it might not be easy to find patients willing to submit to the test even in the cause of science. The results of both Moxham and Wilkinson are sufficiently hopeful to deserve further investigation. The careful coöperation required between dentist, radiologist, and bacteriologist makes it essentially a study to be carried out in a dental hospital. The pulpless tooth forms one of the most important problems in modern dentistry to-day, and any method which might promise a solution compatible with the retention of these teeth in a healthy condition is worth investigating on an extensive scale.
gives examples ot its remarkable possibilities. The technique of the method is simple, though it requires accuracy of execution, and the resulting block is so complete that even the largest operations can be carried out without pain and with an absence of shock unapproached in other methods. The method consists in the injection of about 50 c.cm. of 1 per cent. novocaine into the region of the semilunar ganglia, a very fine needle being inserted on either side of the first lumbar vertebra for the purpose. A preliminary aspiration ensures that a vessel has not been entered. Not only can extensive operations on the stomach be then conducted without pain or shock, but this inhibition may persist for long after the operation is concluded and well into the period of convalescence. Brunn and Mandl in the Wiener klinische Wochenschrift of May 22nd, 1924, describe another remarkable use of this inhibition of the sympathetic nerves. Injecting at different levels in the dorsal region so as to block the rami communicantes of the sympathetic ganglia, they have succeeded in cutting out afferent impulses from various organs, such as the gallbladder and kidney. They suggest the use of the method as a means of differential diagnosis between lesions of the different viscera, but they also consider that the injections may in certain circumstances have The cutting of the reflex an actual curative effect. which results relieves spasm of the musculature of the viscus, and the cases they describe suggest that under MIDWIVES AND JURY SERVICE. these circumstances a gall-stone may be passed or a i recover its inhibited function. The method THE Home Secretary, having been approached by kidney to open up a new field and its development appears the Ministry of Health with regard to the liability be followed with interest. of women working as midwives to serve on juries, will has sent a circular letter on the subject to the undersheriffs. It is pointed out that the question of MOSQUITO CONTROL AT HAYLING ISLAND. legislation to secure general exemption for all mid- ’, A PIECE of interesting and useful health work wives in virtue of their calling will be considered about which too little is known has for several years when a suitable opportunity presents itself. The been carried out at Hayling Island in Hants. It circular contains sympathetic reference to the is concerned with the amelioration of the mosquito undoubted need of midwives for special consideration pest in the neighbourhood and owes its origin and much in view of the necessary urgency of calls upon them of its success to the enthusiasm and efforts of Mr. for their attendance at confinements. Further, the J. F. Marshall, F.E.S. He and the members of the Home Secretary expresses the view that in practice executive committee of the Mosquito Control associamidwives are excused from service when their aid is ’ tion have issued a third report which gives an account urgently required, and suggests that upon under- of the work accomplished from May, 1923, to May, 1924. sheriffs being satisfied that a certified midwife has It is a well-illustrated pamphlet of 12 pages which, after given notice to a local supervising authority of her certain remarks on mosquitoes generally and the intention to practise as such, a mark should be methods employed for their reduction, considers in some placed against her name in the jury book so as to detail the objects of the Hayling Mosquito Control. prevent a summons being sent to her. If the terms of This was organised in 1920 to cope with the intolerable this instruction or suggestion are complied with, it mosquito nuisance so prevalent at a large number seems that midwives will have no further ground for of summer resorts along the coast-line of Dorset, complaint. By a schedule to the Juries Act, 1870, Hampshire, Sussex, and Kent. A laboratory was a large number of classes of persons are exempted established at Hayling Island and investigations from jury service, including peers, Members of Parlia- showed that the chief mosquito culprit was Ochlerotatus ment, judges, clergymen, and ministers of religion as detritus, a salt-marsh breeder. Aided by Ochlerotatus defined by the schedule, barristers, solicitors, and rusticus, the larvae of which are found in the stagnant various other persons engaged in the practice of the fresh water of field and roadside ditches, and by law. All registered medical practitioners and pharma- Theobaldia annulata, whose larvae have a liking for ceutical chemists are also exempt, as well as officers foul waters contaminated by sewage or other refuse, of the navy, army, and other services, civil and this mosquito does its best to make life miserable otherwise, including police officers and justices of the by its blood-sucking propensities. It has a greater peace. range of flight than either of its two " non-salt " congeners, but the latter are often a cause of serious SPLANCHNIC ANÆSTHESIA. annoyance, and the Hayling Mosquito Control plead IN a visit to a continental surgical clinic nothing is for the assistance of local sanitary authorities and of I more likely to strike an observer than the contrast of landowners not only against these insects, but with " I of anaesthesia there methods with the those respect to Culex pipiens, the common " domestic adopted prevalent in our own operating theatres. On theI gnat which, though probably less blood-thirsty Continent a reliance is commonly placed on methods than the other species, yet merits attention. The of local and regional anaesthesia, whilst the skilled intensivework of the Control against Ochlerotatus is indicated by an excellent map of the technique of general anaesthesia to which we are detritus accustomed does not seem to have been developed. " Salterns " area of Hayling Island, and it is gratifying Yet the very skill of our own anaesthetists has largely to find how much has been accomplished in the way blinded us to the undoubted advantages of local of abolishing mosquito nurseries. White Cross dismethods. As Crile pointed out, the protection of the infectant in a strength of 1 part in 30,000 has been subconscious centres is of vital importance and can found useful as a larvicide, and water thus treated only be effectively carried out by a local nerve-block. is harmless if drunk by human beings or animals. The method of splanchnic anaesthesia has been A good deal of drainage has been carried out, and it is extensively used on the Continent, and the article noteworthy that the Control has received monetary which we publish this week, by Mr. Stanley Hillman, support for its operations from the Ministry of Health --
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gives examples ot its remarkable possibilities. The technique of the method is simple, though it requires accuracy of execution, and the resulting block is so complete that even the largest operations can be carried out without pain and with an absence of shock unapproached in other methods. The method consists in the injection of about 50 c.cm. of 1 per cent. novocaine into the region of the semilunar ganglia, a very fine needle being inserted on either side of the first lumbar vertebra for the purpose. A preliminary aspiration ensures that a vessel has not been entered. Not only can extensive operations on the stomach be then conducted without pain or shock, but this inhibition may persist for long after the operation is concluded and well into the period of convalescence. Brunn and Mandl in the Wiener klinische Wochenschrift of May 22nd, 1924, describe another remarkable use of this inhibition of the sympathetic nerves. Injecting at different levels in the dorsal region so as to block the rami communicantes of the sympathetic ganglia, they have succeeded in cutting out afferent impulses from various organs, such as the gallbladder and kidney. They suggest the use of the method as a means of differential diagnosis between lesions of the different viscera, but they also consider that the injections may in certain circumstances have The cutting of the reflex an actual curative effect. which results relieves spasm of the musculature of the viscus, and the cases they describe suggest that under MIDWIVES AND JURY SERVICE. these circumstances a gall-stone may be passed or a i recover its inhibited function. The method THE Home Secretary, having been approached by kidney to open up a new field and its development appears the Ministry of Health with regard to the liability be followed with interest. of women working as midwives to serve on juries, will has sent a circular letter on the subject to the undersheriffs. It is pointed out that the question of MOSQUITO CONTROL AT HAYLING ISLAND. legislation to secure general exemption for all mid- ’, A PIECE of interesting and useful health work wives in virtue of their calling will be considered about which too little is known has for several years when a suitable opportunity presents itself. The been carried out at Hayling Island in Hants. It circular contains sympathetic reference to the is concerned with the amelioration of the mosquito undoubted need of midwives for special consideration pest in the neighbourhood and owes its origin and much in view of the necessary urgency of calls upon them of its success to the enthusiasm and efforts of Mr. for their attendance at confinements. Further, the J. F. Marshall, F.E.S. He and the members of the Home Secretary expresses the view that in practice executive committee of the Mosquito Control associamidwives are excused from service when their aid is ’ tion have issued a third report which gives an account urgently required, and suggests that upon under- of the work accomplished from May, 1923, to May, 1924. sheriffs being satisfied that a certified midwife has It is a well-illustrated pamphlet of 12 pages which, after given notice to a local supervising authority of her certain remarks on mosquitoes generally and the intention to practise as such, a mark should be methods employed for their reduction, considers in some placed against her name in the jury book so as to detail the objects of the Hayling Mosquito Control. prevent a summons being sent to her. If the terms of This was organised in 1920 to cope with the intolerable this instruction or suggestion are complied with, it mosquito nuisance so prevalent at a large number seems that midwives will have no further ground for of summer resorts along the coast-line of Dorset, complaint. By a schedule to the Juries Act, 1870, Hampshire, Sussex, and Kent. A laboratory was a large number of classes of persons are exempted established at Hayling Island and investigations from jury service, including peers, Members of Parlia- showed that the chief mosquito culprit was Ochlerotatus ment, judges, clergymen, and ministers of religion as detritus, a salt-marsh breeder. Aided by Ochlerotatus defined by the schedule, barristers, solicitors, and rusticus, the larvae of which are found in the stagnant various other persons engaged in the practice of the fresh water of field and roadside ditches, and by law. All registered medical practitioners and pharma- Theobaldia annulata, whose larvae have a liking for ceutical chemists are also exempt, as well as officers foul waters contaminated by sewage or other refuse, of the navy, army, and other services, civil and this mosquito does its best to make life miserable otherwise, including police officers and justices of the by its blood-sucking propensities. It has a greater peace. range of flight than either of its two " non-salt " congeners, but the latter are often a cause of serious SPLANCHNIC ANÆSTHESIA. annoyance, and the Hayling Mosquito Control plead IN a visit to a continental surgical clinic nothing is for the assistance of local sanitary authorities and of I more likely to strike an observer than the contrast of landowners not only against these insects, but with " I of anaesthesia there methods with the those respect to Culex pipiens, the common " domestic adopted prevalent in our own operating theatres. On theI gnat which, though probably less blood-thirsty Continent a reliance is commonly placed on methods than the other species, yet merits attention. The of local and regional anaesthesia, whilst the skilled intensivework of the Control against Ochlerotatus is indicated by an excellent map of the technique of general anaesthesia to which we are detritus accustomed does not seem to have been developed. " Salterns " area of Hayling Island, and it is gratifying Yet the very skill of our own anaesthetists has largely to find how much has been accomplished in the way blinded us to the undoubted advantages of local of abolishing mosquito nurseries. White Cross dismethods. As Crile pointed out, the protection of the infectant in a strength of 1 part in 30,000 has been subconscious centres is of vital importance and can found useful as a larvicide, and water thus treated only be effectively carried out by a local nerve-block. is harmless if drunk by human beings or animals. The method of splanchnic anaesthesia has been A good deal of drainage has been carried out, and it is extensively used on the Continent, and the article noteworthy that the Control has received monetary which we publish this week, by Mr. Stanley Hillman, support for its operations from the Ministry of Health --
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