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Modelling of hydrogen transfer on coal hydroliquefaction. 8. Influence of catalyst on the whole hydroliquefaction process.
02
Liquid fuels (derived liquid tieIs)
Modelllng of hydrogen transfer In coal hydroll95102490 quetactlon. 8. Influence of catalyst on the whole hydrollquefactlon process Oviawe, A. P. et al., Fuel, Feb. 1995, 74, (2), 259-266. The mechanisms of the rehydrogenation of 1,2-dihydronaphthalene and naphthalene, formed during the tetralin H-transfer process for stabilizing free radicals stemming from thermal decom sition of model radical precursors such as benzyl phenyl ether (BPE eo , were studied using natural catalysts (pyrite, pyrrhotite) or catalysts originating from in situ sulphidation of iron oxide. These catalysts had a significant influence on the rate of dispro ortionation of 1,2_dihydronaphthalene and on the stabilization of the ra I!mals produced. Hydrogen sulphide also accelerated the decomposition of benzyl phenyl ether by preferentially stabilizing the phenoxy radicals with the aid of rior hydrogen bonding. It is shwon how the performance indices de Pmed in earlier studies were affected by the different mechanisms of hydroliquefaction.
95102491 Plllared montmorlllonlte catalysts for coal llquefactlon Sharma. R. K. and Olson, E. S. Prepr. Pap.-Am. Chem. Sot., Div. Fuel Chem., ‘1994, 39, (3), 702-705. _ _ The catalysts were prepared and studied in coal liquefaction-related model compound reactions and subbituminous coal liquefaction. The catalysts have been found to be effective in removing sulphur from model compounds as well as liquefaction.
Polaonlng of Iron catalysts by COS In ayngaa for 95102492 Flacher-Tropach ayntheala Liu, Z. T. et al., .I. Mol. Catal., 1994, 94, (2), 255-261. The poisoning of commercial Fe-&-K catalyst in Fischer-Tro sch synthesis by carbonyl sulphide in synthesis gas was tested as it re Pates to coal conversion to liquid fuels. The deactivation rates depended on the content of sulphur in synthesis gas. Discusses the selectivity to gaseous hydrocarbons and C’5 product and water-gas shift reaction in FT synthesis.
95102493 poo;‘,f;r
Predlctlons of pour, cloud and cold filter lug Ing future diesel fuels wlth application to diesel g len I( lng
Semwal, P. B. and Varshney, R. G. Fuel, Mar. 1995, 74, (3), 437-444. The increasing demand for diesel fuel has resulted in an increase in the number of blend streams including cracked components from secondary processes using mostly heavy crudes of different origins. Owing to such compositional changes, the existing property blending equations may no longer be sufficiently accurate. Therefore, the development of new correlations was required. In this work, three low-temperature property correlations, viz, pour, cloud and cold filter plugging points, were developed for precise predicttons. An improvement in the accuracy of predictions of up to 30% was observed with the new pour point equations compared with the earlier method.
95102494 Premium dlstlllate products from direct llquefactlon of coal Zhou, P. Z. et al., Prepr. Pap.-Am. Chem. Sot., Div. Fuel Chem., 1994, 39, (4), 1205-1209. The paper discusses the net liquid products from modem coal liquefaction processes which have lower boiling and have much lower end points than crude petroleum.
A reliable and practlcal accelerated test method for 95102497 predlctlng the long-term storage atabllltles of avlatlon turblne fuels based on hydroperoxlde formatlon Pande, S. G. er al., Energy & Fuels, Jan.-Feb. 1995, 9, (l), 183-187. A reliable method is needed for redicting the long term storage stabilities of the military aviation turbine Puel reserves as well as for evaluating the effectiveness of antioxidants a proved for these fuels. The pa er addresses the successful development o F such a method. The propose B test method entails measuring the hydroperoxide concentration formed after stressing at 100°C and 345 Wa air overpressure for 24 h with the option to extend to 48 h should this be necessary. Application of the proposed test method to worldwide current production fuels attests to the sensitivity of the method in differentiating fuels with differing storage stabilities. 95102498 Roles of hydrogen donor solvents and catalysts In hydrogen transfer processes governlng coal llquefactlon Futamura, S. Prepr.-Am. Chem. Sot., Div. Pet. Chem., 1994, 39, (3), 327-329. Intermolecular hydrogen transfer in coal liquefaction is studied by using hydrogenolysis of trans-stilbene in 1-methylnaphthalene. 95102499 Strong aynerglatlc effect between dlaperaed MO catalyst and H,O for low-aeverlty coal hydrollquefactlon Song, C. and Saini, A. K. Energy & Fuels, Jan.-Feb. 1995, 9, (l), 188-189. In this Communication the authors report on the strong synergistic effect between water and a dispersed molybdenum sulphide catalyst for romoting low-severity liquefaction of Wyodak subbituminous coal. Ad 8.ttton of water to the catalytic run can double the coal conversion at 350°C for 30 min. This finding may offer new opportunities for developing novel lowseveritv liquefaction processes.
95/02500 Study of the solvent deashlng of heavy coal Ilquefactlon product. II. Effect of solvent propertlea and llquefactlon condltlona on propertles of extracts and realduea Masuda, K. et al., Nippon Enerugi G&&hi, 1994, 73, (lo), 920-927. (In Japanese) The paper discusses the effects of extraction solvents and production conditions of coal liquid bottoms from brown coal hydrogenation on the properties of extracts and residues. Extract yields for the bottoms produced under different temperatures could be predicted from the solvent extraction analysis for nonpolar solvents but not for oxygen-containing polar solvents. These results suggest that polar components of the bottoms play an important role in their extraction behaviour, resulting in the difference of uronerties of extracts and residues. which affect their reactivitv and the deactivation of catalysts in the secondary hydrogenation. I 95102501 Techniques for utlllzatlon of coal converslon: Composition, structure, and property estlmatlon of coal liquefaction and liquefaction oils Industrial Publishing & Consulting Inc., Tokyo, Japan, 1994, 450 pp. 95102502 Technoeconomlc assessment of dewaxlng and hvdrotreatlna recvcle distillate solvent In aubbltumlnoua coal ll;luefactlon ” Peluso, M. Prepr. Pap.-Am. Chem. Sot., Div. Fuel Chem., 1994, 39, (4), _^_, _^.^ lL14-lLl&
The paper describes the use of a cost-benefit analysis to determine an economical level of wax in the distillate recycle solvent for projected wmmercial operation. A good indicator of solvent quality is the concentration of alkyl beta (paraffinic protons m the stream. Using the CONSOL experimental batch solvent 2 ewaxmg .’ data and commercial SDW information, estimated steady-state simulations of commercial SDW operations were developed as a function of the amount of the distillates solvent fed to the dewaxer.
95102495 Preparatlve separatlon and characterlzatlon of coal llquld aromatlcs Story, J. N. Prepr. Pap.-Am. Chem. Sot., Div. Fuel Chem., 1994, 39, (3), 772-776. Preparative DNAP column was found to effectively separate coal liquid aromatics fractions by ring number with limited overlap. Distinct changes in UV spectra and GC-MS data were observed in the same boundary regions between ring numbers determined by use of model compounds. Boundary regions were less sharp for the petroleum gas oil as a result of the greater degree of alkyl substituton and the presence of significant sulphur containing components. Preparative HPLC is seen to be a very effective way of simplifying complex hydrocarbon mixtures for further study and characterization. The coal aromatics were found to consist mainly of polynucler aromatics with limited alkyl substitution.
Thermolysls of slllca-lmmoblllzed l-(4’-hydrox95102503 yphenyl).2-phenylethane under D . A hydrollquefactlon model Guthrie, R. D. et al., Prepr. Pap.-Am. them. Sot., Div. Fuel Chem., 1994, 39, (3), 668-672. Coal hydroliquefaction was modelled by hydropyrolysis of 1-(4’hydroxyphenyl)2_phenylethane under D,. The presence of D, at 2000 psi does not alter the tendency of surface-attached radicals to rearrange. Hydrocracking was observed for hydropyrolysis of surface-attached materials. Radical D/H exchange was more efficient in the gas phase.
95102498 Pyrolyala processing characterlstlcs of Kentucky cannel coals Graham, U. M. et al., Org. Geochem., 1995, 22, (l), 33-37. Reports on a study of the pyrolysis of coal. Oil yields of approximately 3040% were observed. The amount of anisotropic carbon in the residues increased with an increase in rank. Framboidal sulphides, not present in the raw coal, appeared in the residues.
Two-dlmenalonal HPLC and GC-MS of olla from 95102504 catalytic coal liquefaction Saini, A. K. and Song, C. Prepr. Pap.-Am. Chem. Sot., Div. Fuel Chem., 1994. 39, (3). 796-800. Normal-phase HPLC was used with photo diode array detector and GCMS techniques to characterize the oils (hexane soluble friction) from the catalytic and non-catalytic liquefaction of Wyodak subbituminous coal at 400’ and 6.9 MPa H pressure.
184
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
May 1995
Liquid fuels (derived liquid tieIs)
Modelllng of hydrogen transfer In coal hydroll95102490 quetactlon. 8. Influence of catalyst on the whole hydrollquefactlon process Oviawe, A. P. et al., Fuel, Feb. 1995, 74, (2), 259-266. The mechanisms of the rehydrogenation of 1,2-dihydronaphthalene and naphthalene, formed during the tetralin H-transfer process for stabilizing free radicals stemming from thermal decom sition of model radical precursors such as benzyl phenyl ether (BPE eo , were studied using natural catalysts (pyrite, pyrrhotite) or catalysts originating from in situ sulphidation of iron oxide. These catalysts had a significant influence on the rate of dispro ortionation of 1,2_dihydronaphthalene and on the stabilization of the ra I!mals produced. Hydrogen sulphide also accelerated the decomposition of benzyl phenyl ether by preferentially stabilizing the phenoxy radicals with the aid of rior hydrogen bonding. It is shwon how the performance indices de Pmed in earlier studies were affected by the different mechanisms of hydroliquefaction.
95102491 Plllared montmorlllonlte catalysts for coal llquefactlon Sharma. R. K. and Olson, E. S. Prepr. Pap.-Am. Chem. Sot., Div. Fuel Chem., ‘1994, 39, (3), 702-705. _ _ The catalysts were prepared and studied in coal liquefaction-related model compound reactions and subbituminous coal liquefaction. The catalysts have been found to be effective in removing sulphur from model compounds as well as liquefaction.
Polaonlng of Iron catalysts by COS In ayngaa for 95102492 Flacher-Tropach ayntheala Liu, Z. T. et al., .I. Mol. Catal., 1994, 94, (2), 255-261. The poisoning of commercial Fe-&-K catalyst in Fischer-Tro sch synthesis by carbonyl sulphide in synthesis gas was tested as it re Pates to coal conversion to liquid fuels. The deactivation rates depended on the content of sulphur in synthesis gas. Discusses the selectivity to gaseous hydrocarbons and C’5 product and water-gas shift reaction in FT synthesis.
95102493 poo;‘,f;r
Predlctlons of pour, cloud and cold filter lug Ing future diesel fuels wlth application to diesel g len I( lng
Semwal, P. B. and Varshney, R. G. Fuel, Mar. 1995, 74, (3), 437-444. The increasing demand for diesel fuel has resulted in an increase in the number of blend streams including cracked components from secondary processes using mostly heavy crudes of different origins. Owing to such compositional changes, the existing property blending equations may no longer be sufficiently accurate. Therefore, the development of new correlations was required. In this work, three low-temperature property correlations, viz, pour, cloud and cold filter plugging points, were developed for precise predicttons. An improvement in the accuracy of predictions of up to 30% was observed with the new pour point equations compared with the earlier method.
95102494 Premium dlstlllate products from direct llquefactlon of coal Zhou, P. Z. et al., Prepr. Pap.-Am. Chem. Sot., Div. Fuel Chem., 1994, 39, (4), 1205-1209. The paper discusses the net liquid products from modem coal liquefaction processes which have lower boiling and have much lower end points than crude petroleum.
A reliable and practlcal accelerated test method for 95102497 predlctlng the long-term storage atabllltles of avlatlon turblne fuels based on hydroperoxlde formatlon Pande, S. G. er al., Energy & Fuels, Jan.-Feb. 1995, 9, (l), 183-187. A reliable method is needed for redicting the long term storage stabilities of the military aviation turbine Puel reserves as well as for evaluating the effectiveness of antioxidants a proved for these fuels. The pa er addresses the successful development o F such a method. The propose B test method entails measuring the hydroperoxide concentration formed after stressing at 100°C and 345 Wa air overpressure for 24 h with the option to extend to 48 h should this be necessary. Application of the proposed test method to worldwide current production fuels attests to the sensitivity of the method in differentiating fuels with differing storage stabilities. 95102498 Roles of hydrogen donor solvents and catalysts In hydrogen transfer processes governlng coal llquefactlon Futamura, S. Prepr.-Am. Chem. Sot., Div. Pet. Chem., 1994, 39, (3), 327-329. Intermolecular hydrogen transfer in coal liquefaction is studied by using hydrogenolysis of trans-stilbene in 1-methylnaphthalene. 95102499 Strong aynerglatlc effect between dlaperaed MO catalyst and H,O for low-aeverlty coal hydrollquefactlon Song, C. and Saini, A. K. Energy & Fuels, Jan.-Feb. 1995, 9, (l), 188-189. In this Communication the authors report on the strong synergistic effect between water and a dispersed molybdenum sulphide catalyst for romoting low-severity liquefaction of Wyodak subbituminous coal. Ad 8.ttton of water to the catalytic run can double the coal conversion at 350°C for 30 min. This finding may offer new opportunities for developing novel lowseveritv liquefaction processes.
95/02500 Study of the solvent deashlng of heavy coal Ilquefactlon product. II. Effect of solvent propertlea and llquefactlon condltlona on propertles of extracts and realduea Masuda, K. et al., Nippon Enerugi G&&hi, 1994, 73, (lo), 920-927. (In Japanese) The paper discusses the effects of extraction solvents and production conditions of coal liquid bottoms from brown coal hydrogenation on the properties of extracts and residues. Extract yields for the bottoms produced under different temperatures could be predicted from the solvent extraction analysis for nonpolar solvents but not for oxygen-containing polar solvents. These results suggest that polar components of the bottoms play an important role in their extraction behaviour, resulting in the difference of uronerties of extracts and residues. which affect their reactivitv and the deactivation of catalysts in the secondary hydrogenation. I 95102501 Techniques for utlllzatlon of coal converslon: Composition, structure, and property estlmatlon of coal liquefaction and liquefaction oils Industrial Publishing & Consulting Inc., Tokyo, Japan, 1994, 450 pp. 95102502 Technoeconomlc assessment of dewaxlng and hvdrotreatlna recvcle distillate solvent In aubbltumlnoua coal ll;luefactlon ” Peluso, M. Prepr. Pap.-Am. Chem. Sot., Div. Fuel Chem., 1994, 39, (4), _^_, _^.^ lL14-lLl&
The paper describes the use of a cost-benefit analysis to determine an economical level of wax in the distillate recycle solvent for projected wmmercial operation. A good indicator of solvent quality is the concentration of alkyl beta (paraffinic protons m the stream. Using the CONSOL experimental batch solvent 2 ewaxmg .’ data and commercial SDW information, estimated steady-state simulations of commercial SDW operations were developed as a function of the amount of the distillates solvent fed to the dewaxer.
95102495 Preparatlve separatlon and characterlzatlon of coal llquld aromatlcs Story, J. N. Prepr. Pap.-Am. Chem. Sot., Div. Fuel Chem., 1994, 39, (3), 772-776. Preparative DNAP column was found to effectively separate coal liquid aromatics fractions by ring number with limited overlap. Distinct changes in UV spectra and GC-MS data were observed in the same boundary regions between ring numbers determined by use of model compounds. Boundary regions were less sharp for the petroleum gas oil as a result of the greater degree of alkyl substituton and the presence of significant sulphur containing components. Preparative HPLC is seen to be a very effective way of simplifying complex hydrocarbon mixtures for further study and characterization. The coal aromatics were found to consist mainly of polynucler aromatics with limited alkyl substitution.
Thermolysls of slllca-lmmoblllzed l-(4’-hydrox95102503 yphenyl).2-phenylethane under D . A hydrollquefactlon model Guthrie, R. D. et al., Prepr. Pap.-Am. them. Sot., Div. Fuel Chem., 1994, 39, (3), 668-672. Coal hydroliquefaction was modelled by hydropyrolysis of 1-(4’hydroxyphenyl)2_phenylethane under D,. The presence of D, at 2000 psi does not alter the tendency of surface-attached radicals to rearrange. Hydrocracking was observed for hydropyrolysis of surface-attached materials. Radical D/H exchange was more efficient in the gas phase.
95102498 Pyrolyala processing characterlstlcs of Kentucky cannel coals Graham, U. M. et al., Org. Geochem., 1995, 22, (l), 33-37. Reports on a study of the pyrolysis of coal. Oil yields of approximately 3040% were observed. The amount of anisotropic carbon in the residues increased with an increase in rank. Framboidal sulphides, not present in the raw coal, appeared in the residues.
Two-dlmenalonal HPLC and GC-MS of olla from 95102504 catalytic coal liquefaction Saini, A. K. and Song, C. Prepr. Pap.-Am. Chem. Sot., Div. Fuel Chem., 1994. 39, (3). 796-800. Normal-phase HPLC was used with photo diode array detector and GCMS techniques to characterize the oils (hexane soluble friction) from the catalytic and non-catalytic liquefaction of Wyodak subbituminous coal at 400’ and 6.9 MPa H pressure.
184
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
May 1995