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Moderating effect of positive urgency on the relationship between positive mood and alcohol use
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Abstracts / Personality and Individual Differences 60 (2014) S24–S47
Methodological advances regarding mental time travel E. Walsh, J. Busby Grant, J. Brinker The Australian National University, Australia
positive relationship of facial expressivity with receptive abilities and extraversion. Results will be discussed in the context of recent debates in emotion research and models of emotional abilities.
Mental time travel is the cognitive capacity to situate thought in times other than the present, including episodic memory and episodic planning. Despite its significance in everyday life, the research to date is limited. Though different past- or future- oriented predispositions are related to different situations or task demands, research has been conducted exclusively in the laboratory. It is an inherently transient, variable phenomenon on the individual level, yet much of the literature relies on measures insensitive to this temporal and within-subject variability. This research addresses a major gap in the field by exploring mental time travel in an ambulatory assessment paradigm using mobile telephones as a response platform. Participants completed baseline questionnaires, followed by a short mental time travel questionnaire on twenty occasions across two days, on an individually randomised schedule. Results from this repeated measures data collection will be discussed alongside the methodological considerations of this novel approach. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.07.082
Mind your perspective: How perspective perception of norm-violating actions M. Fiori, F. Krings, E.P. Kleinlogel University of Lausanne, Switzerland
taking
shapes
This research investigates the role of perspective taking on judging blatantly wrong actions. We hypothesized that judgments of norm-violating actions would depend on the perspective taken by the perceiver (the injured party or the perpetrator); we expected results to be mediated by causal attribution. Participants read a vignette describing an employee going to work drunk and leaving early without permission. We measured empathy and perspective taking, participants’ causal attributions, and manipulated the perspective participants would take (employee/employee’s supervisor). Individuals taking the perspective of the employee judged more leniently the norm-violating behavior; this relationship was fully mediated by blaming the employee for his actions. Scores on perspective taking and empathy did not influence perception of the behavior, individuals higher in empathy felt closer to the employee than to his supervisor and for this reason blamed less the employee for his actions. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.07.083
Modeling individual differences in facial expressivity A. Hildebrandt, S. Olderbak, W. Sommer, O. Wilhelm Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany Taxonomic models of emotional abilities have focused on receptive facets. Latent variable modeling of facial emotion expression as an ability construct has been neglected so far. We developed a task battery including multiple methods for assessing the ability to display six main emotions, anger, fear, sadness, surprise, disgust, and happiness. Video recordings of the emotion displays were analyzed for 245 participants. Following automatic expression coding, elaborate scoring and systematic model testing we established a measurement model of productive emotional abilities. The structure that best described the observed data controlled for face plasticity and showed emotion-specific factors that are nested under a general expressivity factor. Individual differences in Action Unit networks characterizing specific emotions will be considered. Structural models revealed a
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.07.084
Moderating effect of positive urgency on the relationship between positive mood and alcohol use L. Dinc, A. Cooper University of London, London, United Kingdom The current study sought to further validate the role of positive urgency (tendency to act in rash when in extreme positive emotional state) as a risk factor for impulsive behaviours and alcohol use. The study firstly, extends previous research by examining the relationship between impulsivity and alcohol use with a focus on positive urgency. Secondly, it employs between subjects design to examine the extent to which positive urgency moderates the relationship between high activation and low activation positive mood (happy, calm) and alcohol use. The results indicated a significant moderating effect of positive urgency on the relationship between high activation positive mood and alcohol use. Positive urgency and high activation positive mood interaction significantly predicted increases in beer consumption. This moderation effect was not observed for the other mood conditions. The findings shed light on the involvement of positive urgency in the relationship between positive mood and alcohol use. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.07.085
Molecular biology of the fully-dimensional schizotypy-model P. Grant, Y. Kuepper, C. Catrin Wielpuetz, J. Hennig Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Germany Schizotypy constitutes a useful model for the study of schizophreniform traits in healthy individuals, as it circumnavigates many confounders found in schizophrenia-patients. To examine molecular-biological indicators of the fully-dimensional schizotypy-model, the German version of the Oxford-Liverpool Inventory of Feelings and Experiences (O-LIFE) was examined regarding its associations with select relevant genetic polymorphisms. We present a number of influences of dopaminergic as well as non-dopaminergic genetic variants on sub-facets of schizotypy, whereof all can be interpreted in line with the current dopamine-hypothesis of psychosis in schizophrenia. Additionally, we examined correlations between schizotypy-dimensions and expression-levels of potentially relevant genes in the peripheral blood of healthy males. Preliminary analyses show significant correlations between the O-LIFE subscales and the expression of genes involved, i.a., in dopamine-regulation. Our findings indicate that schizotypy and schizophrenia share commonalities on the molecular-biological level. We therefore suggest the fullydimensional schizotypy-model be further evaluated regarding its biological foundations. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.07.086
Neural efficiency depending on subjective and objective level of task difficulty – An fMRI study B. Dunst, M. Benedek, E. Jauk, A.C. Neubauer Karl-Franzens University Graz, Austria Studies approving the neural efficiency hypothesis have revealed that brighter individuals show lower brain activation than less bright
Abstracts / Personality and Individual Differences 60 (2014) S24–S47
Methodological advances regarding mental time travel E. Walsh, J. Busby Grant, J. Brinker The Australian National University, Australia
positive relationship of facial expressivity with receptive abilities and extraversion. Results will be discussed in the context of recent debates in emotion research and models of emotional abilities.
Mental time travel is the cognitive capacity to situate thought in times other than the present, including episodic memory and episodic planning. Despite its significance in everyday life, the research to date is limited. Though different past- or future- oriented predispositions are related to different situations or task demands, research has been conducted exclusively in the laboratory. It is an inherently transient, variable phenomenon on the individual level, yet much of the literature relies on measures insensitive to this temporal and within-subject variability. This research addresses a major gap in the field by exploring mental time travel in an ambulatory assessment paradigm using mobile telephones as a response platform. Participants completed baseline questionnaires, followed by a short mental time travel questionnaire on twenty occasions across two days, on an individually randomised schedule. Results from this repeated measures data collection will be discussed alongside the methodological considerations of this novel approach. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.07.082
Mind your perspective: How perspective perception of norm-violating actions M. Fiori, F. Krings, E.P. Kleinlogel University of Lausanne, Switzerland
taking
shapes
This research investigates the role of perspective taking on judging blatantly wrong actions. We hypothesized that judgments of norm-violating actions would depend on the perspective taken by the perceiver (the injured party or the perpetrator); we expected results to be mediated by causal attribution. Participants read a vignette describing an employee going to work drunk and leaving early without permission. We measured empathy and perspective taking, participants’ causal attributions, and manipulated the perspective participants would take (employee/employee’s supervisor). Individuals taking the perspective of the employee judged more leniently the norm-violating behavior; this relationship was fully mediated by blaming the employee for his actions. Scores on perspective taking and empathy did not influence perception of the behavior, individuals higher in empathy felt closer to the employee than to his supervisor and for this reason blamed less the employee for his actions. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.07.083
Modeling individual differences in facial expressivity A. Hildebrandt, S. Olderbak, W. Sommer, O. Wilhelm Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany Taxonomic models of emotional abilities have focused on receptive facets. Latent variable modeling of facial emotion expression as an ability construct has been neglected so far. We developed a task battery including multiple methods for assessing the ability to display six main emotions, anger, fear, sadness, surprise, disgust, and happiness. Video recordings of the emotion displays were analyzed for 245 participants. Following automatic expression coding, elaborate scoring and systematic model testing we established a measurement model of productive emotional abilities. The structure that best described the observed data controlled for face plasticity and showed emotion-specific factors that are nested under a general expressivity factor. Individual differences in Action Unit networks characterizing specific emotions will be considered. Structural models revealed a
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.07.084
Moderating effect of positive urgency on the relationship between positive mood and alcohol use L. Dinc, A. Cooper University of London, London, United Kingdom The current study sought to further validate the role of positive urgency (tendency to act in rash when in extreme positive emotional state) as a risk factor for impulsive behaviours and alcohol use. The study firstly, extends previous research by examining the relationship between impulsivity and alcohol use with a focus on positive urgency. Secondly, it employs between subjects design to examine the extent to which positive urgency moderates the relationship between high activation and low activation positive mood (happy, calm) and alcohol use. The results indicated a significant moderating effect of positive urgency on the relationship between high activation positive mood and alcohol use. Positive urgency and high activation positive mood interaction significantly predicted increases in beer consumption. This moderation effect was not observed for the other mood conditions. The findings shed light on the involvement of positive urgency in the relationship between positive mood and alcohol use. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.07.085
Molecular biology of the fully-dimensional schizotypy-model P. Grant, Y. Kuepper, C. Catrin Wielpuetz, J. Hennig Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Germany Schizotypy constitutes a useful model for the study of schizophreniform traits in healthy individuals, as it circumnavigates many confounders found in schizophrenia-patients. To examine molecular-biological indicators of the fully-dimensional schizotypy-model, the German version of the Oxford-Liverpool Inventory of Feelings and Experiences (O-LIFE) was examined regarding its associations with select relevant genetic polymorphisms. We present a number of influences of dopaminergic as well as non-dopaminergic genetic variants on sub-facets of schizotypy, whereof all can be interpreted in line with the current dopamine-hypothesis of psychosis in schizophrenia. Additionally, we examined correlations between schizotypy-dimensions and expression-levels of potentially relevant genes in the peripheral blood of healthy males. Preliminary analyses show significant correlations between the O-LIFE subscales and the expression of genes involved, i.a., in dopamine-regulation. Our findings indicate that schizotypy and schizophrenia share commonalities on the molecular-biological level. We therefore suggest the fullydimensional schizotypy-model be further evaluated regarding its biological foundations. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.07.086
Neural efficiency depending on subjective and objective level of task difficulty – An fMRI study B. Dunst, M. Benedek, E. Jauk, A.C. Neubauer Karl-Franzens University Graz, Austria Studies approving the neural efficiency hypothesis have revealed that brighter individuals show lower brain activation than less bright