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Modulus reinforcement in elastomer composites: II. Polymeric fillers
Narkis, M. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, Vol 17,.No 4 (Apr 1973) p 1173 The stress-strain behaviour of glass bead filled polymers was studied below the glass transition temperature to determine the effects of additions of filler on toughness and elongation. It is shown that the elongation and toughness of a particulate reinforced composite may be greater than those of the unfilled polymer if the matrix is amenable to crazing. The energy absorbing mechanism of crazing has not previously been reported for glass polymers filled with rigid particles.
Glasfaserverstarkte Thermoplastische Formmassen (Glass fibre-reinforced thermoplastic fabrications) (in Dutch) Oberbach, K. Plastica, Vo126 (1973) pp 315-323 Important glass reinforced thermoplastics are surveyed. The influence of glass content, impact strength, dimensional stability, safe operating temperatures and behaviour under long term static and dynamic loads are all discussed. Modulus reinforcement in elastomer composites: I. Inorganic fillers Ziegal, K. D. and Romanov, A. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, Vol 17, No 4 (Apr 1973) p 1119 Four gum elastomers reinforced with powdered silica, glass beads and barium sulphate powder were examined and the variation in storage modulus with filler concentration was shown to be described by a modified Kemer equation. The results of an empirical equation of energy dissipation with
filler concentration compare favourably with those obtained from the Kerner equation.
Modulus reinforcement in elastomer composites: II. Polymeric fillers Ziegal, K. D. and Romanov, A. Journal of Applied Polymer Science;, Vol 17, No 4 (Apr 1973) p 1133 The modified Kerner equation was applied to dynamical mechanical data obtained from blends of high modulus polystyrene, polyamide and polymethylmethacrylate in a low modulus matrix of ethylene/vinly acetate copolymer. A rigid polymer/ elastomeric polymer interaction parameter can be found from modulus data by means of the modified Kerner equation to predict reinforcement behaviour from Tg matrix to Tg filler. Over het schilderen van al dan wiet verweerd gewapend polyester (concerning as-wet, coated, woven polyester (in Dutch) Douper, R. Plastica, Vo126 (1973) pp 114-119 The paintability of polyester/glass composites prepared by hand lay-up and by priming was compared. Both weathered and virgin materials were studied. Adhesion was found to be greatest for hand laid-up and weathered sheets. Pre-treatment with a suitable solvent was also beneficial. The best results were obtained with primers based on epoxy or polyurethane resins. STR UCTURES
Advanced composite materials Clauser~ H. R. Scientific American, Vol229, No 1 (Ju11973)p 36
A review of basic features of composite materials is followed by a discussion of design philosophy in order to obtain required mechanical properties from a dispersed phase in a continuous matrix.
Recent developments in particulate and fibre composites are considered generally and the Final section consists of a review of boron and graphite fibres in epoxy or aluminium matrices, unidirectionally solidified alloys and eutectics and ceramic whiskers. Reinforced plastics in aerospace applications Oliver, P. C. Plastics and Polymers, Vol41, (1973)pp 112-114 A report on the recent conference organised by the Reinforced Plastics Group of the Plastics Institute Papers were presented on subjects including sandwich structures in the de Haviland Mosquito, ablative composites, conposite rocket motors, glass and carbon reinforced plastics turbine fan blades and grp cladding for Boeing aircraft. Some economic aspects of composite materials Locke, H. B. Plastics and Polymers, Vo141 (1973) pp 136-140 The article deals with the property/ cost relationships of composite materials, in particular cfrp, in relation to conventional alternative materials. It emphasizes the fact that the cost of a composite material component depends not only on the raw materials used but do very markedly on the processing needed to achieve the customer's requirements. As an example, the cost of compressor blades fabricated from various materials is considered in detail.
Abstracts of patents UK PA TENTS
amount of a multi-unsaturated cornpound, such as N, NLm-phenylene bis maleimide.
Glass fibre-reinforced polypropylene moulded articles (Nitro Boseki Co Ltd) UK Pat 1 321 508 (27June 1973)
Improvements in tube manufacture (Vera Fabrikker A/S) UK Pat 1 322 467(4July 1973)
Improved adhesion between glass fibre and polypropylene, as shown by increased flexural strength, is achieved by using a silane treated glass fibre material and polypropylene containing an organic peroxide, such as dicumyl peroxide, and at least an equal molar
Tubes are made by winding a resin impregnated glass mat web around a mandrel. The mat is prevented from disintegrating by being supported on a plurality of glass strands which form a supporting belt. The strands also prevent sagging on the mandrel.
COMPOSITES . MAY
1974
Thermosetting resinous composition (Freeman Chemical Corp) UK Pat 1
321 686 (27June 1973) Moulding materials which have good shelf life and low mould shrinkage are made from an unsaturated polyester, a monomer, fillers and a free radical initiator with the addition of 6.5 to 20% of polyvinyl acetate based on the amount of polyester and monomer. Bearing structures (Albright and Wilson Ltd)
UK Pat 1 321 983 (4 July 1973)
133
Glasfaserverstarkte Thermoplastische Formmassen (Glass fibre-reinforced thermoplastic fabrications) (in Dutch) Oberbach, K. Plastica, Vo126 (1973) pp 315-323 Important glass reinforced thermoplastics are surveyed. The influence of glass content, impact strength, dimensional stability, safe operating temperatures and behaviour under long term static and dynamic loads are all discussed. Modulus reinforcement in elastomer composites: I. Inorganic fillers Ziegal, K. D. and Romanov, A. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, Vol 17, No 4 (Apr 1973) p 1119 Four gum elastomers reinforced with powdered silica, glass beads and barium sulphate powder were examined and the variation in storage modulus with filler concentration was shown to be described by a modified Kemer equation. The results of an empirical equation of energy dissipation with
filler concentration compare favourably with those obtained from the Kerner equation.
Modulus reinforcement in elastomer composites: II. Polymeric fillers Ziegal, K. D. and Romanov, A. Journal of Applied Polymer Science;, Vol 17, No 4 (Apr 1973) p 1133 The modified Kerner equation was applied to dynamical mechanical data obtained from blends of high modulus polystyrene, polyamide and polymethylmethacrylate in a low modulus matrix of ethylene/vinly acetate copolymer. A rigid polymer/ elastomeric polymer interaction parameter can be found from modulus data by means of the modified Kerner equation to predict reinforcement behaviour from Tg matrix to Tg filler. Over het schilderen van al dan wiet verweerd gewapend polyester (concerning as-wet, coated, woven polyester (in Dutch) Douper, R. Plastica, Vo126 (1973) pp 114-119 The paintability of polyester/glass composites prepared by hand lay-up and by priming was compared. Both weathered and virgin materials were studied. Adhesion was found to be greatest for hand laid-up and weathered sheets. Pre-treatment with a suitable solvent was also beneficial. The best results were obtained with primers based on epoxy or polyurethane resins. STR UCTURES
Advanced composite materials Clauser~ H. R. Scientific American, Vol229, No 1 (Ju11973)p 36
A review of basic features of composite materials is followed by a discussion of design philosophy in order to obtain required mechanical properties from a dispersed phase in a continuous matrix.
Recent developments in particulate and fibre composites are considered generally and the Final section consists of a review of boron and graphite fibres in epoxy or aluminium matrices, unidirectionally solidified alloys and eutectics and ceramic whiskers. Reinforced plastics in aerospace applications Oliver, P. C. Plastics and Polymers, Vol41, (1973)pp 112-114 A report on the recent conference organised by the Reinforced Plastics Group of the Plastics Institute Papers were presented on subjects including sandwich structures in the de Haviland Mosquito, ablative composites, conposite rocket motors, glass and carbon reinforced plastics turbine fan blades and grp cladding for Boeing aircraft. Some economic aspects of composite materials Locke, H. B. Plastics and Polymers, Vo141 (1973) pp 136-140 The article deals with the property/ cost relationships of composite materials, in particular cfrp, in relation to conventional alternative materials. It emphasizes the fact that the cost of a composite material component depends not only on the raw materials used but do very markedly on the processing needed to achieve the customer's requirements. As an example, the cost of compressor blades fabricated from various materials is considered in detail.
Abstracts of patents UK PA TENTS
amount of a multi-unsaturated cornpound, such as N, NLm-phenylene bis maleimide.
Glass fibre-reinforced polypropylene moulded articles (Nitro Boseki Co Ltd) UK Pat 1 321 508 (27June 1973)
Improvements in tube manufacture (Vera Fabrikker A/S) UK Pat 1 322 467(4July 1973)
Improved adhesion between glass fibre and polypropylene, as shown by increased flexural strength, is achieved by using a silane treated glass fibre material and polypropylene containing an organic peroxide, such as dicumyl peroxide, and at least an equal molar
Tubes are made by winding a resin impregnated glass mat web around a mandrel. The mat is prevented from disintegrating by being supported on a plurality of glass strands which form a supporting belt. The strands also prevent sagging on the mandrel.
COMPOSITES . MAY
1974
Thermosetting resinous composition (Freeman Chemical Corp) UK Pat 1
321 686 (27June 1973) Moulding materials which have good shelf life and low mould shrinkage are made from an unsaturated polyester, a monomer, fillers and a free radical initiator with the addition of 6.5 to 20% of polyvinyl acetate based on the amount of polyester and monomer. Bearing structures (Albright and Wilson Ltd)
UK Pat 1 321 983 (4 July 1973)
133