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Molluscicidal activity against Biomphalaria glabrata of Brazilian Cerrado medicinal plants
Fitoterapia 73 Ž2002. 428᎐430
Short report
Molluscicidal activity against Biomphalaria glabrata of Brazilian Cerrado medicinal plants J.C.B. Bezerraa , I.A. Silvaa , H.D. Ferreirab, P.H. Ferri c , S.C. Santos c,U a
Setor de Parasitologia-Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saude Goiania, ´ Publica, ´ ˆ GO, Brazil b Departamento de Biologia Geral-Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas, Goiania, ˆ ´ ˆ GO, Brazil c Laboratorio Uni¨ ersidade Federal de Goias, ´ de Bioati¨ idade Molecular -Instituto de Quımica, ´ ´ CP 131, 74001-970, Goiania, ˆ GO, Brazil
Received 4 February 2002; accepted 20 May 2002
Abstract Alcoholic extracts of six Brazilian Cerrado medicinal plants were evaluated for their molluscicidal activity against Biomphalaria glabrata, intermediate host of schistosomiasis. Stryphnodendron polyphyllum bark extract, rich in condensed tannins, was the most promising as molluscicide. 䊚 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All right reserved. Keywords: Stryphnodendron adstringens; S. polyphyllum; Caryocar brasiliensis; Eugenia dysenterica; Annona crassiflora; Dimorphandra mollis; Molluscicidal activity
Plant material. Stryphnodendron adstringens ŽMart.. Coville ŽMimosoideae., Stryphnodendron polyphyllum Mart. ŽMimosoideae., Dimorphandra mollis Bth. ŽMimosoideae., Caryocar brasiliensis Camb. ŽCaryocaraceae., Eugenia dysenterica DC. ŽMyrtaceae. and Annona crassiflora Mart. ŽAnnonaceae. were collected in U
Corresponding author. Tel.: q55-21-62-521-1008; fax: q55-21-62-521-1167. E-mail address: [email protected] ŽS.C. Santos..
0367-326Xr02r$ - see front matter 䊚 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. PII: S 0 3 6 7 - 3 2 6 X Ž 0 2 . 0 0 1 2 1 - 1
J.C.B. Bezerra et al. r Fitoterapia 73 (2002) 428᎐430
429
May 1997 in Goias ´ state and identified by Prof. Heleno D. Ferreira. Vouchers specimens were deposited at the Herbarium of the Universidade Federal de Goias ´ ŽUFG.. Uses in traditional medicine. S. adstringens, S. polyphyllum and D. mollis are used for the treatment of diarrhoea, gynaecological problems and for healing wounds w1x. The stem bark extract of S. adstringens showed cicatrizant properties w2,3x, anti-inflammatory activity w4x and gastric anti-ulcerogenic effects w5x. E. dysenterica leaves are used against dysentery and fruits as laxative w1x, essential oil from leaves presented anti-fungal activity w6x. Oil from fruits of C. brasiliensis is used against influenza and lung diseases w1,7x, leaves are used as infusion for liver disorders w7x. A. crassiflora seeds are used for snake bites w8x, and showed inhibition of drug-induced contractions w9x, leaves extract presented anti-fungal activity w10x. Previously isolated classes of constituents. S. adstringens, flavan-3-ols, prodelphinidins and prorobinetinidins w11,12x. S. polyphyllum no report. D. mollis, rutin from the fruits w13x. E. dysenterica, mono and sesquiterpenes in essential oil w6x. C. brasiliensis, fatty acids and carotenoids from the fruits w14x. A. crassiflora, polyketides from seeds w15x and flavonoids from leaves w16x. Tested material. Ethanol extracts. Studied activity. Molluscicidal activity against snails Biomphalaria glabrata ŽSay. . Crude extracts were dissolved in 250 ml of dechlorinated tap water at an initial concentration of 100 ppm. Ten snails were submerged in the solution for 24 h and the surviving snails were removed to a flask containing 250 ml of dechlorinated tap water, fed with lettuce, and observed for four days. The most active extracts were tested also at 50 and 20 ppm. Controls without extracts were run in parallel. Used animals. B. glabrata Žstrain BH. maintained in polyethylene boxes with 10 l of dechlorinated tap water at 28 " 2 ⬚C and fed with lettuce. Adult snails with a shell diameter between 14 and 18 mm were used in the assays. Results and conclusions. Reported in Table 1. Extracts of S. adstringens, S. polyphyllum, C. brasiliensis and E. dysenterica Žleaves. were highly toxic to B. glabrata at 100 ppm. When the concentrations were reduced to 50 ppm, only S. adstringens and S. polyphyllum continued showing high molluscicidal activity. These plants were tested at 20 ppm and S. polyphyllum barks extract was the most active with 40% of mortality at this concentration. The bark of S. polyphyllum is rich in condensed tannin, prodelphinidin type, which are responsible for the molluscicidal activity w17x. According to the World Health Organization guidelines w18x, this extract can become a plant-derived molluscicide, with potential use for the control of schistosomiasis.
J.C.B. Bezerra et al. r Fitoterapia 73 (2002) 428᎐430
430
Table 1 Activity of plant extracts against Biomphalaria glabrataa Plant
S. adstringens S. polyphyllum D. mollis C. brasiliensis E. dysenterica A. crassiflora
Part used
Leaves Barks Leaves Barks Leaves Barks Leaves Barks Leaves Barks Leaves
Yield Ž%.
28.75 26.15 30.05 37.55 23.60 15.15 64.94 10.36 34.86 9.30 33.20
Constituents b
CT, F CT CT, F CT F C, CT, F CT, HT, F, T CT, HTU , F CT, F C, PA, CTU F, CTU
Mortality Ž%. after 48 h 100 ppm
50 ppm
20 ppm
100 100 100 100 0 10 90 90 100 0 0
90 60 70 70 ᎐ ᎐ 20 10 10 ᎐ ᎐
10 0 10 40 ᎐ ᎐ ᎐ ᎐ ᎐ ᎐ ᎐
a
Results are the mean of two replications. C, coumarins; F, flavonoids; T, terpenoids; PA, phenolics acids; CT, condensed tannins; HT, hydrolysable tannins. U Trace. b
Acknowledgements The authors are indebted to CNPqrPCOP ŽGrant No. 520769r99-6., PADCT ao de Apoio ` a Pesquisa ᎏ III ŽGrant No. 620166r97-5. and Fundac¸˜ FUNAPErUFG.
References w1x Septımio LR. A Fitoterapia Baseada em Ervas Medicinais do Cerrado. Ed. SIPE-Ministerio ´ ´ da Cultura, 1994:30. w2x Panizza S, Rocha AB, Gecchi R, Silva RAPS. Rev Cien Farm 1988;10:101. w3x Neto JJ, Fracasso JF, Neves MCLC, Santos LE, Banuth VL. Rev Cien Farm 1996;17:181. w4x Lima JCS, Martins DTO, Souza Jr. PT. Phytother Res 1998;12:218. w5x Audi EA, Toledo DP, Peres PG et al. Phytother Res 1999;13:264. w6x Costa TR, Fernandes OFL, Santos SC et al. J Etnopharmacol 2000;72:111. w7x Siqueira JC, Spectrum J. Bras Cien 1982;2:41. ´ w8x Correia MP. Dicionario e Especies Exoticas. Rio de Janeiro: Ed. Imprensa ´ de Plantas Uteis ´ ´ Nacional, Ministerio ´ da Agricultura, 1926. w9x Weinberg MDD, Pires V, Weinberg J, Oliveira AB. J Pharm Pharmacol 1993;45:70. w10x Silva MV, Costa TR, Costa MR et al. Pharm Biol 2001;39:138. w11x Mello JCP, Petereit F, Nahrstedt A. Phytochemistry 1996;41:807. w12x Mello JCP, Petereit F, Nahrstedt A. Phytochemistry 1996;42:857. w13x Tomassini E, Mors WB. An Acad Bras Cien 1966;38:321. w14x Araujo FD. Econ Bot 1995;49:40. w15x Santos LP, Boaventura MAD, Sun NJ, Cassady JM, Oliveira AB. Phytochemistry 1996;42:705. w16x Santos DYAC, Salatino MLF. Phytochemistry 2000;55:567. w17x Schaufelberger D, Hostettman K. Planta Med 1983;48:105. w18x WHO-World Health Organization. Tropical Disease Research, Geneve, 1993.
Short report
Molluscicidal activity against Biomphalaria glabrata of Brazilian Cerrado medicinal plants J.C.B. Bezerraa , I.A. Silvaa , H.D. Ferreirab, P.H. Ferri c , S.C. Santos c,U a
Setor de Parasitologia-Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saude Goiania, ´ Publica, ´ ˆ GO, Brazil b Departamento de Biologia Geral-Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas, Goiania, ˆ ´ ˆ GO, Brazil c Laboratorio Uni¨ ersidade Federal de Goias, ´ de Bioati¨ idade Molecular -Instituto de Quımica, ´ ´ CP 131, 74001-970, Goiania, ˆ GO, Brazil
Received 4 February 2002; accepted 20 May 2002
Abstract Alcoholic extracts of six Brazilian Cerrado medicinal plants were evaluated for their molluscicidal activity against Biomphalaria glabrata, intermediate host of schistosomiasis. Stryphnodendron polyphyllum bark extract, rich in condensed tannins, was the most promising as molluscicide. 䊚 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All right reserved. Keywords: Stryphnodendron adstringens; S. polyphyllum; Caryocar brasiliensis; Eugenia dysenterica; Annona crassiflora; Dimorphandra mollis; Molluscicidal activity
Plant material. Stryphnodendron adstringens ŽMart.. Coville ŽMimosoideae., Stryphnodendron polyphyllum Mart. ŽMimosoideae., Dimorphandra mollis Bth. ŽMimosoideae., Caryocar brasiliensis Camb. ŽCaryocaraceae., Eugenia dysenterica DC. ŽMyrtaceae. and Annona crassiflora Mart. ŽAnnonaceae. were collected in U
Corresponding author. Tel.: q55-21-62-521-1008; fax: q55-21-62-521-1167. E-mail address: [email protected] ŽS.C. Santos..
0367-326Xr02r$ - see front matter 䊚 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. PII: S 0 3 6 7 - 3 2 6 X Ž 0 2 . 0 0 1 2 1 - 1
J.C.B. Bezerra et al. r Fitoterapia 73 (2002) 428᎐430
429
May 1997 in Goias ´ state and identified by Prof. Heleno D. Ferreira. Vouchers specimens were deposited at the Herbarium of the Universidade Federal de Goias ´ ŽUFG.. Uses in traditional medicine. S. adstringens, S. polyphyllum and D. mollis are used for the treatment of diarrhoea, gynaecological problems and for healing wounds w1x. The stem bark extract of S. adstringens showed cicatrizant properties w2,3x, anti-inflammatory activity w4x and gastric anti-ulcerogenic effects w5x. E. dysenterica leaves are used against dysentery and fruits as laxative w1x, essential oil from leaves presented anti-fungal activity w6x. Oil from fruits of C. brasiliensis is used against influenza and lung diseases w1,7x, leaves are used as infusion for liver disorders w7x. A. crassiflora seeds are used for snake bites w8x, and showed inhibition of drug-induced contractions w9x, leaves extract presented anti-fungal activity w10x. Previously isolated classes of constituents. S. adstringens, flavan-3-ols, prodelphinidins and prorobinetinidins w11,12x. S. polyphyllum no report. D. mollis, rutin from the fruits w13x. E. dysenterica, mono and sesquiterpenes in essential oil w6x. C. brasiliensis, fatty acids and carotenoids from the fruits w14x. A. crassiflora, polyketides from seeds w15x and flavonoids from leaves w16x. Tested material. Ethanol extracts. Studied activity. Molluscicidal activity against snails Biomphalaria glabrata ŽSay. . Crude extracts were dissolved in 250 ml of dechlorinated tap water at an initial concentration of 100 ppm. Ten snails were submerged in the solution for 24 h and the surviving snails were removed to a flask containing 250 ml of dechlorinated tap water, fed with lettuce, and observed for four days. The most active extracts were tested also at 50 and 20 ppm. Controls without extracts were run in parallel. Used animals. B. glabrata Žstrain BH. maintained in polyethylene boxes with 10 l of dechlorinated tap water at 28 " 2 ⬚C and fed with lettuce. Adult snails with a shell diameter between 14 and 18 mm were used in the assays. Results and conclusions. Reported in Table 1. Extracts of S. adstringens, S. polyphyllum, C. brasiliensis and E. dysenterica Žleaves. were highly toxic to B. glabrata at 100 ppm. When the concentrations were reduced to 50 ppm, only S. adstringens and S. polyphyllum continued showing high molluscicidal activity. These plants were tested at 20 ppm and S. polyphyllum barks extract was the most active with 40% of mortality at this concentration. The bark of S. polyphyllum is rich in condensed tannin, prodelphinidin type, which are responsible for the molluscicidal activity w17x. According to the World Health Organization guidelines w18x, this extract can become a plant-derived molluscicide, with potential use for the control of schistosomiasis.
J.C.B. Bezerra et al. r Fitoterapia 73 (2002) 428᎐430
430
Table 1 Activity of plant extracts against Biomphalaria glabrataa Plant
S. adstringens S. polyphyllum D. mollis C. brasiliensis E. dysenterica A. crassiflora
Part used
Leaves Barks Leaves Barks Leaves Barks Leaves Barks Leaves Barks Leaves
Yield Ž%.
28.75 26.15 30.05 37.55 23.60 15.15 64.94 10.36 34.86 9.30 33.20
Constituents b
CT, F CT CT, F CT F C, CT, F CT, HT, F, T CT, HTU , F CT, F C, PA, CTU F, CTU
Mortality Ž%. after 48 h 100 ppm
50 ppm
20 ppm
100 100 100 100 0 10 90 90 100 0 0
90 60 70 70 ᎐ ᎐ 20 10 10 ᎐ ᎐
10 0 10 40 ᎐ ᎐ ᎐ ᎐ ᎐ ᎐ ᎐
a
Results are the mean of two replications. C, coumarins; F, flavonoids; T, terpenoids; PA, phenolics acids; CT, condensed tannins; HT, hydrolysable tannins. U Trace. b
Acknowledgements The authors are indebted to CNPqrPCOP ŽGrant No. 520769r99-6., PADCT ao de Apoio ` a Pesquisa ᎏ III ŽGrant No. 620166r97-5. and Fundac¸˜ FUNAPErUFG.
References w1x Septımio LR. A Fitoterapia Baseada em Ervas Medicinais do Cerrado. Ed. SIPE-Ministerio ´ ´ da Cultura, 1994:30. w2x Panizza S, Rocha AB, Gecchi R, Silva RAPS. Rev Cien Farm 1988;10:101. w3x Neto JJ, Fracasso JF, Neves MCLC, Santos LE, Banuth VL. Rev Cien Farm 1996;17:181. w4x Lima JCS, Martins DTO, Souza Jr. PT. Phytother Res 1998;12:218. w5x Audi EA, Toledo DP, Peres PG et al. Phytother Res 1999;13:264. w6x Costa TR, Fernandes OFL, Santos SC et al. J Etnopharmacol 2000;72:111. w7x Siqueira JC, Spectrum J. Bras Cien 1982;2:41. ´ w8x Correia MP. Dicionario e Especies Exoticas. Rio de Janeiro: Ed. Imprensa ´ de Plantas Uteis ´ ´ Nacional, Ministerio ´ da Agricultura, 1926. w9x Weinberg MDD, Pires V, Weinberg J, Oliveira AB. J Pharm Pharmacol 1993;45:70. w10x Silva MV, Costa TR, Costa MR et al. Pharm Biol 2001;39:138. w11x Mello JCP, Petereit F, Nahrstedt A. Phytochemistry 1996;41:807. w12x Mello JCP, Petereit F, Nahrstedt A. Phytochemistry 1996;42:857. w13x Tomassini E, Mors WB. An Acad Bras Cien 1966;38:321. w14x Araujo FD. Econ Bot 1995;49:40. w15x Santos LP, Boaventura MAD, Sun NJ, Cassady JM, Oliveira AB. Phytochemistry 1996;42:705. w16x Santos DYAC, Salatino MLF. Phytochemistry 2000;55:567. w17x Schaufelberger D, Hostettman K. Planta Med 1983;48:105. w18x WHO-World Health Organization. Tropical Disease Research, Geneve, 1993.