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MORE CONTROLLING CHILD FEEDING PRACTICES FOUND AMONG PARENTS OF BOYS WITH AN AVERAGE BMI
Journal of the American Dietetic Association Online
and calcium intake, all subjects received a brochure about calcium and bone health. Experimental subjects received the brochure and feedback about their calcium intake and how it compared to the recommended intake for their age. Calcium intake was determined using the Short Calcium and Vitamin D Screener and osteoporosis knowledge was assessed using a 24-item Osteoporosis Knowledge Test. Eight weeks after receiving the nutrition brochure, calcium intake and osteoporosis knowledge were again assessed. A total of 249 women completed the follow-up survey. SPSS version 11.0 was utilized for data analysis. Descriptive statistics were performed on demographic data. Means and standard deviations of the variables tested (osteoporosis knowledge and calcium intake) were determined. Paired t-tests were performed to detect differences in osteoporosis knowledge and calcium intakes from pre- to- post-test within each study group. Knowledge of osteoporosis increased significantly in both the control group (p<.001) and the experimental group (p<.001). There was no significant increase in pre- to- post-test calcium intakes in either group. Independent samples t-tests were performed to compare calcium intakes and osteoporosis knowledge between pre- and postmenopausal women. Postmenopausal women exhibited higher levels of knowledge of osteoporosis at pre-test than premenopausal women (p<.01). There was no significant difference in calcium intakes between premenopausal and postmenopausal women at pre-test. These data suggest that an increase in knowledge of osteoporosis does not lead to a corresponding increase in calcium consumption, and that the addition of personalized risk information does not provide the impetus needed for dietary change. TITLE: BEVERAGE PATTERNS OF INFANTS/TODDLERS, 4-24 MONTHS AUTHOR(S): J. Skinner1, PhD, RD; B. Devaney2,PhD; P. Ziegler3, PhD, RD; 1The University of Tennessee; 2Mathematica; 3Gerber Products Co. LEARNING OUTCOME: Understand the development of beverage patterns in the first 2 years of life. TEXT: To determine beverage patterns in infants/toddlers 4-24 months of age in a cross sectional study, mothers (n=3022) provided a 24 hour dietary recall via telephone interviews. Infants/toddlers were grouped into 6 age categories: 4-6, 7-8, 9-11, 12-15, 15-18 and 19-24 mos. Researchers classified beverages as milks (all types) 100% juices, carbonated beverages, fruit drinks, and others. Percentages of total daily intake provided by each beverage category were calculated for energy and 9 nutrients. Whereas milks provided 84% of total energy and similar percentages for most nutrients at 46 mos, milks provided only 23% of total energy for toddlers aged 19-24 mos. Juices (100% only) consumed at 19-24 mos. provided 7% of total daily energy, 27% of vitamin C, and 5% of total folate. At the same age, fruit drinks provided 4% of total daily energy, 10% of vitamin C, and 0% of folate. Carbonated beverages first appeared on the food records at 7-8 mos; 11% of infants drank a carbonated beverage on the survey day at 19-24 mos. Some infants/toddlers consume beverages of low nutritional value (carbonated beverages, fruit drinks) prior to age 2 years. Funded by Gerber Products Co. TITLE: MORE CONTROLLING CHILD FEEDING PRACTICES FOUND AMONG PARENTS OF BOYS WITH AN AVERAGE BMI AUTHOR(S): L.S. Brann PhD, RD; J.D. Skinner PhD, RD; The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN http://www2.us.elsevierhealth.com/inst/serve?article=jjada0310309ab01&arttype=full (96 of 117) [3/21/2008 8:45:20 AM]
Journal of the American Dietetic Association Online
LEARNING OUTCOME: To increase awareness of parents' child feeding practices in relation to their preadolescent sons' body mass index (BMI). TEXT: Parents influence the eating behaviors of children in a variety of ways, and one important way is through their child feeding practices. The study objective was to determine whether differences existed in parents' child feeding practices by their sons' BMI. Participants were 49 Caucasian preadolescent boys and their parents. Boys were grouped by their BMI into an average BMI group (n=25) and a high BMI group (n=24). Parents of boys completed questionnaires related to their child feeding practices. Multivariate analyses of variance were used to compare child feeding practices between parents of boys in the two BMI groups, and between mothers and fathers. Analyses of variance were used as follow-up tests where appropriate. Mothers of boys with a high BMI saw their sons as more overweight (p=.03), were more concerned about their sons' weight (p<.0001), and used pressure to eat less often with their sons (p<.0001) compared to mothers of boys with an average BMI. These findings were also true of fathers. In addition, fathers of boys with a high BMI monitored their sons' eating less often than fathers of boys with an average BMI (p=.006). When compared to fathers, mothers were more responsible for providing food to their sons (p<.0001). In conclusion, parents of boys with an average BMI tended to use more controlling child feeding practices with their sons. Understanding the relationships between parental child feeding practices and boys' weight status will help professionals educate parents about the most effective feeding practices to use with their sons. TITLE: DIETARY INTAKES AND MOTHERS' DECISIONS ABOUT OFFERING NEW FOODS TO PICKY EATER CHILDREN AUTHOR(S): B. R. Carruth1, PhD, RD; B. Devaney2, P. Ziegler3, PhD, RD; 1The University of Tennessee; 2Mathematica; 3Gerber Products Co. LEARNING OUTCOME: To understand the development of picky eaters in the first 2 years of life. TEXT: The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of infants/toddlers 4-24 months of age that were perceived as picky eaters. In this cross-sectional study on feeding infants and toddlers, mothers/caretakers (n = 3022) provided a 24-hour dietary recall via telephone interviews. Infants/ toddlers were grouped into 6 age categories: 4-6, 7-8, 9-11, 12-15, 15-18, and 19-24 months. For all nutrients, mean intakes met or exceeded the guidelines for all ages. The primary caregivers were mostly mothers (91% of respondents) and were responsible for foods chosen and offered to their children. By 9-11 months of age, 28% of the children were considered very or somewhat picky eaters with the number increasing to 50% for the children 19-24 months of age. The highest frequency for offering new foods before deciding that the child disliked the food was 3-5 times. About 25% of mothers interviewed at each age period (4-24 months) offered foods only 1-2 times. These practices are inconsistent with studies that indicate 8-15 exposures are needed to enhance new food acceptance. In conclusion, to increase dietary variety of new foods, caretakers need to expose infants/ toddlers to new foods multiple times. TITLE: A STATE AND COUNTY PARTNERSHIP TO IMPROVE THE NUTRITIONAL WELL-BEING OF OLDER ADULTS IN A RURAL COMMUNITY THROUGH INCREASED AVAILABILITY OF FRUITS http://www2.us.elsevierhealth.com/inst/serve?article=jjada0310309ab01&arttype=full (97 of 117) [3/21/2008 8:45:20 AM]
and calcium intake, all subjects received a brochure about calcium and bone health. Experimental subjects received the brochure and feedback about their calcium intake and how it compared to the recommended intake for their age. Calcium intake was determined using the Short Calcium and Vitamin D Screener and osteoporosis knowledge was assessed using a 24-item Osteoporosis Knowledge Test. Eight weeks after receiving the nutrition brochure, calcium intake and osteoporosis knowledge were again assessed. A total of 249 women completed the follow-up survey. SPSS version 11.0 was utilized for data analysis. Descriptive statistics were performed on demographic data. Means and standard deviations of the variables tested (osteoporosis knowledge and calcium intake) were determined. Paired t-tests were performed to detect differences in osteoporosis knowledge and calcium intakes from pre- to- post-test within each study group. Knowledge of osteoporosis increased significantly in both the control group (p<.001) and the experimental group (p<.001). There was no significant increase in pre- to- post-test calcium intakes in either group. Independent samples t-tests were performed to compare calcium intakes and osteoporosis knowledge between pre- and postmenopausal women. Postmenopausal women exhibited higher levels of knowledge of osteoporosis at pre-test than premenopausal women (p<.01). There was no significant difference in calcium intakes between premenopausal and postmenopausal women at pre-test. These data suggest that an increase in knowledge of osteoporosis does not lead to a corresponding increase in calcium consumption, and that the addition of personalized risk information does not provide the impetus needed for dietary change. TITLE: BEVERAGE PATTERNS OF INFANTS/TODDLERS, 4-24 MONTHS AUTHOR(S): J. Skinner1, PhD, RD; B. Devaney2,PhD; P. Ziegler3, PhD, RD; 1The University of Tennessee; 2Mathematica; 3Gerber Products Co. LEARNING OUTCOME: Understand the development of beverage patterns in the first 2 years of life. TEXT: To determine beverage patterns in infants/toddlers 4-24 months of age in a cross sectional study, mothers (n=3022) provided a 24 hour dietary recall via telephone interviews. Infants/toddlers were grouped into 6 age categories: 4-6, 7-8, 9-11, 12-15, 15-18 and 19-24 mos. Researchers classified beverages as milks (all types) 100% juices, carbonated beverages, fruit drinks, and others. Percentages of total daily intake provided by each beverage category were calculated for energy and 9 nutrients. Whereas milks provided 84% of total energy and similar percentages for most nutrients at 46 mos, milks provided only 23% of total energy for toddlers aged 19-24 mos. Juices (100% only) consumed at 19-24 mos. provided 7% of total daily energy, 27% of vitamin C, and 5% of total folate. At the same age, fruit drinks provided 4% of total daily energy, 10% of vitamin C, and 0% of folate. Carbonated beverages first appeared on the food records at 7-8 mos; 11% of infants drank a carbonated beverage on the survey day at 19-24 mos. Some infants/toddlers consume beverages of low nutritional value (carbonated beverages, fruit drinks) prior to age 2 years. Funded by Gerber Products Co. TITLE: MORE CONTROLLING CHILD FEEDING PRACTICES FOUND AMONG PARENTS OF BOYS WITH AN AVERAGE BMI AUTHOR(S): L.S. Brann PhD, RD; J.D. Skinner PhD, RD; The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN http://www2.us.elsevierhealth.com/inst/serve?article=jjada0310309ab01&arttype=full (96 of 117) [3/21/2008 8:45:20 AM]
Journal of the American Dietetic Association Online
LEARNING OUTCOME: To increase awareness of parents' child feeding practices in relation to their preadolescent sons' body mass index (BMI). TEXT: Parents influence the eating behaviors of children in a variety of ways, and one important way is through their child feeding practices. The study objective was to determine whether differences existed in parents' child feeding practices by their sons' BMI. Participants were 49 Caucasian preadolescent boys and their parents. Boys were grouped by their BMI into an average BMI group (n=25) and a high BMI group (n=24). Parents of boys completed questionnaires related to their child feeding practices. Multivariate analyses of variance were used to compare child feeding practices between parents of boys in the two BMI groups, and between mothers and fathers. Analyses of variance were used as follow-up tests where appropriate. Mothers of boys with a high BMI saw their sons as more overweight (p=.03), were more concerned about their sons' weight (p<.0001), and used pressure to eat less often with their sons (p<.0001) compared to mothers of boys with an average BMI. These findings were also true of fathers. In addition, fathers of boys with a high BMI monitored their sons' eating less often than fathers of boys with an average BMI (p=.006). When compared to fathers, mothers were more responsible for providing food to their sons (p<.0001). In conclusion, parents of boys with an average BMI tended to use more controlling child feeding practices with their sons. Understanding the relationships between parental child feeding practices and boys' weight status will help professionals educate parents about the most effective feeding practices to use with their sons. TITLE: DIETARY INTAKES AND MOTHERS' DECISIONS ABOUT OFFERING NEW FOODS TO PICKY EATER CHILDREN AUTHOR(S): B. R. Carruth1, PhD, RD; B. Devaney2, P. Ziegler3, PhD, RD; 1The University of Tennessee; 2Mathematica; 3Gerber Products Co. LEARNING OUTCOME: To understand the development of picky eaters in the first 2 years of life. TEXT: The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of infants/toddlers 4-24 months of age that were perceived as picky eaters. In this cross-sectional study on feeding infants and toddlers, mothers/caretakers (n = 3022) provided a 24-hour dietary recall via telephone interviews. Infants/ toddlers were grouped into 6 age categories: 4-6, 7-8, 9-11, 12-15, 15-18, and 19-24 months. For all nutrients, mean intakes met or exceeded the guidelines for all ages. The primary caregivers were mostly mothers (91% of respondents) and were responsible for foods chosen and offered to their children. By 9-11 months of age, 28% of the children were considered very or somewhat picky eaters with the number increasing to 50% for the children 19-24 months of age. The highest frequency for offering new foods before deciding that the child disliked the food was 3-5 times. About 25% of mothers interviewed at each age period (4-24 months) offered foods only 1-2 times. These practices are inconsistent with studies that indicate 8-15 exposures are needed to enhance new food acceptance. In conclusion, to increase dietary variety of new foods, caretakers need to expose infants/ toddlers to new foods multiple times. TITLE: A STATE AND COUNTY PARTNERSHIP TO IMPROVE THE NUTRITIONAL WELL-BEING OF OLDER ADULTS IN A RURAL COMMUNITY THROUGH INCREASED AVAILABILITY OF FRUITS http://www2.us.elsevierhealth.com/inst/serve?article=jjada0310309ab01&arttype=full (97 of 117) [3/21/2008 8:45:20 AM]