- Email: [email protected]
Motion and emotion while standing on stable and unstable surfaces
IOP 2016
336 Simultaneous interpreting and stress: pilot experiment Tatiana V. Chernigovskayaa, Serguey B. Parinb,c, Irina S. Parinad, Alena A. Koninaa, Dina K. Urikha, Yulia O. Yachmoninac, Maria A. Chernovac, Sofia A. Polevayab,c a Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia b Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia c Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia d Dobrolyubov State Linguistic University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia Stress during simultaneous interpreting is widely discussed but rarely measured. In our pilot study we set up an experimental model with 4 consecutive tasks: interpreting from and into a foreign language (English, n=4; German, n=6; native tongue - Russian), and shadowing both in a foreign language and in a mother tongue. 10 students trained to become simultaneous interpreters (9 females, 1 male; aged 23-28) participated in the experiment. The interpreters worked in pairs for an hour replacing each other after each task. The psychophysiological tests carried out before and after the perfomance included an original emotional disadaptation test, campimetry, senso-motor activity test, laterometry and Stroop test. The measurements were performed via Zephyr HxM Smart Heart Rate Monitor in the framework of eventrelated telemetry registering heart rate variability and stress episodes. According to the analysis of the HRV dynamics, the most stressful activity is revealed in simultaneous interpreting from a foreign language (the mean for the group is 1.8 episodes of stress, pb0.05 as compared to other tasks). The senso-motor activity test revealed significant decrease in the level of cognitive control after the performance. Stroop test results showed dominance of direct interference prior to the performance versus that of reverse interference after. Laterometry showed significant increase in the left hemisphere activity after the performance. We also revealed significant increase in the level of emotional disadaptation after the performance (mean of 0.66 vs 1.22, pb;0.05). Our results suggest that simultaneous interpreting changes significantly functional states of interpreters and promotes the development of stress that can be monitored and registed objectively. This work was partially supported by the Russian Foundation for Humanities, grant number 15-06-10894_a and RFBR, grant number 16-06-00501_a. doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2016.07.472
337 Idtnteractions within fronto-temporal brain network associated with regular vs. irregular verb production Maxim V. Kireeva,c, Natalia Slioussarb,c, Alexander Koronkova, Tatiana V. Chernigovskayac, Svyatoslav V. Medvedeva a N.P. Bechtereva Institute of the Human Brain of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg, Russia b School of Linguistics, Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia c St. Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia Functional connectivity between brains areas involved in the processing of complex language forms remains largely unexplored. In our previous study (Kireev et al., 2015) we reported an fMRI experiment in which participants generated forms from two types of Russian verbs, which can be considered regular and irregular. It was demonstrated that regular verb (RV) production is associated with increased connectivity between left inferior frontal gyrus (lIFG) and both left and right superior temporal gyri (STG), compared to irregular
165
verb production (IV). This can be taken as a piece of evidence in favor of the dual-route models of inflectional morphology, distinguishing between rule-based processes characteristic only for regular forms and memory-based processes involved in any kind of language processing. But the regularity effect is argued to be left-latelarized in these models, while it was associated with bilateral fronto-temporal network (FTN) in our study. To reveal directions of functional influences within the identified FTN, fMRI data from 18 subjects were submitted to the dynamic causal modeling (DCM) analysis implemented in the Statistical Parametric Mapping 12 (SPM12) package. Four models were created to test (1) whether temporal cortex influences IFG activity or vice versa; (2) whether there is any difference between RV and IV in terms of lateralization. According to the Bayesian models selection, the optimal model assumes that regular verb production modulates the influence of the left STG on the left IFG and irregular verb production is associated with modulation of both left and right STG influence on the left IFG. While the debate between dual-route and single-route approaches (assuming or not assuming a categorical distinction between rule-based vs. memory-based processes and thus between regular vs. irregular forms) has been central for the neuroimaging studies of inflectional morphology, only the results of subtractive analysis of fMRI data and, in two studies, of PPI analysis have been used in it before. DCM analysis allows for a deeper understanding of dynamic systems underlying regular and irregular verb production. The results of the current study support the dual-route approach and indicate that rule-based processes involved in regular verb production differentially involve left-lateralized FTN. It can be argued that the regularity effect identified by (Kireev et al., 2015) can be explained by the interaction of rule-based processes, associated with the left IFG, and memory-based processing, which is bilateral. Study was supported by the Russian Science Foundation grant # № 16-18-00041. doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2016.07.473
339 Motion and emotion while standing on stable and unstable surfaces Sara Fariasa, Mariana Rodriguesa, Stephanie Costaa, Marco A. Garciaa, Adriana Ribeiro-Macedob, Luis Aureliano-Imbiribaa a UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil b IFRJ - Campus Realengo, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Physical exercises on unstable surfaces have been used in sports training, physical rehabilitation, and musculoskeletal injuries prevention. However, little is known about the acute cardiorespiratory activity and possible emotional alterations during different motor tasks involving postural instability. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate emotional and acute cardiorespiratory responses while standing on different surfaces. Eighty-eight healthy subjects (mean age: 22.7 + 3.8 years; body weight: 71.14 + 12.27 kg; height: 1.69 + 0.09 m) participated in this study. Volunteers should stand upright on a comfortable base of support and parallel feet, during three conditions: rigid surface (control), balance pad (AIREX®), and both sides up (BOSU) - bladder side down. The physiological signals collected by BIOPAC system, with a sampling frequency of 1000 Hz, were: respiratory movements using a respiration transducer to measure thoracic expansion, and the heart rate variability electrocardiography using the precordial derivation V5. After each experimental condition, the volunteers answered a subjective assessment of perceived degree of stability (0-unstable to 100-stable), and the Self-Assessment Manikin, to verify emotional aspects (pleasure, arousal, and dominance) from each standing condition. Differences between situations were tested using repeated-measures ANOVA, with significance level set at 0.05.
166
IOP 2016
Comparing all the situations, according to subjective reports, the BOSU condition presented greater instability, the most unpleasant and exciting, and the subjects felt with worst control while on it. The results showed an increase in the mean respiratory frequency and heart rate (p b 0.01). No differences were obtained for the heart rate variability parameters. Thus, it seems that the report of instability mainly on the exercises with BOSU can be seen as a threat to postural control due to different emotional responses and with repercussions on cardiorespiratory system. Finally, considering practical implications, it seems that these aspects should be considered in the progression of physical exercises for healthy subjects and patients. doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2016.07.474
343 The interrelation between time-frequency heart rate variability and pulse transit time during psychophysiological stress Miguel E. Sánchez-Hechavarríaa, Ramón Carrazana-Escalonaa, Beatriz Ricardo-Ferrob, Michael Drinnanc, Antonio Ciampid a Medical Science University of Santiago de Cuba, Santiago de Cuba, Cuba b Medical Biophysics Center, Santiago de Cuba, Cuba c Regional Medical Physics Department Freeman Hospital, Newcastle, United Kingdom d McGill University, Montréal (Québec), Canada Background: Pulse transit time (PTT) is a simple, non-invasive measurement and an appropriate parameter for stress measurement, but few quantitative data are available describing the factors which influence PTT. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate beat-to-beat relation between time-frequency heart rate variability, the cardiac interval (RR), PTT-onset and PTT-peak, using psychophysiological stress to generate changes in these variables. Methods: In a crossover design, 10 subjects (19 ± 1,5 y.o.) we evaluated the relationship of the beat-to-beat autonomic nervous system activity by testing the wavelet time-frequency heart rate variability(LH, HF, LH_HF), the interval RR, PTT-onset and PTT-peak, obtained by ECG and pulse tonometric signal in polygraph device (AD Instruments Powerlab 8®) for 5 min of rest and during 5 min of responses to mental stress (arithmetic test). The cross-correlation function was used to quantify their relation. Results: Examining changes over time good correlation were found (r = +0.76) between PTT-onset and PTT-peak in relation the other variables, with a nonsignificant increase in the difference and the correlation between mental stress and rest. The signal correlation lagged in the rest was greater than mental stress in all variables. Conclusion: These results suggest that pulse transit time of pulse is adequate to show cardiovascular sympathetic changes during psychophysiological stress. doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2016.07.475
345 An fMRI study: The effect of stroop interference in young adults with poor orthographic knowledge Alicia Martínez-Ramosa, Fabiola R. Gómez-Velázqueza, Andrés A. González-Garridoa, Maribel Peró-Cebollerob
a
Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico b Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Introduction: In transparent orthographies, such as in Spanish language, it has been reported that there is a high grapheme-phoneme correspondence that facilitates decoding while learning to read. Even children with reading difficulties develop strategies to compensate, however, deficiencies in speed and orthographic errors persist in adulthood. It has been postulated that the automatization of the reading process is closely related to the ability to globally store in memory the form of the word allowing efficient recognition and word retrieval. Therefore, a relationship between reading automatization and executive function, specifically inhibitory control, has been suggested. Objective: To analyze behavioral and BOLD signal differences in two stroop interference tasks, one that involves reading and another one with numeric stimuli. Method: We evaluated a total of 30 right-handed young adults, ages 17 to 35, categorized in two groups: high and low orthographic knowledge participants. Results: There were no significant behavioral between-group differences in terms of correct responses, however we observed that in both tasks, the group with low orthographic knowledge had greater reaction times. In the functional neuroimaging results the low orthographic group had greater activation in subcortical structures and cerebellum, which could be interpreted as a generalized compensation mechanism since it is observed in both the orthographic and numeric interference experiments. These findings could imply that in this group, in addition to frontal executive function abilities, there are underlying more widespread attentional neural networks that include subcortical areas that are recruited to meet stroop interference task demands. doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2016.07.476
349 Deep Brain Stimulation parameter estimation from Volumen Tissue Activated data following a kernel-based approach Oscar Henao Gallo, Ivan de la Pava Panche, Viviana Gomez Orozco, Mauricio Alvarez, Alvaro Orozco Automatic Group, Technological University of Pereira, Pereira, Colombia Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a treatment for movement disorders, such as Parkinson's disease. The surgical implantation of a stimulator in the infraclavicular region connected to an electrode lead that is placed in a target structure in the basal ganglia, particularly in the subthalamic nucleus (STN), or the thalamus. The stimulator delivers electric pulses of a specific frequency, amplitude and pulse-width to the target via the electrode, which results in symptom improvement. The volume of tissue activated (VTA), the spatial spread of direct neural activation in response to the DBS electric pulses, is usual concept to partly explain the effects of DBS. The VTA, and its visualization, jointly with reconstructions of the brain structures surrounding the implanted electrode, has been proposed as an alternative to accelerate the process of programming device, also minimizing the adverse side effects in the patient. As a measure of extension electrical stimulation, the VTA, as part of a visualization system, allows the medical specialist to observe the brain structures that are responding directly to the electrical stimulation. The clinician determines the possible collateral effects a given stimulation configuration can have on the patient. Thus, the idea of developing a novel methodology for estimating suitable DBS neuromodulation parameters arises. The aim is to allow the specialist to define an objective VTA, that attempts to maximize the therapeutic effects and to minimize the adverse effects for a patient in
336 Simultaneous interpreting and stress: pilot experiment Tatiana V. Chernigovskayaa, Serguey B. Parinb,c, Irina S. Parinad, Alena A. Koninaa, Dina K. Urikha, Yulia O. Yachmoninac, Maria A. Chernovac, Sofia A. Polevayab,c a Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia b Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia c Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia d Dobrolyubov State Linguistic University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia Stress during simultaneous interpreting is widely discussed but rarely measured. In our pilot study we set up an experimental model with 4 consecutive tasks: interpreting from and into a foreign language (English, n=4; German, n=6; native tongue - Russian), and shadowing both in a foreign language and in a mother tongue. 10 students trained to become simultaneous interpreters (9 females, 1 male; aged 23-28) participated in the experiment. The interpreters worked in pairs for an hour replacing each other after each task. The psychophysiological tests carried out before and after the perfomance included an original emotional disadaptation test, campimetry, senso-motor activity test, laterometry and Stroop test. The measurements were performed via Zephyr HxM Smart Heart Rate Monitor in the framework of eventrelated telemetry registering heart rate variability and stress episodes. According to the analysis of the HRV dynamics, the most stressful activity is revealed in simultaneous interpreting from a foreign language (the mean for the group is 1.8 episodes of stress, pb0.05 as compared to other tasks). The senso-motor activity test revealed significant decrease in the level of cognitive control after the performance. Stroop test results showed dominance of direct interference prior to the performance versus that of reverse interference after. Laterometry showed significant increase in the left hemisphere activity after the performance. We also revealed significant increase in the level of emotional disadaptation after the performance (mean of 0.66 vs 1.22, pb;0.05). Our results suggest that simultaneous interpreting changes significantly functional states of interpreters and promotes the development of stress that can be monitored and registed objectively. This work was partially supported by the Russian Foundation for Humanities, grant number 15-06-10894_a and RFBR, grant number 16-06-00501_a. doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2016.07.472
337 Idtnteractions within fronto-temporal brain network associated with regular vs. irregular verb production Maxim V. Kireeva,c, Natalia Slioussarb,c, Alexander Koronkova, Tatiana V. Chernigovskayac, Svyatoslav V. Medvedeva a N.P. Bechtereva Institute of the Human Brain of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg, Russia b School of Linguistics, Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia c St. Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia Functional connectivity between brains areas involved in the processing of complex language forms remains largely unexplored. In our previous study (Kireev et al., 2015) we reported an fMRI experiment in which participants generated forms from two types of Russian verbs, which can be considered regular and irregular. It was demonstrated that regular verb (RV) production is associated with increased connectivity between left inferior frontal gyrus (lIFG) and both left and right superior temporal gyri (STG), compared to irregular
165
verb production (IV). This can be taken as a piece of evidence in favor of the dual-route models of inflectional morphology, distinguishing between rule-based processes characteristic only for regular forms and memory-based processes involved in any kind of language processing. But the regularity effect is argued to be left-latelarized in these models, while it was associated with bilateral fronto-temporal network (FTN) in our study. To reveal directions of functional influences within the identified FTN, fMRI data from 18 subjects were submitted to the dynamic causal modeling (DCM) analysis implemented in the Statistical Parametric Mapping 12 (SPM12) package. Four models were created to test (1) whether temporal cortex influences IFG activity or vice versa; (2) whether there is any difference between RV and IV in terms of lateralization. According to the Bayesian models selection, the optimal model assumes that regular verb production modulates the influence of the left STG on the left IFG and irregular verb production is associated with modulation of both left and right STG influence on the left IFG. While the debate between dual-route and single-route approaches (assuming or not assuming a categorical distinction between rule-based vs. memory-based processes and thus between regular vs. irregular forms) has been central for the neuroimaging studies of inflectional morphology, only the results of subtractive analysis of fMRI data and, in two studies, of PPI analysis have been used in it before. DCM analysis allows for a deeper understanding of dynamic systems underlying regular and irregular verb production. The results of the current study support the dual-route approach and indicate that rule-based processes involved in regular verb production differentially involve left-lateralized FTN. It can be argued that the regularity effect identified by (Kireev et al., 2015) can be explained by the interaction of rule-based processes, associated with the left IFG, and memory-based processing, which is bilateral. Study was supported by the Russian Science Foundation grant # № 16-18-00041. doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2016.07.473
339 Motion and emotion while standing on stable and unstable surfaces Sara Fariasa, Mariana Rodriguesa, Stephanie Costaa, Marco A. Garciaa, Adriana Ribeiro-Macedob, Luis Aureliano-Imbiribaa a UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil b IFRJ - Campus Realengo, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Physical exercises on unstable surfaces have been used in sports training, physical rehabilitation, and musculoskeletal injuries prevention. However, little is known about the acute cardiorespiratory activity and possible emotional alterations during different motor tasks involving postural instability. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate emotional and acute cardiorespiratory responses while standing on different surfaces. Eighty-eight healthy subjects (mean age: 22.7 + 3.8 years; body weight: 71.14 + 12.27 kg; height: 1.69 + 0.09 m) participated in this study. Volunteers should stand upright on a comfortable base of support and parallel feet, during three conditions: rigid surface (control), balance pad (AIREX®), and both sides up (BOSU) - bladder side down. The physiological signals collected by BIOPAC system, with a sampling frequency of 1000 Hz, were: respiratory movements using a respiration transducer to measure thoracic expansion, and the heart rate variability electrocardiography using the precordial derivation V5. After each experimental condition, the volunteers answered a subjective assessment of perceived degree of stability (0-unstable to 100-stable), and the Self-Assessment Manikin, to verify emotional aspects (pleasure, arousal, and dominance) from each standing condition. Differences between situations were tested using repeated-measures ANOVA, with significance level set at 0.05.
166
IOP 2016
Comparing all the situations, according to subjective reports, the BOSU condition presented greater instability, the most unpleasant and exciting, and the subjects felt with worst control while on it. The results showed an increase in the mean respiratory frequency and heart rate (p b 0.01). No differences were obtained for the heart rate variability parameters. Thus, it seems that the report of instability mainly on the exercises with BOSU can be seen as a threat to postural control due to different emotional responses and with repercussions on cardiorespiratory system. Finally, considering practical implications, it seems that these aspects should be considered in the progression of physical exercises for healthy subjects and patients. doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2016.07.474
343 The interrelation between time-frequency heart rate variability and pulse transit time during psychophysiological stress Miguel E. Sánchez-Hechavarríaa, Ramón Carrazana-Escalonaa, Beatriz Ricardo-Ferrob, Michael Drinnanc, Antonio Ciampid a Medical Science University of Santiago de Cuba, Santiago de Cuba, Cuba b Medical Biophysics Center, Santiago de Cuba, Cuba c Regional Medical Physics Department Freeman Hospital, Newcastle, United Kingdom d McGill University, Montréal (Québec), Canada Background: Pulse transit time (PTT) is a simple, non-invasive measurement and an appropriate parameter for stress measurement, but few quantitative data are available describing the factors which influence PTT. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate beat-to-beat relation between time-frequency heart rate variability, the cardiac interval (RR), PTT-onset and PTT-peak, using psychophysiological stress to generate changes in these variables. Methods: In a crossover design, 10 subjects (19 ± 1,5 y.o.) we evaluated the relationship of the beat-to-beat autonomic nervous system activity by testing the wavelet time-frequency heart rate variability(LH, HF, LH_HF), the interval RR, PTT-onset and PTT-peak, obtained by ECG and pulse tonometric signal in polygraph device (AD Instruments Powerlab 8®) for 5 min of rest and during 5 min of responses to mental stress (arithmetic test). The cross-correlation function was used to quantify their relation. Results: Examining changes over time good correlation were found (r = +0.76) between PTT-onset and PTT-peak in relation the other variables, with a nonsignificant increase in the difference and the correlation between mental stress and rest. The signal correlation lagged in the rest was greater than mental stress in all variables. Conclusion: These results suggest that pulse transit time of pulse is adequate to show cardiovascular sympathetic changes during psychophysiological stress. doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2016.07.475
345 An fMRI study: The effect of stroop interference in young adults with poor orthographic knowledge Alicia Martínez-Ramosa, Fabiola R. Gómez-Velázqueza, Andrés A. González-Garridoa, Maribel Peró-Cebollerob
a
Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico b Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Introduction: In transparent orthographies, such as in Spanish language, it has been reported that there is a high grapheme-phoneme correspondence that facilitates decoding while learning to read. Even children with reading difficulties develop strategies to compensate, however, deficiencies in speed and orthographic errors persist in adulthood. It has been postulated that the automatization of the reading process is closely related to the ability to globally store in memory the form of the word allowing efficient recognition and word retrieval. Therefore, a relationship between reading automatization and executive function, specifically inhibitory control, has been suggested. Objective: To analyze behavioral and BOLD signal differences in two stroop interference tasks, one that involves reading and another one with numeric stimuli. Method: We evaluated a total of 30 right-handed young adults, ages 17 to 35, categorized in two groups: high and low orthographic knowledge participants. Results: There were no significant behavioral between-group differences in terms of correct responses, however we observed that in both tasks, the group with low orthographic knowledge had greater reaction times. In the functional neuroimaging results the low orthographic group had greater activation in subcortical structures and cerebellum, which could be interpreted as a generalized compensation mechanism since it is observed in both the orthographic and numeric interference experiments. These findings could imply that in this group, in addition to frontal executive function abilities, there are underlying more widespread attentional neural networks that include subcortical areas that are recruited to meet stroop interference task demands. doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2016.07.476
349 Deep Brain Stimulation parameter estimation from Volumen Tissue Activated data following a kernel-based approach Oscar Henao Gallo, Ivan de la Pava Panche, Viviana Gomez Orozco, Mauricio Alvarez, Alvaro Orozco Automatic Group, Technological University of Pereira, Pereira, Colombia Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a treatment for movement disorders, such as Parkinson's disease. The surgical implantation of a stimulator in the infraclavicular region connected to an electrode lead that is placed in a target structure in the basal ganglia, particularly in the subthalamic nucleus (STN), or the thalamus. The stimulator delivers electric pulses of a specific frequency, amplitude and pulse-width to the target via the electrode, which results in symptom improvement. The volume of tissue activated (VTA), the spatial spread of direct neural activation in response to the DBS electric pulses, is usual concept to partly explain the effects of DBS. The VTA, and its visualization, jointly with reconstructions of the brain structures surrounding the implanted electrode, has been proposed as an alternative to accelerate the process of programming device, also minimizing the adverse side effects in the patient. As a measure of extension electrical stimulation, the VTA, as part of a visualization system, allows the medical specialist to observe the brain structures that are responding directly to the electrical stimulation. The clinician determines the possible collateral effects a given stimulation configuration can have on the patient. Thus, the idea of developing a novel methodology for estimating suitable DBS neuromodulation parameters arises. The aim is to allow the specialist to define an objective VTA, that attempts to maximize the therapeutic effects and to minimize the adverse effects for a patient in