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MS240 INTERRELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PULSE WAVE VELOCITY AND RISK FACTORS OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS IN YOUNG HEALTHY PERSONS
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Atherosclerosis Supplements 11, no. 2 (2010) 109–222
Adipose tissue is now accepted as an endocrine organ that produces and secrets a variety of cytokines, hormones and other metabolites. Among this versatile group of mediators and effectors of inflammation, we have chosen to study the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), interleukin-18 (IL-18) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). All these adipokines have in their circulatory form been associated with cardiovascular disease. However, there is not much data available on their expression in adipose tissue in human subjects with and without cardiovascular disease. Methods: We successfully isolated RNA from subcutaneous fat biopsies of 61 patients with or without cardiovascular disease. We then measured the RNA expression of MMP-9, TIMP-1, PAI-1, IL-18 and IL-6 with Real-Time PCR, using relative quantification. Results: All inflammatory mediators, except IL-18 were higher expressed in patients with cardiovascular disease compared to those without. Pooling the gene expression data, trying to capture the overall inflammatory activity in the adipose tissue, we observed a highly significant association with CVD. Conclusion: Trying to capture the activity in addition to the mass of adipose tissue could provide useful hints towards presence of cardiovascular disease. MS240 INTERRELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PULSE WAVE VELOCITY AND RISK FACTORS OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS IN YOUNG HEALTHY PERSONS T. Pronko. Grodno State Medical University, Grodno, Belarus Pulse-wave velocity is a useful non-invasive index to assess arteriosclerosis. The most frequent risk factors of atherosclerosis are smoking and overweight. The aim of the study was to define the correlations between pulse wave velocity (PWV) and risk factors of atherosclerosis in young healthy persons. Methods: The study population included 62 healthy volunteers (37 men 25 women), average age 26.0±2.4 years. Patients were divided into 4 groups: group A includes 16 healthy persons without risk factors of atherosclerosis, group B includes 18 active smokers, group C − 13 overweight persons, group D − 15 active smokers with overweight. Carotid femoral PWV was measured noninvasively. Results: The body mass index (BMI) was 23.19±1.3, PWV was 5.41±0.73 m/s in group A. Smokers have BMI 22.3±1.7. PWV was on 58% higher (8.58±0.88 m/s, (p < 0.05)) to compare with group A. The BMI in group C was 29.18±3.2, PWV was 8.05±0.94 m/s, what is on 48% higher (p < 0.05) to compare with group A. The BMI in group D was 28.93±3.8, PWV was 8.66±0.67 m/s, what is on 60% higher (p < 0.05) to compare with group A. PWV positively correlated with smoking (r = 0.36; p < 0.05) and with BMI (r = 0.41; p < 0.05). Conclusions: Smoking and overweight increase PWV in healthy young persons. Non-invasive measurement of carotid femoral PWV can be used in clinical practice in assessment of pre-clinical atherosclerosis and detect groups of high cardiovascular risk. MS241 FASTING BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVELS CORRELATE WITH SEVERITY OF CAROTID STENOSIS IN NON-DIABETIC HYPERLIPIDEMIC PATIENTS E. Skopelitis, D. Levisianou, S. Kougialis, N. Iliopoulos, T. Gogalis, A. Kroustalis, G. Groumas, E. Katsadorou, P. Terlis, A. Destounis, C. Drakoulis, C. Mpilinis. Agios Panteleimon General Hospital, Nikea, Greece Background and Aims: The correlation between fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels and cardiovascular mortality in non-diabetic individuals is well established. Also, carotid stenosis (CS) is a risk marker for cardiovascular disease in the general population. The relation between FBG and CS in noddiabetics is not fully elucidated. Materials and Methods: A pilot cross-sectional survey of 43 consecutive patients coming for follow-up visit in a single lipid outpatient clinic (74.4% males, mean age 69.0±8.41 years) with carotid stenosis and no history of diabetes was launched. Anthropometrics, risk factors, complete lipid profile, and CRP were obtained at enrollment. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed in every patient. Carotid stenosis was evaluated by ultrasonography. Results: The 55.8% had a history of active smoking, 60.5% hypertension and 53.5% cardiovascular disease. Total cholesterol was 223.51±43.92 mg/dl, triglycerides 123.2±54.24 mg/dl, HDL 56.25±11.9 mg/dl, LDL 142.93±37.24 mg/dl, CRP 2.89±3.77, BMI 26.67±2.71 kg/m2 and carotid stenosis 27.9±24.1%. Fasting blood glucose was significantly correlated with carotid stenosis (r = 0.359, p = 0.018). Of the examined risk factors in multivariable analysis, only fasting blood glucose (b = 0.698, p = 0.018) and smoking (b=6.48, p = 0.046) were independently correlated with carotid stenosis. Conclusion: Fasting blood glucose levels were associated with degree of carotid stenosis in non-diabetic, hyperlipidemic patients. In such patients routine evaluation of carotid stenosis for the stratification of the cardiovascular risk may be considered. Also, a strict management of other risk factors is necessary in order to prevent cardiovascular morbidity.
Memory Stick Presentations
MS242 THE STUDY OF HEREDITARY FACTORS, PREDISPOSING TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF ANTIATHEROGENIC PHENOTYPE IN IV PATIENTS, ON EXAMPLE OF APOE-GENE POLYMORPHISM A. Allahverdyan1 , J. Maksimova2 , E. Schakhtschneider1 , S. Malyutina1 , V. Maksimov1 . 1 Institute of Internal Medicine SB RAMS, 2 Novosibirsk State Medical University, Novosibirsk, Russia Cardiovascular disease is the leading killer for humanity. Ichthyosis Vulgaris (IV) − is an autosomal dominant disorder, in which observed skin and lipid metabolism changes. IV patients have lower level of total cholesterol in plasma, lower IBM, than in the population. Obesity, arterial hypertension, ischemic heart disease, diabetes mellitus are extremely rarer too. This gave us a reason to think that the patients with IV can have antiatherogenic phenotype. Objective: The goal of this work was to study the allele frequencies of Apolipoprotein E Gene Polymorphisms in the Protein Coding Region in IV patients in comparison to the control group. Material and Methods: Two independent groups were tested. First group consist of the patients with IV (74 men). As a control group, the samples of 25−64 year-old residents of Novosibirsk (881 men) were examined in the framework of the WHO program MONICA. DNA extraction and genotyping were performed by standard protocols. Results: We found increased frequency of e2 allele (15% in patients against 7% in a population), due to genotypes e2/e2 (4 person − 5.4%) and e2/e3 (10 person − 13.5%). The distribution of genotype frequencies are not in Hardy– Weinberg equilibrium. Among 881 samples from the control group we found no genotype e2/e2. Conclusions: The genotype distribution did not meet Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium, by increasing the e2 allele. Probably, this is due to the conservation of rare genotypes among IV patients. To clarify the cause of this phenomenon, we continue research. This work was supported by President RF grant 1 MK-2666.2009.7. MS243 FOOD, QUALITY OF LIFE AND ABDOMINAL OBESITY O. Bragina, L. Shcherbakova, G. Simonova. Institute of Internal Medicine SB RAMN, Novosibirsk, Russia Introduction: There is prevalence of persons with overweight and obesity in Russia for last decades. Especially dangerous abdominal obesity that promotes of development of cardiovascular diseases, a diabetes, cancer. The purpose: To study consumption of food and indicators of quality of a life at inhabitants of Novosibirsk, 45−69 years with and without abdominal obesity (Project HAPIEE- Determinants of cardiovascular diseases in the Eastern Europe). Materials: The food was estimated using food frequency questionnaire (142 names), the quality of a life was estimated by questionnaire SF-36. Waist circumferences were 102 cm for men and 88 cm for women (NCEP ATP III, 2004). Statistical data were analyzed by using SPSS 11.0. Result: It has been established that women with abdominal obesity consumed less carbohydrates, starch, sugar, food fiber than women without abdominal obesity. In group of women with abdominal obesity were three folders more women with diabetes who be special dieting. Men with abdominal obesity consumed more daily food energy, total fat than men without abdominal obesity. Women with abdominal obesity had lower indicators of physical functioning and viability and role emotional functioning. Men with abdominal obesity had low indicators of a physical component of health and social functioning. Conclusion: Abdominal obesity connection with a food and indicators of quality of life. The hyper calorie food often promotes development abdominal obesity. The abdominal obesity promotes decrease physical functioning and then reduces some indicators of mental functioning. MS244 THE PREVALENCE OF MASKED HYPERTENSION IN TREATED TYPE 2 DIABETIC PATIENTS AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH CARDIOVASCULAR TARGET ORGAN DAMAGE J. Charvat, J. Chlumsk´y, M. Szabo, ´ V. Zamrazil. Medical, Faculty Hospital, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic Objectives: To evaluate the prevalence of masked hypertension (MH) in treated type 2 diabetic patients and its association with cardiovascular target organ damage. Methods: Using 24-hours BP monitoring, tissue Doppler echocardiography and carotid sonography we evaluated 64 type 2 diabetic patients without history of cardiovacular events however treated for hypertension. The patients with controlled BP according to office measurement (130/85 mmHg) were examined. MH was diagnosed if daily 24-hour BP 135/85 mmHg. The association of MH with micro/macroalbuminuria, left ventricle function carotid artery parameters and postischemic dilatation of brachial artery was evaluated. Results: MH was diagnosed in 24 patients (37.5%). Body mass index (BMI) was significantly higher in patients with MH (33.3±2.7 kg/m2 ) than without MH (30.1±2.6 kg/m2 , p = 0.005). Number of patients with micro/macroalbuminuria
Atherosclerosis Supplements 11, no. 2 (2010) 109–222
Adipose tissue is now accepted as an endocrine organ that produces and secrets a variety of cytokines, hormones and other metabolites. Among this versatile group of mediators and effectors of inflammation, we have chosen to study the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), interleukin-18 (IL-18) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). All these adipokines have in their circulatory form been associated with cardiovascular disease. However, there is not much data available on their expression in adipose tissue in human subjects with and without cardiovascular disease. Methods: We successfully isolated RNA from subcutaneous fat biopsies of 61 patients with or without cardiovascular disease. We then measured the RNA expression of MMP-9, TIMP-1, PAI-1, IL-18 and IL-6 with Real-Time PCR, using relative quantification. Results: All inflammatory mediators, except IL-18 were higher expressed in patients with cardiovascular disease compared to those without. Pooling the gene expression data, trying to capture the overall inflammatory activity in the adipose tissue, we observed a highly significant association with CVD. Conclusion: Trying to capture the activity in addition to the mass of adipose tissue could provide useful hints towards presence of cardiovascular disease. MS240 INTERRELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PULSE WAVE VELOCITY AND RISK FACTORS OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS IN YOUNG HEALTHY PERSONS T. Pronko. Grodno State Medical University, Grodno, Belarus Pulse-wave velocity is a useful non-invasive index to assess arteriosclerosis. The most frequent risk factors of atherosclerosis are smoking and overweight. The aim of the study was to define the correlations between pulse wave velocity (PWV) and risk factors of atherosclerosis in young healthy persons. Methods: The study population included 62 healthy volunteers (37 men 25 women), average age 26.0±2.4 years. Patients were divided into 4 groups: group A includes 16 healthy persons without risk factors of atherosclerosis, group B includes 18 active smokers, group C − 13 overweight persons, group D − 15 active smokers with overweight. Carotid femoral PWV was measured noninvasively. Results: The body mass index (BMI) was 23.19±1.3, PWV was 5.41±0.73 m/s in group A. Smokers have BMI 22.3±1.7. PWV was on 58% higher (8.58±0.88 m/s, (p < 0.05)) to compare with group A. The BMI in group C was 29.18±3.2, PWV was 8.05±0.94 m/s, what is on 48% higher (p < 0.05) to compare with group A. The BMI in group D was 28.93±3.8, PWV was 8.66±0.67 m/s, what is on 60% higher (p < 0.05) to compare with group A. PWV positively correlated with smoking (r = 0.36; p < 0.05) and with BMI (r = 0.41; p < 0.05). Conclusions: Smoking and overweight increase PWV in healthy young persons. Non-invasive measurement of carotid femoral PWV can be used in clinical practice in assessment of pre-clinical atherosclerosis and detect groups of high cardiovascular risk. MS241 FASTING BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVELS CORRELATE WITH SEVERITY OF CAROTID STENOSIS IN NON-DIABETIC HYPERLIPIDEMIC PATIENTS E. Skopelitis, D. Levisianou, S. Kougialis, N. Iliopoulos, T. Gogalis, A. Kroustalis, G. Groumas, E. Katsadorou, P. Terlis, A. Destounis, C. Drakoulis, C. Mpilinis. Agios Panteleimon General Hospital, Nikea, Greece Background and Aims: The correlation between fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels and cardiovascular mortality in non-diabetic individuals is well established. Also, carotid stenosis (CS) is a risk marker for cardiovascular disease in the general population. The relation between FBG and CS in noddiabetics is not fully elucidated. Materials and Methods: A pilot cross-sectional survey of 43 consecutive patients coming for follow-up visit in a single lipid outpatient clinic (74.4% males, mean age 69.0±8.41 years) with carotid stenosis and no history of diabetes was launched. Anthropometrics, risk factors, complete lipid profile, and CRP were obtained at enrollment. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed in every patient. Carotid stenosis was evaluated by ultrasonography. Results: The 55.8% had a history of active smoking, 60.5% hypertension and 53.5% cardiovascular disease. Total cholesterol was 223.51±43.92 mg/dl, triglycerides 123.2±54.24 mg/dl, HDL 56.25±11.9 mg/dl, LDL 142.93±37.24 mg/dl, CRP 2.89±3.77, BMI 26.67±2.71 kg/m2 and carotid stenosis 27.9±24.1%. Fasting blood glucose was significantly correlated with carotid stenosis (r = 0.359, p = 0.018). Of the examined risk factors in multivariable analysis, only fasting blood glucose (b = 0.698, p = 0.018) and smoking (b=6.48, p = 0.046) were independently correlated with carotid stenosis. Conclusion: Fasting blood glucose levels were associated with degree of carotid stenosis in non-diabetic, hyperlipidemic patients. In such patients routine evaluation of carotid stenosis for the stratification of the cardiovascular risk may be considered. Also, a strict management of other risk factors is necessary in order to prevent cardiovascular morbidity.
Memory Stick Presentations
MS242 THE STUDY OF HEREDITARY FACTORS, PREDISPOSING TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF ANTIATHEROGENIC PHENOTYPE IN IV PATIENTS, ON EXAMPLE OF APOE-GENE POLYMORPHISM A. Allahverdyan1 , J. Maksimova2 , E. Schakhtschneider1 , S. Malyutina1 , V. Maksimov1 . 1 Institute of Internal Medicine SB RAMS, 2 Novosibirsk State Medical University, Novosibirsk, Russia Cardiovascular disease is the leading killer for humanity. Ichthyosis Vulgaris (IV) − is an autosomal dominant disorder, in which observed skin and lipid metabolism changes. IV patients have lower level of total cholesterol in plasma, lower IBM, than in the population. Obesity, arterial hypertension, ischemic heart disease, diabetes mellitus are extremely rarer too. This gave us a reason to think that the patients with IV can have antiatherogenic phenotype. Objective: The goal of this work was to study the allele frequencies of Apolipoprotein E Gene Polymorphisms in the Protein Coding Region in IV patients in comparison to the control group. Material and Methods: Two independent groups were tested. First group consist of the patients with IV (74 men). As a control group, the samples of 25−64 year-old residents of Novosibirsk (881 men) were examined in the framework of the WHO program MONICA. DNA extraction and genotyping were performed by standard protocols. Results: We found increased frequency of e2 allele (15% in patients against 7% in a population), due to genotypes e2/e2 (4 person − 5.4%) and e2/e3 (10 person − 13.5%). The distribution of genotype frequencies are not in Hardy– Weinberg equilibrium. Among 881 samples from the control group we found no genotype e2/e2. Conclusions: The genotype distribution did not meet Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium, by increasing the e2 allele. Probably, this is due to the conservation of rare genotypes among IV patients. To clarify the cause of this phenomenon, we continue research. This work was supported by President RF grant 1 MK-2666.2009.7. MS243 FOOD, QUALITY OF LIFE AND ABDOMINAL OBESITY O. Bragina, L. Shcherbakova, G. Simonova. Institute of Internal Medicine SB RAMN, Novosibirsk, Russia Introduction: There is prevalence of persons with overweight and obesity in Russia for last decades. Especially dangerous abdominal obesity that promotes of development of cardiovascular diseases, a diabetes, cancer. The purpose: To study consumption of food and indicators of quality of a life at inhabitants of Novosibirsk, 45−69 years with and without abdominal obesity (Project HAPIEE- Determinants of cardiovascular diseases in the Eastern Europe). Materials: The food was estimated using food frequency questionnaire (142 names), the quality of a life was estimated by questionnaire SF-36. Waist circumferences were 102 cm for men and 88 cm for women (NCEP ATP III, 2004). Statistical data were analyzed by using SPSS 11.0. Result: It has been established that women with abdominal obesity consumed less carbohydrates, starch, sugar, food fiber than women without abdominal obesity. In group of women with abdominal obesity were three folders more women with diabetes who be special dieting. Men with abdominal obesity consumed more daily food energy, total fat than men without abdominal obesity. Women with abdominal obesity had lower indicators of physical functioning and viability and role emotional functioning. Men with abdominal obesity had low indicators of a physical component of health and social functioning. Conclusion: Abdominal obesity connection with a food and indicators of quality of life. The hyper calorie food often promotes development abdominal obesity. The abdominal obesity promotes decrease physical functioning and then reduces some indicators of mental functioning. MS244 THE PREVALENCE OF MASKED HYPERTENSION IN TREATED TYPE 2 DIABETIC PATIENTS AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH CARDIOVASCULAR TARGET ORGAN DAMAGE J. Charvat, J. Chlumsk´y, M. Szabo, ´ V. Zamrazil. Medical, Faculty Hospital, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic Objectives: To evaluate the prevalence of masked hypertension (MH) in treated type 2 diabetic patients and its association with cardiovascular target organ damage. Methods: Using 24-hours BP monitoring, tissue Doppler echocardiography and carotid sonography we evaluated 64 type 2 diabetic patients without history of cardiovacular events however treated for hypertension. The patients with controlled BP according to office measurement (130/85 mmHg) were examined. MH was diagnosed if daily 24-hour BP 135/85 mmHg. The association of MH with micro/macroalbuminuria, left ventricle function carotid artery parameters and postischemic dilatation of brachial artery was evaluated. Results: MH was diagnosed in 24 patients (37.5%). Body mass index (BMI) was significantly higher in patients with MH (33.3±2.7 kg/m2 ) than without MH (30.1±2.6 kg/m2 , p = 0.005). Number of patients with micro/macroalbuminuria