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MTBS between zirconium ceramics and composite using various resin cements
d e n t a l m a t e r i a l s 3 2 S ( 2 0 1 6 ) e1–e103
Conclusions: Exposure reciprocity was not followed for the LCUs explored and distance had an effect on Irr and curing time that was distinct for each LCU. Also, surface and distance had a significant influence on Irr, RE and DC. A moderate correlation was demonstrated among Irr, RE and DC. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2016.08.052 52 Effect of thermal cycle stress on universal adhesive systems M. Ito ∗ , N. Okada ∗ , H. Shiga, H. Sakurai, K. Tetsuya, Y. Ryousuke, M. Noda Iwate Medical University, Japan Purpose/Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the tensile bond strength of the universal adhesive systems to repair ceramic restorations after thermal cycle stress. Materials and methods: Three types of the universal adhesive systems (SU, Scotchbond Universal Adhesive, 3M; GPB, G-Premio bond, GC; UP, Universal Primer, Tokuyama Dental) and a conventional adhesive system (RK, C&B Repair Kit, GC) for repairing of ceramic restoration were tested in this study. Surfaces of the ceramic blocks (GN Ceram Block, GC) were grinded with SiC paper, grit #600, and ultra-sonicated for 10 min. Each adhesive was applied on the surface according the manufacturer’s instructions. Then a cylindrical stainless mold (3.0 mm height, 4.0 mm diameter) was put on the surface and resin composite was filled (MI LOW FLOW, GC). The specimens were stored in distilled water at 37 ◦ C for 24 hrs. After the specimens were thermal-cycled, 5 ◦ C for 30 s and 60 ◦ C for 30 s, at 0, 1000 or 5000 cycles. Tensile bond strength, TBS, was measured by universal testing machine (cross head speed at 0.5 mm/min). The data were statistically analyzed by One-way ANOVA and Student–Newman–Keuls. (P < 0.05, n = 12). Results: Overall, TBS seemed to be decreased with thermal cycle stress. TBS after 5,000 thermal cycles showed 2.5 ± 4.5 MPa for SU, 10.6 ± 7.1 MPa for GPB, 12.2 ± 5.5 MPa for UP, and 16.4 ± 3.1 MPa for RK. SU revealed significantly lower TBS than the other adhesives tested. For the interface observations, the failure modes showed to be various. Conclusions: The results in this study suggested that the tensile bond strength of the one-bottle type universal adhesives systems had affected by thermal cycle stress. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2016.08.053 53 MTBS between zirconium ceramics and composite using various resin cements P. Srisomboonkamon, P.
Salimee ∗
Chulalongkorn University, Thailand Purpose/Aim: The high bonding strength of ceramic to substrate can lead to the high clinical success rate of restorations. Although zirconium ceramics mainly contain zirconium oxide powder, various products of them are produced with different fabricating process. In addition, there are many resin cements
e27
available in the market nowadays, Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the microtensile bond strength (MTBS) of zirconium ceramic from three manufacturers bonded to the resin composite using different resin cements. Materials and methods: Nine groups of microtensile specimens were prepared from the zirconia-composite block bonded with resin cement. Three fully-sintered zirconium ceramic blocks (5 × 5 × 10 mm) from Katana (Nuvodent, Japan), Lava (3M ESPE,Germany) and Cercon (Degudent GmbH, Germany) were fabricated. The surfaces were finished with silicon-carbide abrasive and sandblasted with 50 m alumina particles, followed by ultrasonic cleaning in distilled water. Three resin composite blocks (Filtek Z250, 3M ESPE, USA), were fabricated and finished with the same size. The ceramic and composite blocks were bonded using one of the three different resin cements: Panavia F 2.0 (Kuraray Dental, USA), Superbond C&B (Sun Medical, Japan) and RelyXTM Unicem (3 M ESPE, USA). After 24 hr, each block was cut under water coolant to produce microbar specimens, with bonding area 1 ± 0.1 mm2 . The MTBS was tested with universal testing machine (SHIMADZU EZ S, Japan) at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. The interface failures were examined for using a scanning electron microscope. Two-way ANOVA and multiple comparisons were conducted using Tukey’s tests at P-value = 0.05. Results: The MTBS of nine tested group range from 43.3 to 53.9 N/mm2 . Lava/Superbond produced the highest MTBS (53.87 N/mm2 ), while Cercon/Panavia (43.28 N/mm2 ) produced the lowest MTBS. The statistical analysis showed that types of zirconium-oxide ceramic (P = 0.043) and type of resin cement (P = 0.047) had an effect on MTBS, while the interaction between zirconium ceramic and types of resin cement (P = 0.056) was not significant. The fracture surfaces at magnification 100× and 2000×, revealed that Panavia F 2.0 and RelyX Unicem demonstrated predominantly cohesive failure in resin cement. Superbond C&B showed mixed of adhesive and cohesive failure. No adhesive failure was observed on the ceramic/cement or the composite/cement interface in all groups. Conclusions: The MTBS of zirconium ceramic bond to composite using resin cement depended on the brand of zirconia and also types of resin cement. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2016.08.054 54 Inverse gas chromatography in composites-tooth hard tissues adhesion experiments Z. Okulus 1 , A. Voelkel 1 , B. Czarnecka 2,∗ 1 2
Poznan University of Technology, Poland Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland
Purpose/Aim: The aim of this study was to determine, by means of inverse gas chromatography, surface energy values and the work of adhesion between an exemplary composite restorative material and dentin and enamel before and after preparation with use of commercially available 4-step bonding systems. The value of surface energy expresses the level of
Conclusions: Exposure reciprocity was not followed for the LCUs explored and distance had an effect on Irr and curing time that was distinct for each LCU. Also, surface and distance had a significant influence on Irr, RE and DC. A moderate correlation was demonstrated among Irr, RE and DC. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2016.08.052 52 Effect of thermal cycle stress on universal adhesive systems M. Ito ∗ , N. Okada ∗ , H. Shiga, H. Sakurai, K. Tetsuya, Y. Ryousuke, M. Noda Iwate Medical University, Japan Purpose/Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the tensile bond strength of the universal adhesive systems to repair ceramic restorations after thermal cycle stress. Materials and methods: Three types of the universal adhesive systems (SU, Scotchbond Universal Adhesive, 3M; GPB, G-Premio bond, GC; UP, Universal Primer, Tokuyama Dental) and a conventional adhesive system (RK, C&B Repair Kit, GC) for repairing of ceramic restoration were tested in this study. Surfaces of the ceramic blocks (GN Ceram Block, GC) were grinded with SiC paper, grit #600, and ultra-sonicated for 10 min. Each adhesive was applied on the surface according the manufacturer’s instructions. Then a cylindrical stainless mold (3.0 mm height, 4.0 mm diameter) was put on the surface and resin composite was filled (MI LOW FLOW, GC). The specimens were stored in distilled water at 37 ◦ C for 24 hrs. After the specimens were thermal-cycled, 5 ◦ C for 30 s and 60 ◦ C for 30 s, at 0, 1000 or 5000 cycles. Tensile bond strength, TBS, was measured by universal testing machine (cross head speed at 0.5 mm/min). The data were statistically analyzed by One-way ANOVA and Student–Newman–Keuls. (P < 0.05, n = 12). Results: Overall, TBS seemed to be decreased with thermal cycle stress. TBS after 5,000 thermal cycles showed 2.5 ± 4.5 MPa for SU, 10.6 ± 7.1 MPa for GPB, 12.2 ± 5.5 MPa for UP, and 16.4 ± 3.1 MPa for RK. SU revealed significantly lower TBS than the other adhesives tested. For the interface observations, the failure modes showed to be various. Conclusions: The results in this study suggested that the tensile bond strength of the one-bottle type universal adhesives systems had affected by thermal cycle stress. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2016.08.053 53 MTBS between zirconium ceramics and composite using various resin cements P. Srisomboonkamon, P.
Salimee ∗
Chulalongkorn University, Thailand Purpose/Aim: The high bonding strength of ceramic to substrate can lead to the high clinical success rate of restorations. Although zirconium ceramics mainly contain zirconium oxide powder, various products of them are produced with different fabricating process. In addition, there are many resin cements
e27
available in the market nowadays, Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the microtensile bond strength (MTBS) of zirconium ceramic from three manufacturers bonded to the resin composite using different resin cements. Materials and methods: Nine groups of microtensile specimens were prepared from the zirconia-composite block bonded with resin cement. Three fully-sintered zirconium ceramic blocks (5 × 5 × 10 mm) from Katana (Nuvodent, Japan), Lava (3M ESPE,Germany) and Cercon (Degudent GmbH, Germany) were fabricated. The surfaces were finished with silicon-carbide abrasive and sandblasted with 50 m alumina particles, followed by ultrasonic cleaning in distilled water. Three resin composite blocks (Filtek Z250, 3M ESPE, USA), were fabricated and finished with the same size. The ceramic and composite blocks were bonded using one of the three different resin cements: Panavia F 2.0 (Kuraray Dental, USA), Superbond C&B (Sun Medical, Japan) and RelyXTM Unicem (3 M ESPE, USA). After 24 hr, each block was cut under water coolant to produce microbar specimens, with bonding area 1 ± 0.1 mm2 . The MTBS was tested with universal testing machine (SHIMADZU EZ S, Japan) at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. The interface failures were examined for using a scanning electron microscope. Two-way ANOVA and multiple comparisons were conducted using Tukey’s tests at P-value = 0.05. Results: The MTBS of nine tested group range from 43.3 to 53.9 N/mm2 . Lava/Superbond produced the highest MTBS (53.87 N/mm2 ), while Cercon/Panavia (43.28 N/mm2 ) produced the lowest MTBS. The statistical analysis showed that types of zirconium-oxide ceramic (P = 0.043) and type of resin cement (P = 0.047) had an effect on MTBS, while the interaction between zirconium ceramic and types of resin cement (P = 0.056) was not significant. The fracture surfaces at magnification 100× and 2000×, revealed that Panavia F 2.0 and RelyX Unicem demonstrated predominantly cohesive failure in resin cement. Superbond C&B showed mixed of adhesive and cohesive failure. No adhesive failure was observed on the ceramic/cement or the composite/cement interface in all groups. Conclusions: The MTBS of zirconium ceramic bond to composite using resin cement depended on the brand of zirconia and also types of resin cement. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2016.08.054 54 Inverse gas chromatography in composites-tooth hard tissues adhesion experiments Z. Okulus 1 , A. Voelkel 1 , B. Czarnecka 2,∗ 1 2
Poznan University of Technology, Poland Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland
Purpose/Aim: The aim of this study was to determine, by means of inverse gas chromatography, surface energy values and the work of adhesion between an exemplary composite restorative material and dentin and enamel before and after preparation with use of commercially available 4-step bonding systems. The value of surface energy expresses the level of