- Email: [email protected]
Multiscale hydrodynamic investigation to enhance the biogas production in upflow anaerobic reactors
Poster presentations / Current Opinion in Biotechnology 24S (2013) S48–S143
seek for various organophosphate and synthetic pyrethroid pesticide residues on apples, cherries and in the blood of workers. In addition to pesticide residue analysis, TAC of the fruits and PON levels in workers’ blood has been determined. As a result of the study, dichlorvos residue (average 0.3 ppm) on some apple samples and diazinon residues (average 0.3 ppm) on some cherry samples have been discovered. When compared with the control group (239.5 ± 45.3) PON levels in the blood of farm workers (181.6 ± 38.7) have turned out to be significantly low (p < 0.001). Low PON enzyme values, in particular, clearly show that farm workers are adversely affected by pesticides. Pesticide residues detected on apples and cherries that are grown in the region provide us an opinion as to the reliability of crops. Therefore, those who apply pesticides should be careful and take necessary measures for the safety of both themselves and crops and consumer health. Antioxidant capacities detected in apples and cherries show the importance of these fruits for the region once more. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2013.05.179 Multiscale hydrodynamic investigation to enhance the biogas production in upflow anaerobic reactors Jiankai Jiang 1 , Jing Wu 2 , Souhila Poncin 1 , Huaizhi Li 1 1
Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés, Université de Lorraine, CNRS, 1, rue Grandville, BP 20451, 54001 Nancy Cedex, France 2 State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Department of Environ. Sci. & Eng., Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China E-mail address: [email protected] (J. Jiang). As clean and renewable energy, biogas has attracted intense attention, while biogas production in anaerobic reactors benefits both energy and environment. However, most of works reported in the literature focus on the effect of wastewater treatment and their influencing factors, a few results concern the biogas production. Fortunately, the hydrodynamics has been demonstrated as one of the most important factors affecting the biogas production. Thus, how to improve the multiphase hydrodynamics for a maximum biogas conversion becomes one of major objectives in the presence of three phases: wastewater, granular sludge and biogas bubbles. The present work aims at studying the hydrodynamic characteristics in upflow anaerobic reactors with internal circulation by means of an original multiscale approach. Especially, particle image velocimetry (PIV), micro-PIV and high-speed digital camera were employed to quantify the hydrodynamics at three different scales: the liquid flow and shear rate fields in the reaction zone and downcomer in a macroscale 3D-reactor and in a mesoscale 2D-reactor respectively, in addition to the relative motion between granular sludge and bubbles; the nucleation and growth of a biogas microbubble, liquid flow and shear rate fields around a single sludge in a microscale 1D-reactor. The multiscale approach reveals pertinent mechanisms proper to each scale. The advanced techniques such as PIV, micro-PIV combined with the high-speed camera allow to quantify various phenomena at different scales including the role of bubbles’ size on the shear rate and the optimal flow conditions for the intensification of biogas production. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2013.05.180
S67
Kinetic and equilibrium studies of cobalt adsorption on apricot stone activated carbon (ASAC) Samia Kaddour 1 , Moussa Abbas 2 , Mohamed Trari 3 1
Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthèse and Macromolecular Thioorganique, Faculty of Chemistry (USTHB), BP 32-16111 El-Alia, Algeria 2 Laboratory of Soft Technologies and Biodiversity (LTDVPMBB), Faculty of Sciences, University M’hamed Bougara of Boumerdes, 35000, Algeria 3 Laboratory of Storage and Valorization of Renewable Energies, Faculty of Chemistry (USTHB), BP 32-16111 El-Alia, Algeria E-mail address: [email protected] (S. Kaddour). The preparation of activated carbon from apricot stone with H3 PO4 and its ability to remove cobalt from aqueous solutions are reported. The FTIR spectroscopy is used to get insights on the interactions between the functional groups of the carbon and Co2+ . Adsorption studies are carried out by varying the initial Co2+ concentration (C0) and pH. The amount of Co2+ ions adsorbed increases with pH and Co. A comparison of the two kinetic models on the overall adsorption rate shows that the adsorption process is well described by the pseudo second-order kinetic. The Langmuir model fits well the data and the monolayer adsorption capacity of Co+2 ions is found to be 111.11 mg g−1 at pH 9 above which the precipitation takes place. Thermodynamics parameters are also evaluated. The values of enthalpy and entropy are 121.38 kJ/mol and 0.349 kJ/mol K, respectively, indicating that the adsorption is endothermic and not spontaneous. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2013.05.181 Determining optimum media compositions for bio-hydrogen production from waste glycerol by anaerobic mixed cultures Sureewan Sittijunda 1,2 , Alissara Reungsang 3,4 1
Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Chonburi 20131, Thailand 2 Fermentation Research Center for Value Added of Agricultural Products, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand 3 Research Group for Development of Microbial Hydrogen Production Process from Biomass, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand 4 Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Technology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand E-mail address: [email protected] (A. Reungsang). Response surface methodology (RSM) with Box–Behnken design was used to investigate the interaction between the variables and to identify the optimal media compositions for hydrogen production from waste glycerol. The variables studied were concentrations of waste glycerol, urea, Na2 HPO4 and the amount of Endo-nutrient addition. Plackett–Burman design was first used to screen the factors affecting the hydrogen production process from waste glycerol by anaerobic mixed cultures. It was found that concentrations of waste glycerol, urea, and Na2 HPO4 affected hydrogen production (p < 0.05). According to the RSM analysis results, the optimum media compositions were waste glycerol concentration of 4.04 g/L, urea concentration of 0.19 g/L, and Na2 HPO4 concentration of 596.97 mg/L in which a maximum hydrogen production of 40.79 mmol H2/L was obtained. The soluble metabolite products (SMPs) from the fermentation process were 1,3-propanediol (1,3PD), ethanol, butyric, propionic, acetic, lactic, and formic acids. The analysis of the microbial community by polymerase chain reactiondenaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) revealed that
seek for various organophosphate and synthetic pyrethroid pesticide residues on apples, cherries and in the blood of workers. In addition to pesticide residue analysis, TAC of the fruits and PON levels in workers’ blood has been determined. As a result of the study, dichlorvos residue (average 0.3 ppm) on some apple samples and diazinon residues (average 0.3 ppm) on some cherry samples have been discovered. When compared with the control group (239.5 ± 45.3) PON levels in the blood of farm workers (181.6 ± 38.7) have turned out to be significantly low (p < 0.001). Low PON enzyme values, in particular, clearly show that farm workers are adversely affected by pesticides. Pesticide residues detected on apples and cherries that are grown in the region provide us an opinion as to the reliability of crops. Therefore, those who apply pesticides should be careful and take necessary measures for the safety of both themselves and crops and consumer health. Antioxidant capacities detected in apples and cherries show the importance of these fruits for the region once more. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2013.05.179 Multiscale hydrodynamic investigation to enhance the biogas production in upflow anaerobic reactors Jiankai Jiang 1 , Jing Wu 2 , Souhila Poncin 1 , Huaizhi Li 1 1
Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés, Université de Lorraine, CNRS, 1, rue Grandville, BP 20451, 54001 Nancy Cedex, France 2 State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Department of Environ. Sci. & Eng., Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China E-mail address: [email protected] (J. Jiang). As clean and renewable energy, biogas has attracted intense attention, while biogas production in anaerobic reactors benefits both energy and environment. However, most of works reported in the literature focus on the effect of wastewater treatment and their influencing factors, a few results concern the biogas production. Fortunately, the hydrodynamics has been demonstrated as one of the most important factors affecting the biogas production. Thus, how to improve the multiphase hydrodynamics for a maximum biogas conversion becomes one of major objectives in the presence of three phases: wastewater, granular sludge and biogas bubbles. The present work aims at studying the hydrodynamic characteristics in upflow anaerobic reactors with internal circulation by means of an original multiscale approach. Especially, particle image velocimetry (PIV), micro-PIV and high-speed digital camera were employed to quantify the hydrodynamics at three different scales: the liquid flow and shear rate fields in the reaction zone and downcomer in a macroscale 3D-reactor and in a mesoscale 2D-reactor respectively, in addition to the relative motion between granular sludge and bubbles; the nucleation and growth of a biogas microbubble, liquid flow and shear rate fields around a single sludge in a microscale 1D-reactor. The multiscale approach reveals pertinent mechanisms proper to each scale. The advanced techniques such as PIV, micro-PIV combined with the high-speed camera allow to quantify various phenomena at different scales including the role of bubbles’ size on the shear rate and the optimal flow conditions for the intensification of biogas production. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2013.05.180
S67
Kinetic and equilibrium studies of cobalt adsorption on apricot stone activated carbon (ASAC) Samia Kaddour 1 , Moussa Abbas 2 , Mohamed Trari 3 1
Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthèse and Macromolecular Thioorganique, Faculty of Chemistry (USTHB), BP 32-16111 El-Alia, Algeria 2 Laboratory of Soft Technologies and Biodiversity (LTDVPMBB), Faculty of Sciences, University M’hamed Bougara of Boumerdes, 35000, Algeria 3 Laboratory of Storage and Valorization of Renewable Energies, Faculty of Chemistry (USTHB), BP 32-16111 El-Alia, Algeria E-mail address: [email protected] (S. Kaddour). The preparation of activated carbon from apricot stone with H3 PO4 and its ability to remove cobalt from aqueous solutions are reported. The FTIR spectroscopy is used to get insights on the interactions between the functional groups of the carbon and Co2+ . Adsorption studies are carried out by varying the initial Co2+ concentration (C0) and pH. The amount of Co2+ ions adsorbed increases with pH and Co. A comparison of the two kinetic models on the overall adsorption rate shows that the adsorption process is well described by the pseudo second-order kinetic. The Langmuir model fits well the data and the monolayer adsorption capacity of Co+2 ions is found to be 111.11 mg g−1 at pH 9 above which the precipitation takes place. Thermodynamics parameters are also evaluated. The values of enthalpy and entropy are 121.38 kJ/mol and 0.349 kJ/mol K, respectively, indicating that the adsorption is endothermic and not spontaneous. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2013.05.181 Determining optimum media compositions for bio-hydrogen production from waste glycerol by anaerobic mixed cultures Sureewan Sittijunda 1,2 , Alissara Reungsang 3,4 1
Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Chonburi 20131, Thailand 2 Fermentation Research Center for Value Added of Agricultural Products, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand 3 Research Group for Development of Microbial Hydrogen Production Process from Biomass, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand 4 Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Technology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand E-mail address: [email protected] (A. Reungsang). Response surface methodology (RSM) with Box–Behnken design was used to investigate the interaction between the variables and to identify the optimal media compositions for hydrogen production from waste glycerol. The variables studied were concentrations of waste glycerol, urea, Na2 HPO4 and the amount of Endo-nutrient addition. Plackett–Burman design was first used to screen the factors affecting the hydrogen production process from waste glycerol by anaerobic mixed cultures. It was found that concentrations of waste glycerol, urea, and Na2 HPO4 affected hydrogen production (p < 0.05). According to the RSM analysis results, the optimum media compositions were waste glycerol concentration of 4.04 g/L, urea concentration of 0.19 g/L, and Na2 HPO4 concentration of 596.97 mg/L in which a maximum hydrogen production of 40.79 mmol H2/L was obtained. The soluble metabolite products (SMPs) from the fermentation process were 1,3-propanediol (1,3PD), ethanol, butyric, propionic, acetic, lactic, and formic acids. The analysis of the microbial community by polymerase chain reactiondenaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) revealed that