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MULTISCALE MODELLING: APPLICATION OF THE COMPLEX AUTOMATA SIMULATION TECHNIQUE (COAST)
Poster P-109
S482
Modelling
MULTISCALE MODELLING: APPLICATION OF THE COMPLEX AUTOMATA SIMULATION TECHNIQUE (COAST) DJW Evans (1), A Hoekstra (2), J Gunn (1), D Walker (6), DR Hose (1), RH Smallwood(6), B Chopard (3), M Krafczyk (4), J Bernsdorf (5), PV Lawford (1).
1. School of Medicine, University of Sheffield, UK. 2. Computational Science, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands. 3. Computer Science Department, University of Geneva, Switzerland. 4. Institute for Computational Modeling in Civil Engineering, Technical University of Braunschweig, Germany 5. NEC Laboratories Europe, NEC Europe Ltd. 6. Department of Computer Science, University of Sheffield, UK.
Introduction Computer simulations and rule-based modelling can be effective methodologies to describe complex systems and understand or control their behaviour. As many complex biological systems encompass several spatial and temporal scales, as well as several elementary components they cannot be described by a single homogenous model. COAST1 is developing a multi-scale, multi-science framework coined ‘Complex Automata’ for modelling and simulation of complex systems. The key tenet of COAST is that a multi-scale system can be decomposed into a number of single-scale Cellular Automata or agent-based models that mutually interact across the scales. Decomposition is facilitated by building a Scale Separation Map (SSM) on which each single-scale system is represented according to its spatial and temporal characteristics. Processes having well-separated scales are thus easily identified as the fundamental components of the multi-scale model.
the Sub-model Execution Loop (SEL). It can be demonstrated that the coupling process reduces to the identification of the points of interaction between two single-scale processes, each represented in terms of the SEL. There are a finite number of interactions between any two processes in the SEL, and these can be catalogued. We refer to the map of interactions as a coupling template. The coupling templates, together with the SSM and the SEL, form the conceptual core of the COAST framework.
Methods and Results COAST has set out to validate the Complex Automata (CxA) approach by applying it to the challenging clinical problem of coronary artery instent restenosis (ISR). In order to inform this model and to develop the underpinning biological rule-set, we have carried out an in depth review of the extensive literature published on this topic. The key biological and physical processes that govern the progression of restenosis have been identified, and separated according to their spatial and temporal scales using the concept of the SSM (Figure 1). The SSM is defined as a two dimensional map with the horizontal axis coding for temporal scales and the vertical axis for spatial scales (Hoekstra et al. 2007). Each subsystem occupies an area on this map and can be expressed with a common instruction flow. We represent the workflow with a pseudo-code abstraction, termed 1
COAST is an EU FP6 project (EU-FP6-IST-FET Contract 033664) funded for 3 years from September 2006. www.complex-automata.org Journal of Biomechanics 41(S1)
Figure 1: The Scale Separation Map for In-Stent Restenosis.
Discussion COAST will provide an adaptable framework for the modelling of complex biomedical processes that are currently too complex to model using existing techniques. The approach is based on three concepts, namely a scale separation map, a generic sub-execution loop, and a coupling template. This approach can be used to construct an algorithmic description of a challenging, clinically important application at the interface between physics and biology, that of in-stent restenosis.
References Hoekstra, A., et al. ICCS 2007, Part I, Lecture Notes in Computer Science 4487: 922-930, 2007.
16th ESB Congress, Posters
S482
Modelling
MULTISCALE MODELLING: APPLICATION OF THE COMPLEX AUTOMATA SIMULATION TECHNIQUE (COAST) DJW Evans (1), A Hoekstra (2), J Gunn (1), D Walker (6), DR Hose (1), RH Smallwood(6), B Chopard (3), M Krafczyk (4), J Bernsdorf (5), PV Lawford (1).
1. School of Medicine, University of Sheffield, UK. 2. Computational Science, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands. 3. Computer Science Department, University of Geneva, Switzerland. 4. Institute for Computational Modeling in Civil Engineering, Technical University of Braunschweig, Germany 5. NEC Laboratories Europe, NEC Europe Ltd. 6. Department of Computer Science, University of Sheffield, UK.
Introduction Computer simulations and rule-based modelling can be effective methodologies to describe complex systems and understand or control their behaviour. As many complex biological systems encompass several spatial and temporal scales, as well as several elementary components they cannot be described by a single homogenous model. COAST1 is developing a multi-scale, multi-science framework coined ‘Complex Automata’ for modelling and simulation of complex systems. The key tenet of COAST is that a multi-scale system can be decomposed into a number of single-scale Cellular Automata or agent-based models that mutually interact across the scales. Decomposition is facilitated by building a Scale Separation Map (SSM) on which each single-scale system is represented according to its spatial and temporal characteristics. Processes having well-separated scales are thus easily identified as the fundamental components of the multi-scale model.
the Sub-model Execution Loop (SEL). It can be demonstrated that the coupling process reduces to the identification of the points of interaction between two single-scale processes, each represented in terms of the SEL. There are a finite number of interactions between any two processes in the SEL, and these can be catalogued. We refer to the map of interactions as a coupling template. The coupling templates, together with the SSM and the SEL, form the conceptual core of the COAST framework.
Methods and Results COAST has set out to validate the Complex Automata (CxA) approach by applying it to the challenging clinical problem of coronary artery instent restenosis (ISR). In order to inform this model and to develop the underpinning biological rule-set, we have carried out an in depth review of the extensive literature published on this topic. The key biological and physical processes that govern the progression of restenosis have been identified, and separated according to their spatial and temporal scales using the concept of the SSM (Figure 1). The SSM is defined as a two dimensional map with the horizontal axis coding for temporal scales and the vertical axis for spatial scales (Hoekstra et al. 2007). Each subsystem occupies an area on this map and can be expressed with a common instruction flow. We represent the workflow with a pseudo-code abstraction, termed 1
COAST is an EU FP6 project (EU-FP6-IST-FET Contract 033664) funded for 3 years from September 2006. www.complex-automata.org Journal of Biomechanics 41(S1)
Figure 1: The Scale Separation Map for In-Stent Restenosis.
Discussion COAST will provide an adaptable framework for the modelling of complex biomedical processes that are currently too complex to model using existing techniques. The approach is based on three concepts, namely a scale separation map, a generic sub-execution loop, and a coupling template. This approach can be used to construct an algorithmic description of a challenging, clinically important application at the interface between physics and biology, that of in-stent restenosis.
References Hoekstra, A., et al. ICCS 2007, Part I, Lecture Notes in Computer Science 4487: 922-930, 2007.
16th ESB Congress, Posters