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Mycological Research: instructions and guidelines for authors 2008
mycological research 112 (2008) 117–126
journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/mycres
Mycological Research: instructions and guidelines for authors 2008 David L. HAWKSWORTH* Departamento de Biologı´a Vegetal II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramo`n y Cajal, Ciudad Universitaria, ES-28040 Madrid, Spain; and Department of Botany, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK
article info
abstract
Article history:
Instructions and guidelines for authors submitting papers to Mycological Research are
Received 5 December 2007
provided. The journal is international and covers all fields of mycology, both fundamental
Accepted 7 December 2007
and applied. It publishes news items, reviews, original papers, and book reviews. Contribu-
Corresponding Editor:
tions should be of interest to a wide spectrum of mycologists or make significant novel
David L. Hawksworth
contributions. Papers with particularly exciting results are fast-tracked and prioritized
Keywords
(ees.elsevier.com/mycres); hard copy submissions are no longer accepted. Information is
Editorial policy
provided on: scope and timeliness; submission of articles; manuscript preparation;
Manuscript preparation
tables; illustrations; spellings, numbers, chemical symbols, and abbreviations; voucher
Scope
material; molecular data; taxonomic data; references; the decision-making process; copy-
Submissions
right; author’s copies; proofs; and further questions.
for publication. Submission must be made online via the Elsevier Editotial System
.
Scope and timeliness Mycological Research is an international journal, owned by the British Mycological Society, which covers all fields of mycology, whether fundamental or applied. These include biodiversity, biocontrol, biotechnology, cytology, developmental biology, ecology, evolution food spoilage, genetics, genomics, industrial applications, interactions, pathology (animal, insect, medical and plant), phylogenetics, physiology, systematics, taxonomy, and ultrastructure. It covers all organisms historically or recently recognized as fungi, including lichenfungi, microsporidia, oomycetes, slime moulds, straminipiles, and yeasts. Contributions should be of interest to a wide spectrum of mycologists, or make significant novel contributions. Items of more local or extremely specialized interest will not normally be considered, unless of especial scientific merit or if providing examples of situations or phenomena that might
* Corresponding author. E-mail address: [email protected] 0953-7562/$ – see front matter doi:10.1016/S0953-7562(08)00011-7
be of more general applicability. Reports of plant diseases or particular fungi in a country, species lists, medical case reports, and descriptions of new species are generally not appropriate. However, exceptions may be made if material of wider interest is included in the paper, such as keys to species or new molecular insights into relationships of the group, or the fungi involved are of particular interest as pathogens, biocontrol agents, have unusual features, or producers of bioactive compounds. Contributions to Mycological Research News should be topical, controversial, draw attention to significant work published elsewhere, or be comments relating to papers published in the journal. Review articles are generally invited, but suggestions for topics and offers of review articles are always welcome; Mycological Research also publishes review articles from time to time. Book Reviews are included as space permits, with a focus on those of broad mycological interest or which constitute major syntheses; books and CDs for
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consideration for inclusion in this section should be sent by the publishers to the Senior Editor in the first instance. In addition, particular issues may be devoted to one theme, or comprises papers presented at a particular scientific meeting; suggestions for theme issues or enquiries as to the publication of a series of papers from a meeting are most welcome – and should be addressed to the Senior Editor. Obituaries are generally restricted to former President’s or Honorary Members of the British Mycological Society, or mycologists who are Fellows of the Royal Society of London. Mycological Research is especially keen to maintain its reputation of publishing papers as promptly as possible after acceptance. All reviews and original papers are published online in Elsevier’s Science Direct as soon as final corrections to the proofs have been made. Online publication is generally 12 weeks ahead of the publication of the printed versions. Papers with particularly exciting ground-breaking results or of immediate economic interest will be fast-tracked and prioritized for publication online and also as hard copy in the next issue available after acceptance, usually in 12–16 weeks. Regular papers generally appear in hard copy 16–20 weeks after acceptance. There are no restrictions as to length, and papers of 2–50 printed pages will be considered, although those of 30 or more pages would have to be of wide interest or long-lasting value, such as major review articles or definitive monographs of particular groups of fungi. There are no page charges, and no charges for the use of colour where these are agreed as necessary or desirable by the Corresponding Editor and Senior Editor. There is no requirement for authors to be members of the British Mycological Society. Supplementary information, and also coloured versions of figures reproduced in black-and-white in the printed version can, however, be included with or in the online version of the paper posted on Science Direct. The British Mycological Society delegates to the Senior Editor decisions as to whether submitted papers are appropriate for consideration for inclusion, final acceptance, and the make-up of particular issues.
Submission of articles All reviews and original research papers must be submitted online through the home page of the journal in the Elsevier Editorial System (http://ees.elsevier.com/mycres) or via the Author Gateway page for the journal (http://authors.elsevier. com/). The system guides authors stepwise through the creation and uploading of the various files. Help-lines are detailed should difficulties be experienced with particular parts of the process. Note that it is essential to give a fax number as well as an e-mail address when submitting a manuscript. The Elsevier Editorial System automatically converts source files to a single Adobe Acrobat PDF version of the article, which is used in the peer-review process. However, even though manuscript source files are converted to PDF at submission for the review process, these source files are needed for further processing after acceptance. All correspondence, including editorial decisions and requests for revision, take place by e-mail and via the homepage established for each
D. L. Hawksworth
corresponding author in the electronic system, removing the need for a hard copy paper trail and accelerating the review and revision process. However, items for consideration in Mycological Research News and texts of Book Reviews, must be sent as e-mail attachments in Microsoft Word directly to the Senior Editor. Hard copy e-mail attachments and disk submissions of papers are no longer accepted by the journal. Submission of an article implies that the work described has not been published previously (except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture or academic thesis), that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere, that its publication is approved by all authors, and tacitly or explicitly by the responsible authorities where the work was carried out, and that, if accepted, it will not be published elsewhere in the same form, in English or in any other language, without the written consent of the copyright holder. If it emerges that a paper submitted to Mycological Research has also been submitted to one or more other journals, it will automatically be rejected and future submissions from that author (or authors) will not be considered by the journal.
Manuscript preparation Please write your text in good English in the first person, i.e. use I/we not the author/the present authors (etc.).
First page The first page of the manuscript should show the title of the paper, names of authors and their affiliations, a running title, key words, and an abstract.
Title The title should be concise and informative as these are often used in information-retrieval systems. They should not include authorities of scientific names, or formulae, but may employ abbreviations accepted in the journal (Table 1). Numbered series are not accepted, but footnotes indicating that papers form part of a series or a numbered contribution from a particular institution can be placed in a footnote.
Author names and affiliations The first (or generally used) forename and surname are given in full. Where the family name may be ambiguous (e.g. a double name), please indicate this clearly. Indicate all affiliations with a lower-case superscript letter immediately after the author’s name and in front of the appropriate address. Provide the full postal address of each affiliation, including the country name and post or zip code. If an author has moved since the work described in the article was done, or was visiting at the time, the present address may be indicated as a footnote to that Author’s name.
Instructions and guidelines for authors 2008
Table 1 – Some commonly used abbreviations and contractions that may be used in Mycological Research manuscripts without definition absorbance acceleration due to gravity adenosine-50 -diphosphate adenosine-50 -monophosphate adenosine-50 -triphosphate adenosine triphosphatase amplified fragment length anamorph approximately aqueous arbuscular mycorrhizal average base pair boiling point bootstrap calculated circa coefficient communication compare concentrated concentration Consistency Index constant counts per minute cultivar(s) cyclic adenosine monophosphate degrees of freedom deoxyribonucleic acid diameter Differential Interference Contrast dilute dry weight enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay equation equivalent et alia Figure(s) gas–liquid chromatography genus, new giga Gigatonnes Greenwich Mean Time height high-pressure liquid chromatography Homoplasy Index hydrogen ion, minus log concentration immunofluorescence immunosorbent electron microscopy infrared inorganic orthophosphate inorganic pyrophoshate inner diameter insoluble Intergeneric Spacer Internal Transcribed Spacer International Code of Botanical Nomenclature Junior Large Subunit Light microscopy litre log to base 10
A g ADP AMP ATP ATPase AFLP anam. approx. aq. AM av. bp b.p. BS calc. ca coeff. comm. cfr conc. concn. CI const. c min1 cv. (cvs) cAMP D.F. DNA diam DIC dil. D.W. ELISA eqn equiv. et al. Fig (Figs) glc gen. nov. G Gt GMT ht hplc HI pH (plural pH values) IF ISEM IR
Pi PPi i.d. insol. IGS ITS Code jr LSU LM l log
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Table 1 (continued) log to base e (natural log) Marcov Chain Monte Carlo maximum Maximum Likelihood Maximum Parsimony maximum velocity melting point messenger ribonucleic acid Michaelis constant million minimum minute mitochondrial molecular weight national grid reference near ultraviolet Neighbour Joining nicotinamide adenosine dinucleotide not seen nuclear number observed outer diameter page, pages parts per million per per cent personal Polymerase Chain Reaction Posterior Probability preparation precipitate probability radius Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA relative humidity Rescaled Consistency Index Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Retention Index revolutions per minute ribonucleic acid ribosomal ribonucleic acid scanning electron microscopy Simple Sequence Repeat Small Subunit soluble solution species standard deviation standard error of mean synonym teleomorph temperature thousand thin-layer chromatography tonnes transmission electron microscopy ultraviolet variety volume weight
ln MCMC max. ML MP Vmax m.p. mRNA Km M min. min mt mol. wt N.G.R. NUV
NJ NAD n.v. nuc no. obs. o.d. p., pp. ppm 1
% pers. PCR PP prep. ppt. P r RAPD RH RC RFLP RI rev min1 RNA rRNA SEM SSR SSU sol. soln sp., spp. (plural) S.D. S.E.M. syn. teleom. temp. K tlc T TEM UV
var. vol. wt
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Corresponding author Clearly indicate who is willing to handle correspondence at all stages of refereeing and publication, also post-publication. Ensure that e-mail and full postal address, as well as telephone and fax numbers (with country and area code) are provided on the first page.
Running title Suggest an abbreviated title of not more than ten words that could be used on alternate pages in the printed version of the text.
Abstract
D. L. Hawksworth
Australia) or country name (if this is unlikely to be self-evident). Proprietary materials must be patented prior to publication (so that they can be released). Further and most critically, voucher material (see below) of the fungi or other organisms used in the work must be preserved in a specified public collection. Submissions including original observations and/or experimental data that are not supported by voucher specimens will not normally be accepted for publication. Exceptions may include review articles, theoretical and modelling studies, and some types of ecological investigations.
Results
The abstract must be concise and factual, stating briefly the purpose of the research, the principal results, major conclusions, and listing any new scientific names introduced (with basionyms and(or) replaced synomyms placed in brackets where appropriate in brackets, but without author citations). As an abstract is often presented separately from the article in online systems and bibliographic databases, it must be able to stand alone. References are therefore not be cited in abstracts. Abstracts should not exceed 200 words in length.
Results should be clear and concise. Numerical data that lack statistical analyses may be valueless, and will not be published. Data from a sufficient number of independent experiments should be reported to permit evaluation of the reproducibility and significance of results. When any significance is claimed, the test of significance used should be stated, and an estimate of the probability given. If you use complex statistical transformations a few lines of explanation in plain English of the purpose and the outcome of the test should be provided as well as references to the sources of the software packages or formulae employed.
Key words
Taxonomy
Suggest five key words that are different from any used in the title, which will assist in the electronic retrieval of your article.
Any formal taxonomic material should be placed in a separate section, preceding the Discussion. This includes the introduction of new scientific names, diagnoses and descriptions, typifications, keys, nomenclatural discussions, and lists of specimens or cultures examined. See below for further information on the presentation of specialist taxonomic information.
Abbreviations Define abbreviations that are not standard in this field at their first occurrence in the article: in the abstract but also in the main text after it. Ensure consistency of abbreviations throughout the article. A list of abbreviations that can be used without definition is included in Table 1.
Introduction Place the work in context, remembering that the readership will be already familiar with pertinent mycological terminology. Key previous work providing the background to the study should be cited, but this is not the place for a detailed literature review, unless the contribution is a review article. The objectives of the work must be clearly stated, but there should be no summary of the results obtained.
Materials and methods Provide sufficient detail to allow the work to be reproduced. Methods already published should be indicated by a reference; only relevant modifications from previously published protocols should be described. All materials must be available to others. This means that commercial sources of purchased products used must be identified with the name of the company (excluding indications as to corporate status such as plc, Ltd, pty, GmBh, S.A., etc), the town where they are based, and either the Zip Code acronym of the state (for North America,
Scientific names In accordance with the changes made in the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature at the St Louis Congress in 1999, author citations of scientific names are not used in Mycological Research unless the papers are taxonomic or nomenclatural. Further, in those cases author citations are only used where either the date of publication of the name, or the full bibliographical reference to the place of original publication is given. Where only the year is given, it is not placed in parentheses and the reference is not given in full in the list of References (details can be located through the Index Fungorum database if required). Author citations for the names of host plants, insects and other organisms mentioned are not given under any circumstances. Scientific names of all ranks are placed in italic type (e.g. Ascomycota, Boletales, Fungi, Glomaceae), as in the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature. For consistency, this practice is followed for all groups of organisms in Mycological Research, including those covered by the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Names not used as formal scientific ones are placed in regular type and do not start with a capital letter (e.g. ascomycetes, basidiomycetes, fungi, penicillia, pyrenomycetes). Names of cultivars (cultivated
Instructions and guidelines for authors 2008
varieties) of cultivated plants are not placed in italic type but prefixed by ‘cv.’ without single inverted commas (e.g. Triticum aestivale cv. Golden Ear). Names of hybrids are indicated by a multiplication sign in Roman type immediately in front of the hybrid genus or specific name, with no space (e.g. Melampsoracolumbiana). When first used in the paper, and at the start of each new section, the genus name is to be given in full. Where the name is repeated, the genus name is abbreviated to its initial letter (e.g. Chaetomium globosum to C. globosum) except at the start of a new sentence. Common names of fungi and hosts should not be capitalized or placed in quotation marks, and where available follow standard lists of common names or ones used in quarantine or conservation legislation (e.g. British Society for Plant Pathology, 1984; Stace, New Flora of the British Isles, 1991; Holden, Recommended English Names for Fungi in the UK, 2003).
Discussion This should explore the significance of the results of the work, not repeat them, and place them in a wider context. A combined ‘Results and Discussion’ section may be acceptable in some circumstances. It should identify further work necessary to further test the conclusions or follow-up work, but not state what the authors are themselves doing or planning to do.
Conclusions A separate Conclusions section will not normally be necessary as the key conclusions are expected to be in the Abstract.
Acknowledgements Place acknowledgements, including information on grants received, in a separate section before the references (We thank names of any individuals thanked should be given without any academic title, the full forename, and, if considered desirable also the name of the institution or town where they are based). Collections of specimens and cultures can be referred to solely by their internationally recognized acronyms. The first person should be used throughout, i.e. ‘‘We thank .’’ and not ‘‘The authors thank ..’’
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case of phylogenetic trees, values of pertinent indices. Captions should not be included with graphics files including figures. Figures and tables should be numbered consecutively in accordance with their appearance in the text. Elements of composite figures and tables should be indicated by capital letters rather than numerals, i.e. Fig 2 A–E and not Fig 2 a–e or Figs 2–5.
Appendices Appendices should normally be avoided, but if considered essential and not suitable for inclusion only as online Supplementary Data by the Corresponding Editor and Senior Editor, they should be presented in the same form as Tables.
Supplementary data Elsevier accepts electronic supplementary material (e-components) to support and enhance papers included in Mycological Research. Supplementary files offer additional possibilities of publishing additional supporting data, colour versions of figures that are in black-and-white in the printed version, movies, animation sequences, high-resolution images, background datasets, sound clips, and more. Supplementary files are published online alongside the electronic version of articles in Elsevier Web products, including Science Direct (http://www.sciencedirect.com). In order to ensure that submitted supplementary material is directly usable, such data must be provided in one of Elsevier’s recommended file formats. Authors should submit the material in electronic format together with the article and supply a concise and descriptive caption for each file. For more detailed instructions see the artwork instruction pages at http://authors.elsevier.com/artwork.
Tables Vertical rules are to be avoided, and horizontal rules minimized. Data in each column are justified left and not centred in each column. Where listing strains within a species, or making other subordinate groupings of data, use bold type for the main categories and inset subordinate ones. Place footnotes to tables below the table body, and indicate them with superscript lower-case letters, and not numerals.
References
Illustrations See below.
Footnotes Footnotes are generally to be avoided, but where used are numbered consecutively through the whole paper and placed in smaller type.
Figure and table captions Present these, in this order, at the end of the article, starting on separate pages. They must be self-explanatory, and legends can include supplementary information on methods used or, in the
A detailed guide on electronic artwork is available on Elsevier’s website: http://authors.elsevier.com/artwork. Authors are urged to visit this site d only excerpts from the detailed information are given here.
Formats Regardless of the application used, when your electronic artwork is finalised, please ‘save as’ or convert the images to one of the following formats. Note the resolution requirements for line drawings, halftones, and line/halftone combinations given below:
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D. L. Hawksworth
EPS TIFF TIFF TIFF
DOC, XLS or PPT
Vector drawings. Embed the font or save the text as ‘graphics’. Colour or greyscale photographs (halftones): always use a minimum of 300 dpi. Bitmapped line drawings: use a minimum of 1000 dpi. Combinations bitmapped line/half-tone (colour or greyscale): a minimum of 500 dpi is required. If the electronic artwork is created in any of these Microsoft Office applications please supply ‘as is’.
Do not supply: (1) embedded graphics in a wordprocessor (spreadsheet, presentation) document; (2) files that are optimised for screen use (like GIF, BMP, PICT, WPG) as the resolution is too low; (3) files that are too low in resolution; or (4) graphics that are disproportionately large for the content. Illustrations should be prepared so that they can be printed at single-column or full-page width (i.e. 8.5 cm or 17.5 cm wide). The height of figures should either allow for the legends to be included below them in the same column or page, or the full page height (i.e. 24 cm) should be used with the legends to appear on the opposite page (or adjoining column).
Magnifications Magnifications on illustrations must be indicated by scale bars, and these must show whole numbers and the most appropriate unit.
Colour illustrations The decision to use colour reproduction in print is made by the Executive Editor on the recommendation of the Corresponding Editor and in consultation with Elsevier when the paper is accepted; there is no charge levied on authors for the use of colour in the printed version. If, together with the accepted article, usable colour figures are submitted then Elsevier will ensure, at no additional charge, that these figures will appear in colour on the Web (e.g. ScienceDirect and other sites) regardless of whether or not these illustrations are reproduced in colour in the printed version. The preference of author’s for colour in print or on the Web should be made clear at the final stage of acceptance when all revisions are completed. For further information on the preparation of electronic artwork, see http://authors.elsevier.com/artwork.
Spelling, numbers, measurements, chemical symbols, and abbreviations Spelling English (not American) spellings are required, and should follow The Concise Oxford Dictionary (Oxford: Clarendon Press). Words of non-English origin, like bona fide, prima facie, ex tipo, in vitro, in situ, sensu stricto, versus, or their abbreviations (see below) should be in italic type.
Both ‘-ized’ and ‘-ised’ spellings are acceptable, but should be used consistently within an article. Single quotes should be used throughout for quotations or to indicate colloquialisms or doubt. Double quotes should only be used for a quotation within material being copied. Hyphens should be used only where two nouns are joined, and never between adjectives (e.g. ‘yellow-green’ not ‘yellow green’, ‘yellowish green’ not ‘yellowish-green’). They are not used where a prefix is involved (e.g. ‘coevolution’ not ‘coevolution’, ‘microorganism’ not ‘micro-organism’). A comma is used preceding the final ‘and’ in lists including three or more items (e.g. ‘magnitude, significance, and conservation’).
Numbers and measurements Formulae and equations should be given separate numbering in bold type: (1), (2), etc., adjusted to the right-hand margin. Light microscopic measurements must be adjusted to the nearest 0.5 mm to avoid giving a misleading impression of accuracy. Outliers from the main range of sizes can be placed in parentheses, and means given in italic where considered desirable, e.g. (15-)17.5-19.5-22(-24) mm. Authors are encouraged to indicate the number of measurements made by using the notation ‘(n ¼ 115)’, and to provide statistical information where appropriate. Names of months more than four letters long are given in full in the main text and abbreviated to the first three letters in tables and in the citation of collections or isolates (e.g. Jan., Feb.). Numbers in the text up to and including ten (and also fractions) are to be spelled out unless followed by a unit of measurement, or where confusion could otherwise result. Avoid using numbers at the start of sentences wherever possible, and where this is unavoidable they should be spelled out. Except at the start of a sentence, numerals are used for measures, with a space between the number and the unit of measurement (e.g. 10 mm not 10mm, 10 % not 10 %, 10 C not 10 C). Exceptions are: degrees of angles, latitude or longitude (e.g. 54 N is correct), and the use of K and M for thousands and millions respectively (e.g. 2M). For numbers over 9999, a space is used to separate the thousands units (i.e. 9999 but 10 000). A decimal point must always be preceded by a numeral (e.g. 1.2, 0.2), and decimal values should be rounded up or down to three significant figures (e.g. 17.83 mm becomes 17.8 mm). Use SI unit symbols, but note that ‘L’ (litre) and ‘ml’ are acceptable exceptions to this rule, but should be consistent throughout an article. Use the form ‘mg m3’, and not ‘mg per m3’ or ‘mg/m3’, when indicating concentrations or time intervals. Use the 24 hour clock.
Chemical symbols Chemical symbols are to be avoided in the text, and the name of the substance given in full. Exceptions are made for papers where the chemistry is the main focus, when a substance is
Instructions and guidelines for authors 2008
referred to frequently (give full name plus abbreviation in first instance), or when a list of substances is given. In tables or figures, amino acids and sugars can be abbreviated to three-letter symbols (e.g. Ala, Arg, Asn, Asp, Ara, Fru, Gal, Glc). For sequences, amino acids can be abbreviated to the conventional single letter code but this practice should generally be limited to the figures and should not be used in the body of the text. Use the full systematic name of any enzyme at first mention, including the Enzyme Commission (EC) number. Subsequently, a trivial name or abbreviation can be used. Isotopically labelled compounds are designated as: [U-14C]D-glucose (uniformly labelled), D-[2-3H]glucose, [35S]-methionine. If in doubt consult the Amersham International Catalogue.
Abbreviations For abbreviations that can be used without definition see Table 1. Other abbreviations and acronyms should be defined or given in full the first time they are used in the paper unless very widely understood (e.g. FAO, UNESCO). Acronyms do not have points between letters (i.e. BMS and not B.M.S.). Use a full point if an abbreviation finishes with a consonant (e.g. ‘Prof.’), but contractions where the first and last letters are retained appear without any final punctuation (e.g. ‘Dr’).
Voucher material In order for other researchers to verify results reported in the journal, voucher material must be both permanently preserved and accessible. Dried reference specimens, slides, and(or) living cultures should be deposited in a public institution, for example ones recognized in Index Herbariorum or the World Directory of Collections of Cultures of Microorganisms. Where a large number of collections was used, the deposit of a representative selection of strains is acceptable. Deposited material should be indicated by the accepted acronym for the collection, followed by the accession number allocated to the strain (e.g. CBS 116947). In the case of living cultures, where technically feasible these should be cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen or lyophilized. Information as to the country of origin, state or province, locality, substrate or associated organism (e.g. insect host), date, and the name of the isolator/collector should be provided as a minimum requirement. The deposit of voucher material is a requirement for publication in the journal, and applies to papers in all areas of mycology and not just to systematic studies. This requirement may be waived only in exceptional cases, and papers will not normally be accepted for publication if no statement as to where voucher material has been deposited is provided.
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generated sequences and alignments are deposited in publicly available databases such as GenBank or TreeBASE prior to publication. The accession numbers allocated to sequences and alignments by such databases must be included in contributions, but may be added at the final revision stage. However, many referees wish to check sequence data and alignments during the review process, so if those generated in the paper are not already publicly available, authors should include these as supplementary material when making their submission. Many terms and methods used in molecular studies are now so well-established and familiar that they need not be spelled out in full even at first mention, but referred to by abbreviations or acronyms (Table 1).
Taxonomic data New scientific names These are placed in bold Roman type, followed by the author citation in normal type, and then an indication of the rank or transfer in bold (e.g. sp. nov., comb. nov.) as shown in Fig 1. Following the acceptance of a paper with new scientific names, authors must register the names in MycoBank and obtain MycoBank numbers for each new name (see http:// www.MycoBank.org). These are to be given immediately below the name, and the actual numbers can be added in proof if not already secured. This registration became a condition of publication of all new scientific names in the journal on 1 January 2007. Note that, in the spirit of the current International Code of Botanical Nomenclature, it is not the policy of Mycological Research to publish papers introducing new formal names for the anamorphs of already described teleomorphic fungi. Further, authors are expected to use the full provisions of the Code, as revised in Vienna in 2005, to avoid the unnecessary creation of new names in pleomorphic fungi. The derivation of new scientific names is to be given before the diagnosis or description in 1–2 lines starting with ‘Etym.:’.
A Xerocomus parasiticus (Bull.) Quél., Fl. Mycol.: 418 (1888). Synonyms: Boletus parasiticus Bull., Herb. Fr.: 371 (1790) : Fr., Syst. Mycol. 1: 389 (1821). Pseudoboletus parasiticus (Bull.) Šutara, eská Mykol. 45: 2 (1991).
B Colletogloeopsis zuluense (M.J. Wingf., Crous & T.A. Court) M.N. Cortinas, M.J. Wingf. & Crous, comb. nov. MycoBank No.: MB 492056 Basionym: Coniothyrium zuluense M.J. Wingf., Crous & T.A. Court, Mycopathologia 136: 142 (1997).
C Molecular data Mycological Research discourages the inclusion of extensive sets of sequence data or alignments, but requires that newly
Chaetosphaeria tortuosa Réblová, Seifert & G.P. White, sp. nov. MycoBank No.: MB 497232
Fig 1 – Examples of presentation of taxonomic information. (A) Synonymy. (B) New combination. (C) New species.
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Latin diagnoses should be brief and concentrate on the characters differentiating the new taxon from others. Latin descriptions that are merely translations of the English description included are not acceptable. The use of paragraphs starting with italicised topic heads such as ‘Anamorph:’, ‘Host range:’, ‘Distribution:’, ‘Nomenclature:’, or ‘Observations:’ is encouraged.
D. L. Hawksworth
3(2)
Conidia 3-septate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Conidia 0-septate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
4(3)
Phialides arising singly, terminal on 1–3-septate metulae; phialide apex strongly curved downwards away from the main stipe; conidia 16–26 x 3–4.5 µm; Phialophora-like synanamorph; ascospores fusiform, 3septate, 21–29 x 4–5.5(-6) µm; asci (100-)115–150 x 8.5–11.5 µm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . glauca Phialides arising in groups of 2–9, the cluster having a digitate appearance, terminal or lateral on short, branched or unbranched metulae; phialide apex strainght or curved very gently; conidia 18–25 x 3.5–4 µm; ascospores fusiform, 3-septate, 19–24 x 5–6 µm; asci (110-)120–133(145) x 12–14 µm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . tortuosa
Basionyms The basionyms of new combinations are indicated below the formal transfer after the line with the MycoBank number, and on a new line starting with ‘Basionym’; this must include the full bibliographic details of the place of publication of the basionym (Fig 1B).
Fig 2 – Extract from a portion of a dichotomous key.
first time and a holotype (and any isotypes) is being designated.
Synonyms
Keys
In formal taxonomic presentations, synonyms should be listed in order of date, and grouped so that homotypic (obligate, nomenclatural) synonyms occur together. Each should appear on a new line, with any over-run indented (Fig 1A), and the type details can be placed immediately after the appropriate name or under Specimens examined at the end of the account of that fungus. See Fig 1A. ‘h’ and ‘¼’ are not to be used in presentations of lists of synonyms. The place of publication of scientific names given in the body of the paper must be abbreviated, following Stafelu & Cowans´s Taxonomic Literature (for books), and any of Botanico Periodicum Huntianum or The World List of Scientific Periodicals or the Catalogue of Scientific Periodicals in the British Museum (Natural History) for journals. Contrary to the general practice in the journal (see above), abbreviations of authors names are always to be cited after scientific names in formal presentations of synonymy. Abbreviations must follow the system used in the Index Fungorum database (available free on the internet). If an author’s name is not in the database, the surname should be given in full, and also full initials if there is a different person with the same surname already in the system (in some cases forenames are spelled out in full to avoid confusion). The use of ‘:’ to indicate the sanctioned status of a name in author citations is not recommended, but it should always be employed after the full bibliographic reference to the place of publication of a name. The ‘:’ is only correctly used before a ‘Fr.’ or ‘Pers.’ and has a space either side (i.e. ‘Bolt. : Fr.’ not ‘Bolt. : Fr.’) as shown in Fig 1A. Note that in some cases ‘ex’ may also be correct in the same position where the name was not validly published by the first indicated author. Where epitypes, neotypes or lectotypes are being designated for the first time, the phrase ‘lectotypus hic designatus’ (or with a different prefix depending on the kind of type) should appear in bold italic type after the citation of the name or specimen being selected as the nomenclatural type. This is not necessary where taxa are being described for the
Keys are presented at full-page width and must be strictly dichotomous. The characters in each half of a couplet must match, though supplementary information may also be added where a taxon keys out. The number of the couplet from which a particular point was reached is indicated in parenthesis, turn-overs are indented, and there is a line space between each couplet. Taxon names are printed in bold Roman where they key out, and without the generic name if the key relates only to species in the same genus. An example of an extract from a key is shown in Fig 2.
Specimen citations Details of specimens and cultures examined are grouped at the end of species accounts and printed in smaller type. The information should be organized in the following way: Specimen examined: United Kingdom: South Devon (V.C. 3): Slapton, Slapton Ley National Nature Reserve, ‘The Causeway’, 20(SX)/821442, alt. 10 m, on thallus of Parmelia sulcata on Salix sp., 25 Jun. 1974, D. L. Hawksworth 3762 (IMI 186831 – holotype of Cornutispora lichenicola).
Material from different countries is arranged alphabetically by country, with a separating bold ‘d’ between records from different countries. Different states or counties within a country are separated by a ‘.’, and material from the same state or county is separated by a ‘;’. Citations of holotype collections of newly described species are to be arranged in the same way, but are placed immediately after the Latin diagnosis, with ‘d holotypus’ added after the collection acronym.
References Citations in the text Please ensure that every reference cited in the text is also present in the reference list (and vice versa). Unpublished results, personal communications, references to websites (unless the work is also available in hard copy and dated),
Instructions and guidelines for authors 2008
are not to be included in the reference list unless and also available in printed form, but website- only sources are to be detailed in the text with the website address in parenthesis immediately after the name of the person, organization, or program (without the date when they were accessed). Citation of a reference as ‘in press’ implies that the item has been accepted for publication, and the year of expected publication is to be used; it is expected that in most cases authors will add volume and page numbers in proof. References to papers ‘submitted’, ‘in revision’ or in ‘preparation’ are not acceptable. References to personal communications or unpublished work should include the forename of the person, or if the person is an author of the paper, their full initials (e.g. John Smith, pers. comm. when not a coauthor; J.S., unpubl. when a coauthor). All citations in the text should be in one of three forms: (1) Single author: the author’s name (without initials, unless there is ambiguity) and the year of publication; (2) Two authors: both authors’ names linked by an ampersand (&) and the year of publication; or (3) Three or more authors: the first author’s name followed by ‘et al.’ and the year of publication. Citations may be made directly (or parenthetically). Groups of references should be listed chronologically. Examples: ‘as demonstrated (Allan 1996a, b, 1999; Allan & Jones 1995)’, and ‘Allan & Kramer (1996) and Kramer et al. (2000) have recently shown..’ Where a quotation from a work is being reproduced, add the page number(s) after a ‘:’ (e.g. Allan 1996a: 361).
List of References References should be arranged first alphabetically and then further sorted chronologically if necessary. More than one reference from the same author(s) in the same year must be identified by the letters ‘a’, ‘b’, ‘c’, etc., placed after the year of publication. Part numbers within volumes of journals are not cited unless each part is numbered separately. Where a work was published in a different year from that printed on it, the actual year of publication is to be used in the text, and the form ‘‘1980 [‘1979’]’’ in the reference list where 1980 was the actual year of publication.
Examples: An Z (ed.), 2004 [‘2005’]. Handbook of Industrial Mycology. [Mycology Series No. 22.] Marcel Dekker, New York. Strunk jr W, White EB, 1979. The Elements of Style, 3rd edn. Macmillan, New York. van der Geer J, Hanraads JAJ, Lupton RA, 2000. The art of writing a scientific article. Journal of the Scientific Community 163: 51–59. Yarrow D, 1998. Methods for the isolation, maintenance and identification of yeasts. In: Kurtzman CP, Fell JW (eds), The Yeasts: a taxonomic study, 4th edn. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 77–100.
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The decision-making process Each paper submitted will normally be allocated to an Editor, who will be responsible for selecting specialist peer reviewers, liaising with authors, approving revisions, and making recommendations to the Senior Editor. However, because of the large numbers papers submitted, those that are not considered suitable for consideration for inclusion in Mycological Research by virtue of their topic will be rejected on the decision of the Senior Editor or corresponding Editor without review. This procedure means that authors will then be able to resubmit to a more appropriate journal with the minimum of delay. Corresponding Editors normally select two reviewers, but may also act as one of those themselves. Authors are asked to provide the names of 3-5 possible reviewers with specialist knowledge of the subject of their papers when submitting manuscripts. These must be persons based in an institution different from that of the author(s) of the paper. The reviewers suggested may or may not be approached at the discretion of the corresponding Editor. The corresponding Editor has the authority to authorize the rejection of papers directly, having taken into account the reports on them received. In the case of papers that have received satisfactory reviews and been revised as necessary, corresponding Editors may recommend a paper be accepted for regular or fast-track publication, or inclusion if space permits. Their recommendations are generally followed, but the final decision on acceptance rests with the Senior Editor. In cases where authors have been asked to revise their papers, if the revisions are not received within four months of being requested, the contribution will normally be treated as a new submission, unless there are extenuating circumstances where the corresponding Editor may use discretion.
Author copies Authors receive either 50 free offprints or a free high resolution PDF file. Additional offprints can be ordered when the corrected proofs are returned.
Proofs When your accepted manuscript is received by the Publisher it is considered to be in its final form. Proofs are not to be regarded as drafts. One set of page proofs in PDF format will be sent by e-mail to the corresponding author, to be checked for typesetting/ editing. No changes in, or additions to, the accepted (and subsequently edited) manuscript will be allowed at this stage. Proofreading is solely the author’s responsibility. A form with any queries from the copyeditor will accompany the proofs. Please answer all queries and make any corrections or additions required. Mycological Research will do everything possible to get the article corrected and published as quickly and accurately as possible. In order to do this the full and prompt co-operation
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of authors is needed. When the (PDF) proof of an article for correction is received, it is important to ensure that all corrections are sent back to Elsevier in one communication. Subsequent corrections will not be possible, so please ensure your first sending is complete; as soon as these corrections have been made, papers will be published online on Science Direct. This does not mean that there is any less time to make corrections, just that only one set of corrections will be accepted and changes cannot be made once publication online has taken place.
Copyright Under the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, copyright in the typographical arrangement of all papers and other items published in Mycological Research rests with the British Mycological Society. Upon acceptance of an article, Authors will be asked to transfer copyright to the British Mycological Society (for more information on copyright see http://authors. elsevier.com). This transfer will ensure the widest possible dissemination of information. A form facilitating transfer of copyright will be sent to the Corresponding Author. Before any paper or part of a paper is reproduced, except of activities permitted under Chapter III of the above Act, the consent of the Society must be obtained through the Executive Editor. Copyright in the typographical arrangement is distinct from ownership of the copyright of the literary work represented by the text and artistic work represented in graphic and photographic components of individual papers. In most cases the literary and artistic copyrights will remain the
D. L. Hawksworth
property of the author(s) of the paper and/or their employers (Section II of the Act). However, it is the policy of Mycological Research to allow authors to use their own figures and illustrations in any other works of which they are the author or a coauthor, without restriction or any need to consult the Society, provided that the original place of publication is acknowledged. The Society also has no objection to PDF copies of published papers being placed on the home pages of the authors or of their institutions, again provided that the source is clearly acknowledged. If excerpts from other copyrighted works are included, the Author(s) must obtain written permission from the copyright owners and credit the source(s) in the article. Elsevier has pre-printed forms for use by Authors in these cases: contact Elsevier’s Rights Department, Oxford, UK: phone (þ44) 1865 843830, fax (þ44) 1865 853333, e-mail permissions@elsevier. com. Requests may also be completed on-line via the Elsevier home page (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/permissions).
Further questions Should you have any further queries or are uncertain whether a particular topic might or might not be suitable for inclusion in Mycological Research, please do not hesitate to contact the Senior Editor directly. Any technical difficulties encountered in submitting manuscripts electronically should, however, be addressed by use of one of the appropriate Elsevier Author helplines which are operational 24 h every day.
journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/mycres
Mycological Research: instructions and guidelines for authors 2008 David L. HAWKSWORTH* Departamento de Biologı´a Vegetal II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramo`n y Cajal, Ciudad Universitaria, ES-28040 Madrid, Spain; and Department of Botany, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK
article info
abstract
Article history:
Instructions and guidelines for authors submitting papers to Mycological Research are
Received 5 December 2007
provided. The journal is international and covers all fields of mycology, both fundamental
Accepted 7 December 2007
and applied. It publishes news items, reviews, original papers, and book reviews. Contribu-
Corresponding Editor:
tions should be of interest to a wide spectrum of mycologists or make significant novel
David L. Hawksworth
contributions. Papers with particularly exciting results are fast-tracked and prioritized
Keywords
(ees.elsevier.com/mycres); hard copy submissions are no longer accepted. Information is
Editorial policy
provided on: scope and timeliness; submission of articles; manuscript preparation;
Manuscript preparation
tables; illustrations; spellings, numbers, chemical symbols, and abbreviations; voucher
Scope
material; molecular data; taxonomic data; references; the decision-making process; copy-
Submissions
right; author’s copies; proofs; and further questions.
for publication. Submission must be made online via the Elsevier Editotial System
.
Scope and timeliness Mycological Research is an international journal, owned by the British Mycological Society, which covers all fields of mycology, whether fundamental or applied. These include biodiversity, biocontrol, biotechnology, cytology, developmental biology, ecology, evolution food spoilage, genetics, genomics, industrial applications, interactions, pathology (animal, insect, medical and plant), phylogenetics, physiology, systematics, taxonomy, and ultrastructure. It covers all organisms historically or recently recognized as fungi, including lichenfungi, microsporidia, oomycetes, slime moulds, straminipiles, and yeasts. Contributions should be of interest to a wide spectrum of mycologists, or make significant novel contributions. Items of more local or extremely specialized interest will not normally be considered, unless of especial scientific merit or if providing examples of situations or phenomena that might
* Corresponding author. E-mail address: [email protected] 0953-7562/$ – see front matter doi:10.1016/S0953-7562(08)00011-7
be of more general applicability. Reports of plant diseases or particular fungi in a country, species lists, medical case reports, and descriptions of new species are generally not appropriate. However, exceptions may be made if material of wider interest is included in the paper, such as keys to species or new molecular insights into relationships of the group, or the fungi involved are of particular interest as pathogens, biocontrol agents, have unusual features, or producers of bioactive compounds. Contributions to Mycological Research News should be topical, controversial, draw attention to significant work published elsewhere, or be comments relating to papers published in the journal. Review articles are generally invited, but suggestions for topics and offers of review articles are always welcome; Mycological Research also publishes review articles from time to time. Book Reviews are included as space permits, with a focus on those of broad mycological interest or which constitute major syntheses; books and CDs for
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consideration for inclusion in this section should be sent by the publishers to the Senior Editor in the first instance. In addition, particular issues may be devoted to one theme, or comprises papers presented at a particular scientific meeting; suggestions for theme issues or enquiries as to the publication of a series of papers from a meeting are most welcome – and should be addressed to the Senior Editor. Obituaries are generally restricted to former President’s or Honorary Members of the British Mycological Society, or mycologists who are Fellows of the Royal Society of London. Mycological Research is especially keen to maintain its reputation of publishing papers as promptly as possible after acceptance. All reviews and original papers are published online in Elsevier’s Science Direct as soon as final corrections to the proofs have been made. Online publication is generally 12 weeks ahead of the publication of the printed versions. Papers with particularly exciting ground-breaking results or of immediate economic interest will be fast-tracked and prioritized for publication online and also as hard copy in the next issue available after acceptance, usually in 12–16 weeks. Regular papers generally appear in hard copy 16–20 weeks after acceptance. There are no restrictions as to length, and papers of 2–50 printed pages will be considered, although those of 30 or more pages would have to be of wide interest or long-lasting value, such as major review articles or definitive monographs of particular groups of fungi. There are no page charges, and no charges for the use of colour where these are agreed as necessary or desirable by the Corresponding Editor and Senior Editor. There is no requirement for authors to be members of the British Mycological Society. Supplementary information, and also coloured versions of figures reproduced in black-and-white in the printed version can, however, be included with or in the online version of the paper posted on Science Direct. The British Mycological Society delegates to the Senior Editor decisions as to whether submitted papers are appropriate for consideration for inclusion, final acceptance, and the make-up of particular issues.
Submission of articles All reviews and original research papers must be submitted online through the home page of the journal in the Elsevier Editorial System (http://ees.elsevier.com/mycres) or via the Author Gateway page for the journal (http://authors.elsevier. com/). The system guides authors stepwise through the creation and uploading of the various files. Help-lines are detailed should difficulties be experienced with particular parts of the process. Note that it is essential to give a fax number as well as an e-mail address when submitting a manuscript. The Elsevier Editorial System automatically converts source files to a single Adobe Acrobat PDF version of the article, which is used in the peer-review process. However, even though manuscript source files are converted to PDF at submission for the review process, these source files are needed for further processing after acceptance. All correspondence, including editorial decisions and requests for revision, take place by e-mail and via the homepage established for each
D. L. Hawksworth
corresponding author in the electronic system, removing the need for a hard copy paper trail and accelerating the review and revision process. However, items for consideration in Mycological Research News and texts of Book Reviews, must be sent as e-mail attachments in Microsoft Word directly to the Senior Editor. Hard copy e-mail attachments and disk submissions of papers are no longer accepted by the journal. Submission of an article implies that the work described has not been published previously (except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture or academic thesis), that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere, that its publication is approved by all authors, and tacitly or explicitly by the responsible authorities where the work was carried out, and that, if accepted, it will not be published elsewhere in the same form, in English or in any other language, without the written consent of the copyright holder. If it emerges that a paper submitted to Mycological Research has also been submitted to one or more other journals, it will automatically be rejected and future submissions from that author (or authors) will not be considered by the journal.
Manuscript preparation Please write your text in good English in the first person, i.e. use I/we not the author/the present authors (etc.).
First page The first page of the manuscript should show the title of the paper, names of authors and their affiliations, a running title, key words, and an abstract.
Title The title should be concise and informative as these are often used in information-retrieval systems. They should not include authorities of scientific names, or formulae, but may employ abbreviations accepted in the journal (Table 1). Numbered series are not accepted, but footnotes indicating that papers form part of a series or a numbered contribution from a particular institution can be placed in a footnote.
Author names and affiliations The first (or generally used) forename and surname are given in full. Where the family name may be ambiguous (e.g. a double name), please indicate this clearly. Indicate all affiliations with a lower-case superscript letter immediately after the author’s name and in front of the appropriate address. Provide the full postal address of each affiliation, including the country name and post or zip code. If an author has moved since the work described in the article was done, or was visiting at the time, the present address may be indicated as a footnote to that Author’s name.
Instructions and guidelines for authors 2008
Table 1 – Some commonly used abbreviations and contractions that may be used in Mycological Research manuscripts without definition absorbance acceleration due to gravity adenosine-50 -diphosphate adenosine-50 -monophosphate adenosine-50 -triphosphate adenosine triphosphatase amplified fragment length anamorph approximately aqueous arbuscular mycorrhizal average base pair boiling point bootstrap calculated circa coefficient communication compare concentrated concentration Consistency Index constant counts per minute cultivar(s) cyclic adenosine monophosphate degrees of freedom deoxyribonucleic acid diameter Differential Interference Contrast dilute dry weight enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay equation equivalent et alia Figure(s) gas–liquid chromatography genus, new giga Gigatonnes Greenwich Mean Time height high-pressure liquid chromatography Homoplasy Index hydrogen ion, minus log concentration immunofluorescence immunosorbent electron microscopy infrared inorganic orthophosphate inorganic pyrophoshate inner diameter insoluble Intergeneric Spacer Internal Transcribed Spacer International Code of Botanical Nomenclature Junior Large Subunit Light microscopy litre log to base 10
A g ADP AMP ATP ATPase AFLP anam. approx. aq. AM av. bp b.p. BS calc. ca coeff. comm. cfr conc. concn. CI const. c min1 cv. (cvs) cAMP D.F. DNA diam DIC dil. D.W. ELISA eqn equiv. et al. Fig (Figs) glc gen. nov. G Gt GMT ht hplc HI pH (plural pH values) IF ISEM IR
Pi PPi i.d. insol. IGS ITS Code jr LSU LM l log
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Table 1 (continued) log to base e (natural log) Marcov Chain Monte Carlo maximum Maximum Likelihood Maximum Parsimony maximum velocity melting point messenger ribonucleic acid Michaelis constant million minimum minute mitochondrial molecular weight national grid reference near ultraviolet Neighbour Joining nicotinamide adenosine dinucleotide not seen nuclear number observed outer diameter page, pages parts per million per per cent personal Polymerase Chain Reaction Posterior Probability preparation precipitate probability radius Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA relative humidity Rescaled Consistency Index Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Retention Index revolutions per minute ribonucleic acid ribosomal ribonucleic acid scanning electron microscopy Simple Sequence Repeat Small Subunit soluble solution species standard deviation standard error of mean synonym teleomorph temperature thousand thin-layer chromatography tonnes transmission electron microscopy ultraviolet variety volume weight
ln MCMC max. ML MP Vmax m.p. mRNA Km M min. min mt mol. wt N.G.R. NUV
NJ NAD n.v. nuc no. obs. o.d. p., pp. ppm 1
% pers. PCR PP prep. ppt. P r RAPD RH RC RFLP RI rev min1 RNA rRNA SEM SSR SSU sol. soln sp., spp. (plural) S.D. S.E.M. syn. teleom. temp. K tlc T TEM UV
var. vol. wt
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Corresponding author Clearly indicate who is willing to handle correspondence at all stages of refereeing and publication, also post-publication. Ensure that e-mail and full postal address, as well as telephone and fax numbers (with country and area code) are provided on the first page.
Running title Suggest an abbreviated title of not more than ten words that could be used on alternate pages in the printed version of the text.
Abstract
D. L. Hawksworth
Australia) or country name (if this is unlikely to be self-evident). Proprietary materials must be patented prior to publication (so that they can be released). Further and most critically, voucher material (see below) of the fungi or other organisms used in the work must be preserved in a specified public collection. Submissions including original observations and/or experimental data that are not supported by voucher specimens will not normally be accepted for publication. Exceptions may include review articles, theoretical and modelling studies, and some types of ecological investigations.
Results
The abstract must be concise and factual, stating briefly the purpose of the research, the principal results, major conclusions, and listing any new scientific names introduced (with basionyms and(or) replaced synomyms placed in brackets where appropriate in brackets, but without author citations). As an abstract is often presented separately from the article in online systems and bibliographic databases, it must be able to stand alone. References are therefore not be cited in abstracts. Abstracts should not exceed 200 words in length.
Results should be clear and concise. Numerical data that lack statistical analyses may be valueless, and will not be published. Data from a sufficient number of independent experiments should be reported to permit evaluation of the reproducibility and significance of results. When any significance is claimed, the test of significance used should be stated, and an estimate of the probability given. If you use complex statistical transformations a few lines of explanation in plain English of the purpose and the outcome of the test should be provided as well as references to the sources of the software packages or formulae employed.
Key words
Taxonomy
Suggest five key words that are different from any used in the title, which will assist in the electronic retrieval of your article.
Any formal taxonomic material should be placed in a separate section, preceding the Discussion. This includes the introduction of new scientific names, diagnoses and descriptions, typifications, keys, nomenclatural discussions, and lists of specimens or cultures examined. See below for further information on the presentation of specialist taxonomic information.
Abbreviations Define abbreviations that are not standard in this field at their first occurrence in the article: in the abstract but also in the main text after it. Ensure consistency of abbreviations throughout the article. A list of abbreviations that can be used without definition is included in Table 1.
Introduction Place the work in context, remembering that the readership will be already familiar with pertinent mycological terminology. Key previous work providing the background to the study should be cited, but this is not the place for a detailed literature review, unless the contribution is a review article. The objectives of the work must be clearly stated, but there should be no summary of the results obtained.
Materials and methods Provide sufficient detail to allow the work to be reproduced. Methods already published should be indicated by a reference; only relevant modifications from previously published protocols should be described. All materials must be available to others. This means that commercial sources of purchased products used must be identified with the name of the company (excluding indications as to corporate status such as plc, Ltd, pty, GmBh, S.A., etc), the town where they are based, and either the Zip Code acronym of the state (for North America,
Scientific names In accordance with the changes made in the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature at the St Louis Congress in 1999, author citations of scientific names are not used in Mycological Research unless the papers are taxonomic or nomenclatural. Further, in those cases author citations are only used where either the date of publication of the name, or the full bibliographical reference to the place of original publication is given. Where only the year is given, it is not placed in parentheses and the reference is not given in full in the list of References (details can be located through the Index Fungorum database if required). Author citations for the names of host plants, insects and other organisms mentioned are not given under any circumstances. Scientific names of all ranks are placed in italic type (e.g. Ascomycota, Boletales, Fungi, Glomaceae), as in the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature. For consistency, this practice is followed for all groups of organisms in Mycological Research, including those covered by the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Names not used as formal scientific ones are placed in regular type and do not start with a capital letter (e.g. ascomycetes, basidiomycetes, fungi, penicillia, pyrenomycetes). Names of cultivars (cultivated
Instructions and guidelines for authors 2008
varieties) of cultivated plants are not placed in italic type but prefixed by ‘cv.’ without single inverted commas (e.g. Triticum aestivale cv. Golden Ear). Names of hybrids are indicated by a multiplication sign in Roman type immediately in front of the hybrid genus or specific name, with no space (e.g. Melampsoracolumbiana). When first used in the paper, and at the start of each new section, the genus name is to be given in full. Where the name is repeated, the genus name is abbreviated to its initial letter (e.g. Chaetomium globosum to C. globosum) except at the start of a new sentence. Common names of fungi and hosts should not be capitalized or placed in quotation marks, and where available follow standard lists of common names or ones used in quarantine or conservation legislation (e.g. British Society for Plant Pathology, 1984; Stace, New Flora of the British Isles, 1991; Holden, Recommended English Names for Fungi in the UK, 2003).
Discussion This should explore the significance of the results of the work, not repeat them, and place them in a wider context. A combined ‘Results and Discussion’ section may be acceptable in some circumstances. It should identify further work necessary to further test the conclusions or follow-up work, but not state what the authors are themselves doing or planning to do.
Conclusions A separate Conclusions section will not normally be necessary as the key conclusions are expected to be in the Abstract.
Acknowledgements Place acknowledgements, including information on grants received, in a separate section before the references (We thank names of any individuals thanked should be given without any academic title, the full forename, and, if considered desirable also the name of the institution or town where they are based). Collections of specimens and cultures can be referred to solely by their internationally recognized acronyms. The first person should be used throughout, i.e. ‘‘We thank .’’ and not ‘‘The authors thank ..’’
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case of phylogenetic trees, values of pertinent indices. Captions should not be included with graphics files including figures. Figures and tables should be numbered consecutively in accordance with their appearance in the text. Elements of composite figures and tables should be indicated by capital letters rather than numerals, i.e. Fig 2 A–E and not Fig 2 a–e or Figs 2–5.
Appendices Appendices should normally be avoided, but if considered essential and not suitable for inclusion only as online Supplementary Data by the Corresponding Editor and Senior Editor, they should be presented in the same form as Tables.
Supplementary data Elsevier accepts electronic supplementary material (e-components) to support and enhance papers included in Mycological Research. Supplementary files offer additional possibilities of publishing additional supporting data, colour versions of figures that are in black-and-white in the printed version, movies, animation sequences, high-resolution images, background datasets, sound clips, and more. Supplementary files are published online alongside the electronic version of articles in Elsevier Web products, including Science Direct (http://www.sciencedirect.com). In order to ensure that submitted supplementary material is directly usable, such data must be provided in one of Elsevier’s recommended file formats. Authors should submit the material in electronic format together with the article and supply a concise and descriptive caption for each file. For more detailed instructions see the artwork instruction pages at http://authors.elsevier.com/artwork.
Tables Vertical rules are to be avoided, and horizontal rules minimized. Data in each column are justified left and not centred in each column. Where listing strains within a species, or making other subordinate groupings of data, use bold type for the main categories and inset subordinate ones. Place footnotes to tables below the table body, and indicate them with superscript lower-case letters, and not numerals.
References
Illustrations See below.
Footnotes Footnotes are generally to be avoided, but where used are numbered consecutively through the whole paper and placed in smaller type.
Figure and table captions Present these, in this order, at the end of the article, starting on separate pages. They must be self-explanatory, and legends can include supplementary information on methods used or, in the
A detailed guide on electronic artwork is available on Elsevier’s website: http://authors.elsevier.com/artwork. Authors are urged to visit this site d only excerpts from the detailed information are given here.
Formats Regardless of the application used, when your electronic artwork is finalised, please ‘save as’ or convert the images to one of the following formats. Note the resolution requirements for line drawings, halftones, and line/halftone combinations given below:
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D. L. Hawksworth
EPS TIFF TIFF TIFF
DOC, XLS or PPT
Vector drawings. Embed the font or save the text as ‘graphics’. Colour or greyscale photographs (halftones): always use a minimum of 300 dpi. Bitmapped line drawings: use a minimum of 1000 dpi. Combinations bitmapped line/half-tone (colour or greyscale): a minimum of 500 dpi is required. If the electronic artwork is created in any of these Microsoft Office applications please supply ‘as is’.
Do not supply: (1) embedded graphics in a wordprocessor (spreadsheet, presentation) document; (2) files that are optimised for screen use (like GIF, BMP, PICT, WPG) as the resolution is too low; (3) files that are too low in resolution; or (4) graphics that are disproportionately large for the content. Illustrations should be prepared so that they can be printed at single-column or full-page width (i.e. 8.5 cm or 17.5 cm wide). The height of figures should either allow for the legends to be included below them in the same column or page, or the full page height (i.e. 24 cm) should be used with the legends to appear on the opposite page (or adjoining column).
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Colour illustrations The decision to use colour reproduction in print is made by the Executive Editor on the recommendation of the Corresponding Editor and in consultation with Elsevier when the paper is accepted; there is no charge levied on authors for the use of colour in the printed version. If, together with the accepted article, usable colour figures are submitted then Elsevier will ensure, at no additional charge, that these figures will appear in colour on the Web (e.g. ScienceDirect and other sites) regardless of whether or not these illustrations are reproduced in colour in the printed version. The preference of author’s for colour in print or on the Web should be made clear at the final stage of acceptance when all revisions are completed. For further information on the preparation of electronic artwork, see http://authors.elsevier.com/artwork.
Spelling, numbers, measurements, chemical symbols, and abbreviations Spelling English (not American) spellings are required, and should follow The Concise Oxford Dictionary (Oxford: Clarendon Press). Words of non-English origin, like bona fide, prima facie, ex tipo, in vitro, in situ, sensu stricto, versus, or their abbreviations (see below) should be in italic type.
Both ‘-ized’ and ‘-ised’ spellings are acceptable, but should be used consistently within an article. Single quotes should be used throughout for quotations or to indicate colloquialisms or doubt. Double quotes should only be used for a quotation within material being copied. Hyphens should be used only where two nouns are joined, and never between adjectives (e.g. ‘yellow-green’ not ‘yellow green’, ‘yellowish green’ not ‘yellowish-green’). They are not used where a prefix is involved (e.g. ‘coevolution’ not ‘coevolution’, ‘microorganism’ not ‘micro-organism’). A comma is used preceding the final ‘and’ in lists including three or more items (e.g. ‘magnitude, significance, and conservation’).
Numbers and measurements Formulae and equations should be given separate numbering in bold type: (1), (2), etc., adjusted to the right-hand margin. Light microscopic measurements must be adjusted to the nearest 0.5 mm to avoid giving a misleading impression of accuracy. Outliers from the main range of sizes can be placed in parentheses, and means given in italic where considered desirable, e.g. (15-)17.5-19.5-22(-24) mm. Authors are encouraged to indicate the number of measurements made by using the notation ‘(n ¼ 115)’, and to provide statistical information where appropriate. Names of months more than four letters long are given in full in the main text and abbreviated to the first three letters in tables and in the citation of collections or isolates (e.g. Jan., Feb.). Numbers in the text up to and including ten (and also fractions) are to be spelled out unless followed by a unit of measurement, or where confusion could otherwise result. Avoid using numbers at the start of sentences wherever possible, and where this is unavoidable they should be spelled out. Except at the start of a sentence, numerals are used for measures, with a space between the number and the unit of measurement (e.g. 10 mm not 10mm, 10 % not 10 %, 10 C not 10 C). Exceptions are: degrees of angles, latitude or longitude (e.g. 54 N is correct), and the use of K and M for thousands and millions respectively (e.g. 2M). For numbers over 9999, a space is used to separate the thousands units (i.e. 9999 but 10 000). A decimal point must always be preceded by a numeral (e.g. 1.2, 0.2), and decimal values should be rounded up or down to three significant figures (e.g. 17.83 mm becomes 17.8 mm). Use SI unit symbols, but note that ‘L’ (litre) and ‘ml’ are acceptable exceptions to this rule, but should be consistent throughout an article. Use the form ‘mg m3’, and not ‘mg per m3’ or ‘mg/m3’, when indicating concentrations or time intervals. Use the 24 hour clock.
Chemical symbols Chemical symbols are to be avoided in the text, and the name of the substance given in full. Exceptions are made for papers where the chemistry is the main focus, when a substance is
Instructions and guidelines for authors 2008
referred to frequently (give full name plus abbreviation in first instance), or when a list of substances is given. In tables or figures, amino acids and sugars can be abbreviated to three-letter symbols (e.g. Ala, Arg, Asn, Asp, Ara, Fru, Gal, Glc). For sequences, amino acids can be abbreviated to the conventional single letter code but this practice should generally be limited to the figures and should not be used in the body of the text. Use the full systematic name of any enzyme at first mention, including the Enzyme Commission (EC) number. Subsequently, a trivial name or abbreviation can be used. Isotopically labelled compounds are designated as: [U-14C]D-glucose (uniformly labelled), D-[2-3H]glucose, [35S]-methionine. If in doubt consult the Amersham International Catalogue.
Abbreviations For abbreviations that can be used without definition see Table 1. Other abbreviations and acronyms should be defined or given in full the first time they are used in the paper unless very widely understood (e.g. FAO, UNESCO). Acronyms do not have points between letters (i.e. BMS and not B.M.S.). Use a full point if an abbreviation finishes with a consonant (e.g. ‘Prof.’), but contractions where the first and last letters are retained appear without any final punctuation (e.g. ‘Dr’).
Voucher material In order for other researchers to verify results reported in the journal, voucher material must be both permanently preserved and accessible. Dried reference specimens, slides, and(or) living cultures should be deposited in a public institution, for example ones recognized in Index Herbariorum or the World Directory of Collections of Cultures of Microorganisms. Where a large number of collections was used, the deposit of a representative selection of strains is acceptable. Deposited material should be indicated by the accepted acronym for the collection, followed by the accession number allocated to the strain (e.g. CBS 116947). In the case of living cultures, where technically feasible these should be cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen or lyophilized. Information as to the country of origin, state or province, locality, substrate or associated organism (e.g. insect host), date, and the name of the isolator/collector should be provided as a minimum requirement. The deposit of voucher material is a requirement for publication in the journal, and applies to papers in all areas of mycology and not just to systematic studies. This requirement may be waived only in exceptional cases, and papers will not normally be accepted for publication if no statement as to where voucher material has been deposited is provided.
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generated sequences and alignments are deposited in publicly available databases such as GenBank or TreeBASE prior to publication. The accession numbers allocated to sequences and alignments by such databases must be included in contributions, but may be added at the final revision stage. However, many referees wish to check sequence data and alignments during the review process, so if those generated in the paper are not already publicly available, authors should include these as supplementary material when making their submission. Many terms and methods used in molecular studies are now so well-established and familiar that they need not be spelled out in full even at first mention, but referred to by abbreviations or acronyms (Table 1).
Taxonomic data New scientific names These are placed in bold Roman type, followed by the author citation in normal type, and then an indication of the rank or transfer in bold (e.g. sp. nov., comb. nov.) as shown in Fig 1. Following the acceptance of a paper with new scientific names, authors must register the names in MycoBank and obtain MycoBank numbers for each new name (see http:// www.MycoBank.org). These are to be given immediately below the name, and the actual numbers can be added in proof if not already secured. This registration became a condition of publication of all new scientific names in the journal on 1 January 2007. Note that, in the spirit of the current International Code of Botanical Nomenclature, it is not the policy of Mycological Research to publish papers introducing new formal names for the anamorphs of already described teleomorphic fungi. Further, authors are expected to use the full provisions of the Code, as revised in Vienna in 2005, to avoid the unnecessary creation of new names in pleomorphic fungi. The derivation of new scientific names is to be given before the diagnosis or description in 1–2 lines starting with ‘Etym.:’.
A Xerocomus parasiticus (Bull.) Quél., Fl. Mycol.: 418 (1888). Synonyms: Boletus parasiticus Bull., Herb. Fr.: 371 (1790) : Fr., Syst. Mycol. 1: 389 (1821). Pseudoboletus parasiticus (Bull.) Šutara, eská Mykol. 45: 2 (1991).
B Colletogloeopsis zuluense (M.J. Wingf., Crous & T.A. Court) M.N. Cortinas, M.J. Wingf. & Crous, comb. nov. MycoBank No.: MB 492056 Basionym: Coniothyrium zuluense M.J. Wingf., Crous & T.A. Court, Mycopathologia 136: 142 (1997).
C Molecular data Mycological Research discourages the inclusion of extensive sets of sequence data or alignments, but requires that newly
Chaetosphaeria tortuosa Réblová, Seifert & G.P. White, sp. nov. MycoBank No.: MB 497232
Fig 1 – Examples of presentation of taxonomic information. (A) Synonymy. (B) New combination. (C) New species.
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Latin diagnoses should be brief and concentrate on the characters differentiating the new taxon from others. Latin descriptions that are merely translations of the English description included are not acceptable. The use of paragraphs starting with italicised topic heads such as ‘Anamorph:’, ‘Host range:’, ‘Distribution:’, ‘Nomenclature:’, or ‘Observations:’ is encouraged.
D. L. Hawksworth
3(2)
Conidia 3-septate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Conidia 0-septate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
4(3)
Phialides arising singly, terminal on 1–3-septate metulae; phialide apex strongly curved downwards away from the main stipe; conidia 16–26 x 3–4.5 µm; Phialophora-like synanamorph; ascospores fusiform, 3septate, 21–29 x 4–5.5(-6) µm; asci (100-)115–150 x 8.5–11.5 µm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . glauca Phialides arising in groups of 2–9, the cluster having a digitate appearance, terminal or lateral on short, branched or unbranched metulae; phialide apex strainght or curved very gently; conidia 18–25 x 3.5–4 µm; ascospores fusiform, 3-septate, 19–24 x 5–6 µm; asci (110-)120–133(145) x 12–14 µm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . tortuosa
Basionyms The basionyms of new combinations are indicated below the formal transfer after the line with the MycoBank number, and on a new line starting with ‘Basionym’; this must include the full bibliographic details of the place of publication of the basionym (Fig 1B).
Fig 2 – Extract from a portion of a dichotomous key.
first time and a holotype (and any isotypes) is being designated.
Synonyms
Keys
In formal taxonomic presentations, synonyms should be listed in order of date, and grouped so that homotypic (obligate, nomenclatural) synonyms occur together. Each should appear on a new line, with any over-run indented (Fig 1A), and the type details can be placed immediately after the appropriate name or under Specimens examined at the end of the account of that fungus. See Fig 1A. ‘h’ and ‘¼’ are not to be used in presentations of lists of synonyms. The place of publication of scientific names given in the body of the paper must be abbreviated, following Stafelu & Cowans´s Taxonomic Literature (for books), and any of Botanico Periodicum Huntianum or The World List of Scientific Periodicals or the Catalogue of Scientific Periodicals in the British Museum (Natural History) for journals. Contrary to the general practice in the journal (see above), abbreviations of authors names are always to be cited after scientific names in formal presentations of synonymy. Abbreviations must follow the system used in the Index Fungorum database (available free on the internet). If an author’s name is not in the database, the surname should be given in full, and also full initials if there is a different person with the same surname already in the system (in some cases forenames are spelled out in full to avoid confusion). The use of ‘:’ to indicate the sanctioned status of a name in author citations is not recommended, but it should always be employed after the full bibliographic reference to the place of publication of a name. The ‘:’ is only correctly used before a ‘Fr.’ or ‘Pers.’ and has a space either side (i.e. ‘Bolt. : Fr.’ not ‘Bolt. : Fr.’) as shown in Fig 1A. Note that in some cases ‘ex’ may also be correct in the same position where the name was not validly published by the first indicated author. Where epitypes, neotypes or lectotypes are being designated for the first time, the phrase ‘lectotypus hic designatus’ (or with a different prefix depending on the kind of type) should appear in bold italic type after the citation of the name or specimen being selected as the nomenclatural type. This is not necessary where taxa are being described for the
Keys are presented at full-page width and must be strictly dichotomous. The characters in each half of a couplet must match, though supplementary information may also be added where a taxon keys out. The number of the couplet from which a particular point was reached is indicated in parenthesis, turn-overs are indented, and there is a line space between each couplet. Taxon names are printed in bold Roman where they key out, and without the generic name if the key relates only to species in the same genus. An example of an extract from a key is shown in Fig 2.
Specimen citations Details of specimens and cultures examined are grouped at the end of species accounts and printed in smaller type. The information should be organized in the following way: Specimen examined: United Kingdom: South Devon (V.C. 3): Slapton, Slapton Ley National Nature Reserve, ‘The Causeway’, 20(SX)/821442, alt. 10 m, on thallus of Parmelia sulcata on Salix sp., 25 Jun. 1974, D. L. Hawksworth 3762 (IMI 186831 – holotype of Cornutispora lichenicola).
Material from different countries is arranged alphabetically by country, with a separating bold ‘d’ between records from different countries. Different states or counties within a country are separated by a ‘.’, and material from the same state or county is separated by a ‘;’. Citations of holotype collections of newly described species are to be arranged in the same way, but are placed immediately after the Latin diagnosis, with ‘d holotypus’ added after the collection acronym.
References Citations in the text Please ensure that every reference cited in the text is also present in the reference list (and vice versa). Unpublished results, personal communications, references to websites (unless the work is also available in hard copy and dated),
Instructions and guidelines for authors 2008
are not to be included in the reference list unless and also available in printed form, but website- only sources are to be detailed in the text with the website address in parenthesis immediately after the name of the person, organization, or program (without the date when they were accessed). Citation of a reference as ‘in press’ implies that the item has been accepted for publication, and the year of expected publication is to be used; it is expected that in most cases authors will add volume and page numbers in proof. References to papers ‘submitted’, ‘in revision’ or in ‘preparation’ are not acceptable. References to personal communications or unpublished work should include the forename of the person, or if the person is an author of the paper, their full initials (e.g. John Smith, pers. comm. when not a coauthor; J.S., unpubl. when a coauthor). All citations in the text should be in one of three forms: (1) Single author: the author’s name (without initials, unless there is ambiguity) and the year of publication; (2) Two authors: both authors’ names linked by an ampersand (&) and the year of publication; or (3) Three or more authors: the first author’s name followed by ‘et al.’ and the year of publication. Citations may be made directly (or parenthetically). Groups of references should be listed chronologically. Examples: ‘as demonstrated (Allan 1996a, b, 1999; Allan & Jones 1995)’, and ‘Allan & Kramer (1996) and Kramer et al. (2000) have recently shown..’ Where a quotation from a work is being reproduced, add the page number(s) after a ‘:’ (e.g. Allan 1996a: 361).
List of References References should be arranged first alphabetically and then further sorted chronologically if necessary. More than one reference from the same author(s) in the same year must be identified by the letters ‘a’, ‘b’, ‘c’, etc., placed after the year of publication. Part numbers within volumes of journals are not cited unless each part is numbered separately. Where a work was published in a different year from that printed on it, the actual year of publication is to be used in the text, and the form ‘‘1980 [‘1979’]’’ in the reference list where 1980 was the actual year of publication.
Examples: An Z (ed.), 2004 [‘2005’]. Handbook of Industrial Mycology. [Mycology Series No. 22.] Marcel Dekker, New York. Strunk jr W, White EB, 1979. The Elements of Style, 3rd edn. Macmillan, New York. van der Geer J, Hanraads JAJ, Lupton RA, 2000. The art of writing a scientific article. Journal of the Scientific Community 163: 51–59. Yarrow D, 1998. Methods for the isolation, maintenance and identification of yeasts. In: Kurtzman CP, Fell JW (eds), The Yeasts: a taxonomic study, 4th edn. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 77–100.
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The decision-making process Each paper submitted will normally be allocated to an Editor, who will be responsible for selecting specialist peer reviewers, liaising with authors, approving revisions, and making recommendations to the Senior Editor. However, because of the large numbers papers submitted, those that are not considered suitable for consideration for inclusion in Mycological Research by virtue of their topic will be rejected on the decision of the Senior Editor or corresponding Editor without review. This procedure means that authors will then be able to resubmit to a more appropriate journal with the minimum of delay. Corresponding Editors normally select two reviewers, but may also act as one of those themselves. Authors are asked to provide the names of 3-5 possible reviewers with specialist knowledge of the subject of their papers when submitting manuscripts. These must be persons based in an institution different from that of the author(s) of the paper. The reviewers suggested may or may not be approached at the discretion of the corresponding Editor. The corresponding Editor has the authority to authorize the rejection of papers directly, having taken into account the reports on them received. In the case of papers that have received satisfactory reviews and been revised as necessary, corresponding Editors may recommend a paper be accepted for regular or fast-track publication, or inclusion if space permits. Their recommendations are generally followed, but the final decision on acceptance rests with the Senior Editor. In cases where authors have been asked to revise their papers, if the revisions are not received within four months of being requested, the contribution will normally be treated as a new submission, unless there are extenuating circumstances where the corresponding Editor may use discretion.
Author copies Authors receive either 50 free offprints or a free high resolution PDF file. Additional offprints can be ordered when the corrected proofs are returned.
Proofs When your accepted manuscript is received by the Publisher it is considered to be in its final form. Proofs are not to be regarded as drafts. One set of page proofs in PDF format will be sent by e-mail to the corresponding author, to be checked for typesetting/ editing. No changes in, or additions to, the accepted (and subsequently edited) manuscript will be allowed at this stage. Proofreading is solely the author’s responsibility. A form with any queries from the copyeditor will accompany the proofs. Please answer all queries and make any corrections or additions required. Mycological Research will do everything possible to get the article corrected and published as quickly and accurately as possible. In order to do this the full and prompt co-operation
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of authors is needed. When the (PDF) proof of an article for correction is received, it is important to ensure that all corrections are sent back to Elsevier in one communication. Subsequent corrections will not be possible, so please ensure your first sending is complete; as soon as these corrections have been made, papers will be published online on Science Direct. This does not mean that there is any less time to make corrections, just that only one set of corrections will be accepted and changes cannot be made once publication online has taken place.
Copyright Under the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, copyright in the typographical arrangement of all papers and other items published in Mycological Research rests with the British Mycological Society. Upon acceptance of an article, Authors will be asked to transfer copyright to the British Mycological Society (for more information on copyright see http://authors. elsevier.com). This transfer will ensure the widest possible dissemination of information. A form facilitating transfer of copyright will be sent to the Corresponding Author. Before any paper or part of a paper is reproduced, except of activities permitted under Chapter III of the above Act, the consent of the Society must be obtained through the Executive Editor. Copyright in the typographical arrangement is distinct from ownership of the copyright of the literary work represented by the text and artistic work represented in graphic and photographic components of individual papers. In most cases the literary and artistic copyrights will remain the
D. L. Hawksworth
property of the author(s) of the paper and/or their employers (Section II of the Act). However, it is the policy of Mycological Research to allow authors to use their own figures and illustrations in any other works of which they are the author or a coauthor, without restriction or any need to consult the Society, provided that the original place of publication is acknowledged. The Society also has no objection to PDF copies of published papers being placed on the home pages of the authors or of their institutions, again provided that the source is clearly acknowledged. If excerpts from other copyrighted works are included, the Author(s) must obtain written permission from the copyright owners and credit the source(s) in the article. Elsevier has pre-printed forms for use by Authors in these cases: contact Elsevier’s Rights Department, Oxford, UK: phone (þ44) 1865 843830, fax (þ44) 1865 853333, e-mail permissions@elsevier. com. Requests may also be completed on-line via the Elsevier home page (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/permissions).
Further questions Should you have any further queries or are uncertain whether a particular topic might or might not be suitable for inclusion in Mycological Research, please do not hesitate to contact the Senior Editor directly. Any technical difficulties encountered in submitting manuscripts electronically should, however, be addressed by use of one of the appropriate Elsevier Author helplines which are operational 24 h every day.