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Navigating the world of adolescent substance abuse treatment through a web-based Consumer Guide
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Abstracts / Drug and Alcohol Dependence 146 (2015) e34–e117
differed in critical and dynamic ways from men’s, providing insight into addressing gender-related health disparities. The higher prevalence of non-violent offenses and increased comorbidities of women, especially treatable substance use disorders, supports alternatives to incarceration strategies. Interventions for HIV+ CJ populations should be gender-specific to effectively align health and justice goals. Financial support: Funding was through a Bristol Myers-Squibb Virology Fellows Award (JM) and career development grants from NIDA (K23 DA033858 JM, F31 DA035709 JC, K24 DA017072 FA). The funding sources played no role in study design, data collection, analysis, or interpretation. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.09.479 Novel genetic variant associated with substance use in two independent populations Jacquelyn L. Meyers 1 , Lynn Almli 4 , Sandro Galea 1 , Alison E. Aiello 2 , Monica Uddin 3 , Derek E. Wildman 3 , Behk Bradley 4 , Kerry J. Ressler 4 , Karestan C. Koenen 1 1
Epidemiology and Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States 2 Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States 3 Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States 4 Psychiatry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States Aims: Risky alcohol, nicotine, and marijuana use are the most common and costly public health problems in the United States. Family, twin and adoption studies have shown that frequency of alcohol, nicotine, and cannabis consumption each have a considerable genetic component, with heritability estimates in the range of 50%. In this study, we report results from a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of frequency of alcohol, nicotine, and marijuana consumption. Methods: Number of alcoholic drinks consumed, number of cigarettes smoked, and marijuana consumed, per using day was retrospectively reported among a large population of 778 individuals of African ancestry from Detroit, Michigan, genotyped on the Illumina HumanOmniExpress Beadchip. Results: GWAS analyses implicated four genome-wide significant effects; one of which was successfully replicated in an independent sample. SNP rs11766060 (p = 6.83 × 10−8 ) located downstream of Even-Skipped Homeobox (EVX1) at 7q15. This finding was successfully replicated (p-value < 0.01) in a population based sample of ∼2000 individuals of African ancestry from Grady Memorial Hospital located in Atlanta, Georgia. Conclusions: In conclusion, we identified and replicated a novel genetic variant, associated with frequency of substance use in two independent populations of African ancestry. These findings can improve the understanding about the etiology of substance use and related disorders. Financial support: NIMH. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.09.480
Navigating the world of adolescent substance abuse treatment through a web-based Consumer Guide Kathleen Meyers, John Cacciola, S. Bates, Kimberly C. Kirby, A.T. McLellan Treatment Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA, United States Aims: Consumers increasingly access the Internet to obtain health related information and quality ratings of various medical providers, and “report cards” are increasingly common. It is disconcerting that the adolescent specialty substance abuse treatment (SAT) system is virtually absent from online review websites. An online guide that illustrates quality features of adolescent SAT is needed for parents seeking help for their children and other interested parties (e.g., referral sources, purchasers of treatment, adolescents themselves). Thus, we developed an online Consumer Guide to Adolescent SAT. Methods: While quality problems in SAT have generated broad concern, there is no widely recognized process to rate the quality of SAT programs in a clinically comprehensive manner. There are however guidelines and models to assess quality. Using scientific evidence, expert review, and stakeholder input, a multistep research and development process was employed: reviewed the scientific literature, created a program interview and audit procedure to ‘score’ the programs, vetted this with experts, tested the program quality evaluation in community SAT clinics, and vetted the website itself with user groups (e.g., parents, physicians, judges). Results: A transportable protocol now exists for implementation within municipalities or networks of providers to obtain a science-based comparative review of SAT programs. The website includes: user-friendly educational material on understanding the nature of SAT quality; a navigator function that asks core questions about a youth’s potential service needs and identifies programs by location, type, and quality profile; and resources for additional support. Conclusions: This protocol and the resulting Consumer Guide serves two critical purposes: inform and direct an individual consumer’s purchase; and improve the service marketplace as informed consumers are essential to improving availability, quality and costs of services, particularly in healthcare. Financial support: P50 DA027841. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.09.481 Trajectories of neighborhood disorder, alcohol initiation, and alcohol use among urban adolescents Adam J. Milam 1,2 , C. Debra M. Furr-Holden 1 , Philip J. Leaf 1 , Nicholas Ialongo 1 1 Mental Health, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States 2 School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
Aims: Initiation of alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs (ATOD) use closely follows opportunities to use ATOD. The transition from opportunity to use to initial use also is influenced by the age of the individual during initial opportunity; as the age at first opportunity to use increases the time from opportunity to initial use
Abstracts / Drug and Alcohol Dependence 146 (2015) e34–e117
differed in critical and dynamic ways from men’s, providing insight into addressing gender-related health disparities. The higher prevalence of non-violent offenses and increased comorbidities of women, especially treatable substance use disorders, supports alternatives to incarceration strategies. Interventions for HIV+ CJ populations should be gender-specific to effectively align health and justice goals. Financial support: Funding was through a Bristol Myers-Squibb Virology Fellows Award (JM) and career development grants from NIDA (K23 DA033858 JM, F31 DA035709 JC, K24 DA017072 FA). The funding sources played no role in study design, data collection, analysis, or interpretation. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.09.479 Novel genetic variant associated with substance use in two independent populations Jacquelyn L. Meyers 1 , Lynn Almli 4 , Sandro Galea 1 , Alison E. Aiello 2 , Monica Uddin 3 , Derek E. Wildman 3 , Behk Bradley 4 , Kerry J. Ressler 4 , Karestan C. Koenen 1 1
Epidemiology and Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States 2 Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States 3 Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States 4 Psychiatry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States Aims: Risky alcohol, nicotine, and marijuana use are the most common and costly public health problems in the United States. Family, twin and adoption studies have shown that frequency of alcohol, nicotine, and cannabis consumption each have a considerable genetic component, with heritability estimates in the range of 50%. In this study, we report results from a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of frequency of alcohol, nicotine, and marijuana consumption. Methods: Number of alcoholic drinks consumed, number of cigarettes smoked, and marijuana consumed, per using day was retrospectively reported among a large population of 778 individuals of African ancestry from Detroit, Michigan, genotyped on the Illumina HumanOmniExpress Beadchip. Results: GWAS analyses implicated four genome-wide significant effects; one of which was successfully replicated in an independent sample. SNP rs11766060 (p = 6.83 × 10−8 ) located downstream of Even-Skipped Homeobox (EVX1) at 7q15. This finding was successfully replicated (p-value < 0.01) in a population based sample of ∼2000 individuals of African ancestry from Grady Memorial Hospital located in Atlanta, Georgia. Conclusions: In conclusion, we identified and replicated a novel genetic variant, associated with frequency of substance use in two independent populations of African ancestry. These findings can improve the understanding about the etiology of substance use and related disorders. Financial support: NIMH. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.09.480
Navigating the world of adolescent substance abuse treatment through a web-based Consumer Guide Kathleen Meyers, John Cacciola, S. Bates, Kimberly C. Kirby, A.T. McLellan Treatment Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA, United States Aims: Consumers increasingly access the Internet to obtain health related information and quality ratings of various medical providers, and “report cards” are increasingly common. It is disconcerting that the adolescent specialty substance abuse treatment (SAT) system is virtually absent from online review websites. An online guide that illustrates quality features of adolescent SAT is needed for parents seeking help for their children and other interested parties (e.g., referral sources, purchasers of treatment, adolescents themselves). Thus, we developed an online Consumer Guide to Adolescent SAT. Methods: While quality problems in SAT have generated broad concern, there is no widely recognized process to rate the quality of SAT programs in a clinically comprehensive manner. There are however guidelines and models to assess quality. Using scientific evidence, expert review, and stakeholder input, a multistep research and development process was employed: reviewed the scientific literature, created a program interview and audit procedure to ‘score’ the programs, vetted this with experts, tested the program quality evaluation in community SAT clinics, and vetted the website itself with user groups (e.g., parents, physicians, judges). Results: A transportable protocol now exists for implementation within municipalities or networks of providers to obtain a science-based comparative review of SAT programs. The website includes: user-friendly educational material on understanding the nature of SAT quality; a navigator function that asks core questions about a youth’s potential service needs and identifies programs by location, type, and quality profile; and resources for additional support. Conclusions: This protocol and the resulting Consumer Guide serves two critical purposes: inform and direct an individual consumer’s purchase; and improve the service marketplace as informed consumers are essential to improving availability, quality and costs of services, particularly in healthcare. Financial support: P50 DA027841. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.09.481 Trajectories of neighborhood disorder, alcohol initiation, and alcohol use among urban adolescents Adam J. Milam 1,2 , C. Debra M. Furr-Holden 1 , Philip J. Leaf 1 , Nicholas Ialongo 1 1 Mental Health, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States 2 School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
Aims: Initiation of alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs (ATOD) use closely follows opportunities to use ATOD. The transition from opportunity to use to initial use also is influenced by the age of the individual during initial opportunity; as the age at first opportunity to use increases the time from opportunity to initial use