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Nebraska University Poultry Exhibit
ANNOUNCEMENTS OF IMPORTANT MEETINGS. Prof. J. G. Halpin of Wisconsin announces the annual meeting of the Wisconsin Poultry Association will he held during the week of January first to fifth, inclusive. Prof. R. V. Mitchell of New Hampshire announces that their annual farmers' week will be held from January second to January fifth, with one complete day set aside for poultry work. The state branch, of the American Poultry Association of the state of Kentucky will hold their annual meeting in connection with farmers' week at the University of Kentucky on January third. The New Jersey State Poultry Association, with a paid-up membership of over one thousand, held their annual meeting and election of officers at Trenton on December twenty-first. This Association, in jco-operation with the New Jersley State Department of Agriculture and the New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station, will hold a three day educational meeting at Trenton on January 24th, 25th and 26th. An extensive lecture program, accompanied by demonstrations and complete educational exhibits will be the features of this meeting. Many of the eastern colleges are planning to enter judging teams at the Madison Square Garden Poultry Show during New Year's week. A full report of this judging contest, which is being put into effect tor the second time this year, will be reported in the February number of the Journal. The States of New Jersey, New York, Connecticut, and Massachusetts are co-operating with the management of the Madison Square Garden Poultry Show in staging educational exhibits and in providing speakers for lectures at continuous educational programs which will be run throughout the duration of the Show. IMPORTANT MEETINGS ATTENDED. Prof. A. G. Philips of Purdue Universi-
ty attended the National Poultry, Butter and Egg; Association meeting at Chicago recently, and with one other member of our Association were the only college men in attendance. He suggests that college men should interest themselves more in this line of work. SPECIAL, DEPARTMENTAL ACTIVITIES'. Purdue University announces the giving cf a special poultry course, consisting of lectures, to girls taking the Home Economics Short Course. The Poultry Department of Purdue University also won first prize on brown eggs and white eggs at the North Carolina State Fair in the Experiment Station class, the scores being 99 3/8 and 99 1/2 respectively. Prof. J . C. Graham of Massachusetts states that his department is giving a required course in poultry husbandry to the freshmen this year for the first time. He also states that their vocational course is starting! out nicely, and that the value of this work seems to be appreciated more and more, and that the students seem delighted with the nature of the instruction. NEBRASKA UNIVERSITY POULTRY EXHIBIT. The University of Nebraska Poultry Department put on an elaborate display of ten exhibits in connection with the Greater Omaha Poultry Show held at Omaha, November 27th to December 2d. Each exhibit occupied a separate booth fifteen feet square and represented different phases of the poultry industry. Placards for each booth indicated its special feature or name, and further information was contributed through small gummed letter signs. The display offered a wide variety of interesting matter, and was remarkably well attended. In its entirety the exhibit took about 150 feet, and because of its educational attractiveness to exhibitor and visitor aided the show greatly in a publicity andi financial way. The packers and cold storage housesi took a brisk interest and liberally donated the necessary eggs and packed poultry. The following is a brief outline of the display. The Feeds and Ration booth emphasized the importance of animal protein in the mash ration, and variety in tne grain ration. The results of experimental work with meat scrap, skim .milk, and no meat as the influencing factors were shown. Pails of eggs represented the average production per bird and an accomipanying card showed the1 loss and profit. One hundred pound bags of various commercial meat feeds were shown, and the whole feature was conspicuously set off by the sign— "Feed meat food—it pays." Liberal samples of developing and laying feeds including mash and grain, were shown; and by ribbons leading from the sample to the placard above, attention 30
Downloaded from http://ps.oxfordjournals.org/ at Missouri Botanical Garden Library on June 8, 2015
Prof. H. R. Lewis, in, charge of the poultry work in the state of New Jersey, reports the very gratifying start which the first three year international egg laying 1and breeding eontest, which is being held under the supervision of the New Jersey Experiment Station at Vineland, has received. This contest is unique in that it considers the breeding! abilities of the birds, as well as their egg laying propensities and from the fact that the contest will continue for three years. The production to date from this contest has been the highest which has ever been secured from officially conducted contests of this kind. This contest, for its three year duration, represents in equipment and maintenance costs over $33,000.00 or about $11,000.00 a year. The poultry farm which has been under construction at the New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station is rapidly nearing completion, and the equipment will offer wonderful opportunities for the furtherance of the research work.
males and two females. Here a sign called the attention of the fancier to the striking simlarity and quality of the birds produced by each dam, indicating the breeding significance of that particular mating), The cages were arranged one above the other, and a sign saying, "Some matings produce fancy males (cockerel breeders); other matings produce fancy females (pit. breeders)," brought to the attention of the fanciers the importance of knowing what each mating produces. Lady Barrnone, a Buff Leghorn with a. record of 250 eggs, was shown, and a comparison drawn between her and her pen sister with a record of only 5 eggs per year. Helpful suggestions were offered in mimeographed form to aid in culling out the poor producer, and a nearby sign emphasized the importance of increasing the fecundity of the fowl, by calling attention to the average farm hen as a producer of only 60 eggs per year, and her possibility of a much higher average as shown by the hen exhibited. In a separate pen the visitor's attention was drawn to the fact that not all fancy birds as exhibited were high producers: and to illustrate this a fancy hen with a record of 72 eggs was shown as compared with a hen of poor quality with a record of 168 eggs. The deep litter method of feeding was emphasized and illustrated by a pen of birds being kept busy scratching for their feed. In another booth a striking comparison was drawn between the pure-bred and scrub bird, a pen of each being displayed, over which was placed a sign which read, "Which do you keep?" Eggs as produced by each pen were shown, and attention was directed to the quality and uniformity of the product of each. A sign reading, "Which kind do you get?" and a difference in price of ten cents, as noted, emphasized the importance of a graded and uniform article. A small placard called attention to the method of marketing in a sanitary carton as compared with the ordinary farm method, by asking the question "Which price do you get?" In the Poultryman's Office booth were shown blue prints of poultry houses, including the University buildings and those suggested by the Poultry Department for Nebraska farms. Numerous catalogs of poultry breeders were available to offer suggestions along this line. Stationery, envelopes, and cards were displayed, and special attention was directed in this booth to the business management and advertising side of the poultryman's business. A full-sized poultry house, 20 by 20, was erected and filled with birds. This exhibit showed the necessary appliances. such as trap nests, hoppers; droppings boards, etc. Motion pictures relative to the poultry industry were procured and run everv afternoon and evening for the benefit of the visitors. Twenty-five hundred feet of 31
Downloaded from http://ps.oxfordjournals.org/ at Missouri Botanical Garden Library on June 8, 2015
was called to the variety of ingredients. This information was also available in mimeographed form. The Market Poultry booth contained a beautiful display of boxed poultry, including the most popular brands of the larger packers and the large, medium, and small grades of the various classes. Drypicked birds were used for this purpose, and a new lot received directly from cold storage was necessary for each day's display. A fattening battery with fowls of ordinary type represented the quality as received at the fattening station before fattening, and the packed carcasses showed the afterward or improved condition. Special attention was called to the grading process, and the sanitary method of handling and packing in parchment paper was brought out by the words, "The consumer demands a clean article, marketed in a sanitary way." The Candling and Grading booth emphasized the importance of producing infertile eggs. A series of candles was provided, and close by, a fertile and infertile egg of the same age of incubation were furnished to show the effect of heat on each. Accompanying this display was the Government placard entitled, "Produce infertile eggs," which showed a pciture of the various stages of each egg in incubation from the twenty-fourth hour to the sixth day. Separate pictures were placed beside each candle to show the growth of the germ and the remaining quality and condition of the infertile egg. Special attention was called to the enormous loss of $45,000,000 annually to the farmers through the production of fertile eggs, and suggestions were offered aa to best methods of handling same on the farm. Accompanying this exhibit was shown a great variety of cartons and parcel post packages. The Poultry Industry was represented in a separate booth. The hen as the chief factor represented the factory, and her food as measured out represented the different ingredients and the raw material. Her eggs represented the finished product. Back of this display was shown the relative food value of eggs as compared with other foods, such as beans, lean beef, peas, potatoes, fish, milk, etc. Attention was here called to the food value of eggp at present high prices as compared with a similar investment in any one of the other foods mentioned. The value of the American hen and her product was well illustrated by a chart showing the wealth to be $750,000,000, or an amount sufficient to build two Panama Canals annually. The "Breeding Fancy Poultry" booth called the attention of the fancier to the importance of line breeding; and to illustrate this a sire was sho)wn as mated to two dams, one of which produced exhibition males and poor females, and the other exhibition females and poor males. Ribbons were used to connect the sire's pen with that of each dam and from here two separate ribbons led to the two
reel, covering every phase of the work, from incubation to dressing and killing, including hatching, feeding, and rearing, served to help immensely in an educational way. The exhibit as a whole attracted much attention and seemed1 to aid the show materially, as was reckoned from the gate receipts. M. E. DICKSON. Continued from page 28
U . S . FEDERAL GOVERNMENT POULTRY EXHIBIT AT MADISON SQUARE GARDEN POULTRY SHOW. The educational poultry exhibit staged by the Poultry Division of the Bureau of Animal Industry under the direction of Mr. H. M. Lamon, at the Madison Square Garden Poultry Show was considered by all the most complete, most beautifully constructed and best planned exhibit of its kind that has ever been assembled. The presence of exceedingly fine specimens of many standard varieties of poultry which were bred on the Government Farm at Beltsville was among the most attractive features of the display. Feather cards beautifully mounted and arranged showing ideal feathers from various sections of all the more common varieties of fowls was exceedingly interesting. The picturing of ideal scenes from well managed poultry flocks and from the government farm by means of beautifully colored transparencies made a very attractive display. Compete minature models of all necessary poultry houses and fences together with models of trap nests and other appliances made the exhibit appeal especially to the practical poultry keeper. Moving pictures showing proper methods of caring for poultry were displayed daily as a part of the educational program. The Editor. 32
Downloaded from http://ps.oxfordjournals.org/ at Missouri Botanical Garden Library on June 8, 2015
By back reference it will be remembered that '11-26, 1483, 1766 were the most efficient. The high percentage of crude fibre in rations- of 1458 and 1483 and 1497 were due to the large amount of sunflower consumed and has been previously mentioned, the hen hulled these, so that the actual consumption of crude fibre is from 3-5%, which would corroborate Jackson's conclusions. THE FEEDING STANDARD From the foregoing figures it may be possible to arrive at some standard whereby hens may be fed for certain purposes. • The feeding standard is based! on the daily requirements per 100 pounds live weight. In the laying ration Leghorn No. 1126 was the most efficient eating 5 6 / / s of feed in a year and having1 an egg production of 56.7%. Her food consumption was: D. M. Prot. CH's. Fat C. Fibre Ash N. R. 4.56 .74 2.96 .16 .11 1:4.65 This compares favorably with Wheeler's Standard for a 3 to 5 pound laying hen which is D. M. Protein CH's. Fat Ash N. R. 5.5 1. 3.75 .35 1:4.3 It is thus seen that she actually laid well on a ration 82% as large as Wheeler advises. This probably approaches nearer the standard for Leghorns than does Wheeler, since his standard calls for 80 pounds of dry matter per hen per year when in actual feeding work at least 15 pounds less per hen pt-r year is fed. Since this is more a question of amount than kinds of food and since this is a point governed by the feeder and gauged by the appetites of the fowls this is not a vital point, but nevertheless should be considered. Barred Rock 1776 consumed 80 pounds of feed in a year and had an egg production of 44.6%. Her food consumption based on daily food per hundred pounds live weight is as follows: D. M. Protein CH's Fat C. Fibre Ash N. R 4.6 .62 2.75 .25 .26 3 11:4.78 Compared to Wheeler's Standard for 5 to 8 laying hen which is as follows: D. M. Prot. CH's. Fat C Fibre Ash N. R. 3.3 .65 2.25 .2 .2 1:4.2 It is thus seen that here the problem dteals in quantity rather than in kinds, although here there is a difference in the N. R., Wheeler's being slightly narrower. This is probably due to the fact that 1776 weighed but 4 pounds and 12 oz. so that she would naturally fall between
the two standards and thus an average of Wheeler's 3-5 and 5-8-pound standards should be taken. This average is: D. M. Prot. CH's. Fat Ash 4.4 .82 3 .27 .25 It is thus seen that 1776 approaches the above standard which according to 1776, performance was very satisfactory. CONCLUSIONS 1. Wheat is a favorite poultry food. 2. Grain with hulls is eaten in limited quantities. 3. Bran is apparently not relished in a dry condition. 4. The average annual food consumption of feed is 70 pounds for Leghorns and 15 pounds more for the Rocks. 5. Hens materially increase the consumption of meat scrap and oyster shell when laying. 6. Hens vary as regards the efficiency with which they utilize food. 7. Narrow rations of those properly balanced proved the most efficient. 8. During laying from 70 to 90 per cent of the ash for shell comes from the grit and oyster shell. 9. A ration consisting of from three to four per cent crude fibre is the best. 10. The ration should contain some ground feed. 11. Where beef scrap is fed it should constitute 8% of the ration. H. L. KEMPSTER, Missouri.
ty attended the National Poultry, Butter and Egg; Association meeting at Chicago recently, and with one other member of our Association were the only college men in attendance. He suggests that college men should interest themselves more in this line of work. SPECIAL, DEPARTMENTAL ACTIVITIES'. Purdue University announces the giving cf a special poultry course, consisting of lectures, to girls taking the Home Economics Short Course. The Poultry Department of Purdue University also won first prize on brown eggs and white eggs at the North Carolina State Fair in the Experiment Station class, the scores being 99 3/8 and 99 1/2 respectively. Prof. J . C. Graham of Massachusetts states that his department is giving a required course in poultry husbandry to the freshmen this year for the first time. He also states that their vocational course is starting! out nicely, and that the value of this work seems to be appreciated more and more, and that the students seem delighted with the nature of the instruction. NEBRASKA UNIVERSITY POULTRY EXHIBIT. The University of Nebraska Poultry Department put on an elaborate display of ten exhibits in connection with the Greater Omaha Poultry Show held at Omaha, November 27th to December 2d. Each exhibit occupied a separate booth fifteen feet square and represented different phases of the poultry industry. Placards for each booth indicated its special feature or name, and further information was contributed through small gummed letter signs. The display offered a wide variety of interesting matter, and was remarkably well attended. In its entirety the exhibit took about 150 feet, and because of its educational attractiveness to exhibitor and visitor aided the show greatly in a publicity andi financial way. The packers and cold storage housesi took a brisk interest and liberally donated the necessary eggs and packed poultry. The following is a brief outline of the display. The Feeds and Ration booth emphasized the importance of animal protein in the mash ration, and variety in tne grain ration. The results of experimental work with meat scrap, skim .milk, and no meat as the influencing factors were shown. Pails of eggs represented the average production per bird and an accomipanying card showed the1 loss and profit. One hundred pound bags of various commercial meat feeds were shown, and the whole feature was conspicuously set off by the sign— "Feed meat food—it pays." Liberal samples of developing and laying feeds including mash and grain, were shown; and by ribbons leading from the sample to the placard above, attention 30
Downloaded from http://ps.oxfordjournals.org/ at Missouri Botanical Garden Library on June 8, 2015
Prof. H. R. Lewis, in, charge of the poultry work in the state of New Jersey, reports the very gratifying start which the first three year international egg laying 1and breeding eontest, which is being held under the supervision of the New Jersey Experiment Station at Vineland, has received. This contest is unique in that it considers the breeding! abilities of the birds, as well as their egg laying propensities and from the fact that the contest will continue for three years. The production to date from this contest has been the highest which has ever been secured from officially conducted contests of this kind. This contest, for its three year duration, represents in equipment and maintenance costs over $33,000.00 or about $11,000.00 a year. The poultry farm which has been under construction at the New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station is rapidly nearing completion, and the equipment will offer wonderful opportunities for the furtherance of the research work.
males and two females. Here a sign called the attention of the fancier to the striking simlarity and quality of the birds produced by each dam, indicating the breeding significance of that particular mating), The cages were arranged one above the other, and a sign saying, "Some matings produce fancy males (cockerel breeders); other matings produce fancy females (pit. breeders)," brought to the attention of the fanciers the importance of knowing what each mating produces. Lady Barrnone, a Buff Leghorn with a. record of 250 eggs, was shown, and a comparison drawn between her and her pen sister with a record of only 5 eggs per year. Helpful suggestions were offered in mimeographed form to aid in culling out the poor producer, and a nearby sign emphasized the importance of increasing the fecundity of the fowl, by calling attention to the average farm hen as a producer of only 60 eggs per year, and her possibility of a much higher average as shown by the hen exhibited. In a separate pen the visitor's attention was drawn to the fact that not all fancy birds as exhibited were high producers: and to illustrate this a fancy hen with a record of 72 eggs was shown as compared with a hen of poor quality with a record of 168 eggs. The deep litter method of feeding was emphasized and illustrated by a pen of birds being kept busy scratching for their feed. In another booth a striking comparison was drawn between the pure-bred and scrub bird, a pen of each being displayed, over which was placed a sign which read, "Which do you keep?" Eggs as produced by each pen were shown, and attention was directed to the quality and uniformity of the product of each. A sign reading, "Which kind do you get?" and a difference in price of ten cents, as noted, emphasized the importance of a graded and uniform article. A small placard called attention to the method of marketing in a sanitary carton as compared with the ordinary farm method, by asking the question "Which price do you get?" In the Poultryman's Office booth were shown blue prints of poultry houses, including the University buildings and those suggested by the Poultry Department for Nebraska farms. Numerous catalogs of poultry breeders were available to offer suggestions along this line. Stationery, envelopes, and cards were displayed, and special attention was directed in this booth to the business management and advertising side of the poultryman's business. A full-sized poultry house, 20 by 20, was erected and filled with birds. This exhibit showed the necessary appliances. such as trap nests, hoppers; droppings boards, etc. Motion pictures relative to the poultry industry were procured and run everv afternoon and evening for the benefit of the visitors. Twenty-five hundred feet of 31
Downloaded from http://ps.oxfordjournals.org/ at Missouri Botanical Garden Library on June 8, 2015
was called to the variety of ingredients. This information was also available in mimeographed form. The Market Poultry booth contained a beautiful display of boxed poultry, including the most popular brands of the larger packers and the large, medium, and small grades of the various classes. Drypicked birds were used for this purpose, and a new lot received directly from cold storage was necessary for each day's display. A fattening battery with fowls of ordinary type represented the quality as received at the fattening station before fattening, and the packed carcasses showed the afterward or improved condition. Special attention was called to the grading process, and the sanitary method of handling and packing in parchment paper was brought out by the words, "The consumer demands a clean article, marketed in a sanitary way." The Candling and Grading booth emphasized the importance of producing infertile eggs. A series of candles was provided, and close by, a fertile and infertile egg of the same age of incubation were furnished to show the effect of heat on each. Accompanying this display was the Government placard entitled, "Produce infertile eggs," which showed a pciture of the various stages of each egg in incubation from the twenty-fourth hour to the sixth day. Separate pictures were placed beside each candle to show the growth of the germ and the remaining quality and condition of the infertile egg. Special attention was called to the enormous loss of $45,000,000 annually to the farmers through the production of fertile eggs, and suggestions were offered aa to best methods of handling same on the farm. Accompanying this exhibit was shown a great variety of cartons and parcel post packages. The Poultry Industry was represented in a separate booth. The hen as the chief factor represented the factory, and her food as measured out represented the different ingredients and the raw material. Her eggs represented the finished product. Back of this display was shown the relative food value of eggs as compared with other foods, such as beans, lean beef, peas, potatoes, fish, milk, etc. Attention was here called to the food value of eggp at present high prices as compared with a similar investment in any one of the other foods mentioned. The value of the American hen and her product was well illustrated by a chart showing the wealth to be $750,000,000, or an amount sufficient to build two Panama Canals annually. The "Breeding Fancy Poultry" booth called the attention of the fancier to the importance of line breeding; and to illustrate this a sire was sho)wn as mated to two dams, one of which produced exhibition males and poor females, and the other exhibition females and poor males. Ribbons were used to connect the sire's pen with that of each dam and from here two separate ribbons led to the two
reel, covering every phase of the work, from incubation to dressing and killing, including hatching, feeding, and rearing, served to help immensely in an educational way. The exhibit as a whole attracted much attention and seemed1 to aid the show materially, as was reckoned from the gate receipts. M. E. DICKSON. Continued from page 28
U . S . FEDERAL GOVERNMENT POULTRY EXHIBIT AT MADISON SQUARE GARDEN POULTRY SHOW. The educational poultry exhibit staged by the Poultry Division of the Bureau of Animal Industry under the direction of Mr. H. M. Lamon, at the Madison Square Garden Poultry Show was considered by all the most complete, most beautifully constructed and best planned exhibit of its kind that has ever been assembled. The presence of exceedingly fine specimens of many standard varieties of poultry which were bred on the Government Farm at Beltsville was among the most attractive features of the display. Feather cards beautifully mounted and arranged showing ideal feathers from various sections of all the more common varieties of fowls was exceedingly interesting. The picturing of ideal scenes from well managed poultry flocks and from the government farm by means of beautifully colored transparencies made a very attractive display. Compete minature models of all necessary poultry houses and fences together with models of trap nests and other appliances made the exhibit appeal especially to the practical poultry keeper. Moving pictures showing proper methods of caring for poultry were displayed daily as a part of the educational program. The Editor. 32
Downloaded from http://ps.oxfordjournals.org/ at Missouri Botanical Garden Library on June 8, 2015
By back reference it will be remembered that '11-26, 1483, 1766 were the most efficient. The high percentage of crude fibre in rations- of 1458 and 1483 and 1497 were due to the large amount of sunflower consumed and has been previously mentioned, the hen hulled these, so that the actual consumption of crude fibre is from 3-5%, which would corroborate Jackson's conclusions. THE FEEDING STANDARD From the foregoing figures it may be possible to arrive at some standard whereby hens may be fed for certain purposes. • The feeding standard is based! on the daily requirements per 100 pounds live weight. In the laying ration Leghorn No. 1126 was the most efficient eating 5 6 / / s of feed in a year and having1 an egg production of 56.7%. Her food consumption was: D. M. Prot. CH's. Fat C. Fibre Ash N. R. 4.56 .74 2.96 .16 .11 1:4.65 This compares favorably with Wheeler's Standard for a 3 to 5 pound laying hen which is D. M. Protein CH's. Fat Ash N. R. 5.5 1. 3.75 .35 1:4.3 It is thus seen that she actually laid well on a ration 82% as large as Wheeler advises. This probably approaches nearer the standard for Leghorns than does Wheeler, since his standard calls for 80 pounds of dry matter per hen per year when in actual feeding work at least 15 pounds less per hen pt-r year is fed. Since this is more a question of amount than kinds of food and since this is a point governed by the feeder and gauged by the appetites of the fowls this is not a vital point, but nevertheless should be considered. Barred Rock 1776 consumed 80 pounds of feed in a year and had an egg production of 44.6%. Her food consumption based on daily food per hundred pounds live weight is as follows: D. M. Protein CH's Fat C. Fibre Ash N. R 4.6 .62 2.75 .25 .26 3 11:4.78 Compared to Wheeler's Standard for 5 to 8 laying hen which is as follows: D. M. Prot. CH's. Fat C Fibre Ash N. R. 3.3 .65 2.25 .2 .2 1:4.2 It is thus seen that here the problem dteals in quantity rather than in kinds, although here there is a difference in the N. R., Wheeler's being slightly narrower. This is probably due to the fact that 1776 weighed but 4 pounds and 12 oz. so that she would naturally fall between
the two standards and thus an average of Wheeler's 3-5 and 5-8-pound standards should be taken. This average is: D. M. Prot. CH's. Fat Ash 4.4 .82 3 .27 .25 It is thus seen that 1776 approaches the above standard which according to 1776, performance was very satisfactory. CONCLUSIONS 1. Wheat is a favorite poultry food. 2. Grain with hulls is eaten in limited quantities. 3. Bran is apparently not relished in a dry condition. 4. The average annual food consumption of feed is 70 pounds for Leghorns and 15 pounds more for the Rocks. 5. Hens materially increase the consumption of meat scrap and oyster shell when laying. 6. Hens vary as regards the efficiency with which they utilize food. 7. Narrow rations of those properly balanced proved the most efficient. 8. During laying from 70 to 90 per cent of the ash for shell comes from the grit and oyster shell. 9. A ration consisting of from three to four per cent crude fibre is the best. 10. The ration should contain some ground feed. 11. Where beef scrap is fed it should constitute 8% of the ration. H. L. KEMPSTER, Missouri.