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Neural basis for judgment of expressed emotion in music
Abstracts home cage activities were not altered. In an elevated plus maze test, Et spent more time in the open arms than both Pf and Int. Immobility time during the first exposure to force swimming test was significantly shorter in Et than in both controls. The present study revealed a long-lasting effect of prenatal exposure to ethanol on the serotonergic system. The behavioral studies showed a prenatal exposure to ethanol induces hyporesponsiveness against both novel and aversive stimuli. doi:10.1016/j.neures.2009.09.1281
P3-g13 Parenting or infanticide: context-dependent behavioral choice and region-specific neuronal activation in male mice Kashiko Tachikawa, Sachine Yoshida, Kumi Kuroda RIKEN BSI, Wako, Japan For all mammalian infants, parental care is essential for survival. Rodent mothers typically display a stereotyped set of parental behaviors. In laboratory mice, fathers also care for their offspring. But when these males are virgin, majority of them commit infanticide (pup-killing). The infanticide is an adaptive behavior in many mammals to increase their reproductive success. This behavioral change toward pups is triggered by mating stimuli. Thus mating stimuli might inhibit infanticide and facilitate parenting in male mice. It is not clear, however, where and how the memory of a mating experience is stored. To elucidate this experience-dependent behavioral change mechanism, we examined the brain regions activated by parenting, infanticide, or mating using immediate-early gene, c-Fos immunoreactivity. As a result we identified some different brain regions activated by parenting and infanticide. Especially c-Fos immunoreactivities in accessory olfactory bulb and extended amygdala showed different expression patterns between parenting and infanticide.
2
Kokoro
Positive emotion such as pleasant feeling is derived from not only biological causes but also non-biological causes. The aim of the experiment is to determine whether monkeys exhibit preference for neutral and biologically non-significant visual stimuli and examine whether this preference is related to pleasant feeling which arises when monkeys see preferred stimuli. We simultaneously presented randomly selected 2 stimuli from 30 fractal stimuli and asked monkeys to select one by eye movements and look at that stimulus for up to 12 sec. We found that monkeys showed different percentages of correct performance to different stimuli and that the rank order of the stimuli estimated by the percentage of correct performance was consistent throughout sessions. The rank order of the stimuli was not related to the exposure effect or stimulus–reward association. These results indicate that the rank order of the stimuli estimated by the percentage of correct performance reflects the strength of monkey’s preference for the stimuli. doi:10.1016/j.neures.2009.09.1283
P3-g15 Anxiety and outcome evaluation: an ERP study Ruolei Gu, Yu-Xia Huang, Yue-jia Luo State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China Feedback negativity is a component of the event-related brain potential (ERP) that is elicited by feedback stimuli that indicate unfavorable outcomes. Previous studies suggest that the FN amplitude is sensitive to outcome expectancy. To explore the potential neural correlates of the FN in participants with high trait anxiety and low trait anxiety groups, the ERPs were recorded during a simple monetary gambling task. The classic FN was observed after the onset of feedback stimuli. Consistent with our hypothesis, the amplitude of the FN was significantly larger for LTA participants than HTA participants, no matter in the win condition or in the loss condition. However, only the amplitude of the FN in the loss condition was proved correlated with the trait-anxious score. The result indicated that there was a relationship between the FN and the individual characteristics. This finding suggests the importance of regard trait anxiety as an important control variable when research on the FN. doi:10.1016/j.neures.2009.09.1284
1 Cognitive and Molecular Research Institute of Brain Diseases, Fukuoka, Japan; 2 Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
In this study, we investigated the oxyhemoglobin (oxy-Hb) during the emotionally charged visual oddball task in 14 healthy paid volunteer. In the visual oddball task, the crying baby or the smiling baby photograph was as target stimuli and the neutral baby photograph as non-target stimuli. All subjects were asked to push button as soon as they’re appeared and mental count to target stimuli. The ethical committee of the Kurume University approved this study. All subjects were given written consent prior to the study. The increasing in oxy-Hb during oddball task was larger for the crying baby photograph than that for the smiling baby photograph only in the left central recording site. These results indicated that the cognitive function was influenced by affective stimuli. Changes in oxy-Hb evaluated by using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) during oddball task can be useful psychopsysiological index of cognitive functions. doi:10.1016/j.neures.2009.09.1285
P3-g17 Placebo-induced modulation of the human emotional system: an fMRI study Noriaki Yahata 1,2 , Yoshitoshi Shingai 3 , Amane Tateno 3 , Hidenori Suzuki 2 , Yoshiro Okubo 3 Dept. Neuropsych., Univ. Tokyo, Japan; 2 Dept. Pharmacol., Nippon Med. Sch., Japan; 3 Dept. Neuropsych., Nippon Med. Sch., Japan
P3-g14 Monkeys exhibit preference for biologically non-significant visual stimuli Mika Takebayashi 1 , Shintaro Funahashi 1,2 Grad. Sch. of Human & Envrm. Std., Kyoto Univ., Kyoto, Japan; Res. Ctr., Kyoto Univ., Kyoto, Japan
P3-g16 Changes in oxyhemoglobin during emotional oddball task in healthy subject evaluation multi channel NIRS Atsushi Yamamoto 1 , Kiichiro Morita 1 , Yoshihisa Shoji 1,2 , Takayuki Kodama 1
1
doi:10.1016/j.neures.2009.09.1282
1
S229
We present an fMRI study that compared modulatory effects of anxiolytics and placebo on the human emotional network. Twenty healthy adults underwent three separate fMRI sessions, with a preceding dose of lorazepam, lactose (placebo), or with no drugs. Prior to the scan, subjects were told that they would be presented subliminally with a series of aversive images, but accompanying unpleasant feelings would be alleviated by the anxiolytics. Without drugs, the amygdala exhibited prominent activation by the presentation of aversive pictures. Both lorazepam and placebo commonly diminished the activities in this region, but with the latter, the degree of decrement was correlated with the postscan assessment of subjective efficacy. Further, posterior temporal regions exhibited differential activities between the treatments. Collectively, these results suggest that fMRI measurements may allow quantitative evaluation of the placebo effect on an individual basis, the application of which should be of great utility for drug development. doi:10.1016/j.neures.2009.09.1286
P3-g18 Neural basis for judgment of expressed emotion in music Ken-ichi Tabei 1,2 , Izuru Nose 3 , Nobuo Usui 1 , Masato Taira 1 1
ARISH, Nihon Univ., Tokyo, Japan; 2 JSPS, Tokyo, Japan; nary and Life Science Univ., Tokyo, Japan
3
Nippon Veteri-
Although there were many neuroimaging studies for emotion and music, previous studies have mainly focused on emotional response caused by music and there were few studies examining neural basis for judgment of expressed emotion in music. In this study, we examined the cortical mechanisms for judgment of expressed emotion in music by fMRI. Fifteen young healthy subjects were participated. The subjects heard three notes with ascending, descending, or unchanged scale of major or minor mode, and judged whether it expressed happy, sad, or neutral (expression task) or whether it was ascending, descending, or unchanged scale (scale task). The direct comparison between expression and scale tasks showed activations of the left inferior frontal gyrus, a region where suggested to be related to the musicsyntactic incongruities. On the other hand, the direct comparison between scale and expression tasks did not show significant activation. Those results suggest that left inferior frontal cortex is responsible for judgment of expressed emotion in music. doi:10.1016/j.neures.2009.09.1287
P3-g13 Parenting or infanticide: context-dependent behavioral choice and region-specific neuronal activation in male mice Kashiko Tachikawa, Sachine Yoshida, Kumi Kuroda RIKEN BSI, Wako, Japan For all mammalian infants, parental care is essential for survival. Rodent mothers typically display a stereotyped set of parental behaviors. In laboratory mice, fathers also care for their offspring. But when these males are virgin, majority of them commit infanticide (pup-killing). The infanticide is an adaptive behavior in many mammals to increase their reproductive success. This behavioral change toward pups is triggered by mating stimuli. Thus mating stimuli might inhibit infanticide and facilitate parenting in male mice. It is not clear, however, where and how the memory of a mating experience is stored. To elucidate this experience-dependent behavioral change mechanism, we examined the brain regions activated by parenting, infanticide, or mating using immediate-early gene, c-Fos immunoreactivity. As a result we identified some different brain regions activated by parenting and infanticide. Especially c-Fos immunoreactivities in accessory olfactory bulb and extended amygdala showed different expression patterns between parenting and infanticide.
2
Kokoro
Positive emotion such as pleasant feeling is derived from not only biological causes but also non-biological causes. The aim of the experiment is to determine whether monkeys exhibit preference for neutral and biologically non-significant visual stimuli and examine whether this preference is related to pleasant feeling which arises when monkeys see preferred stimuli. We simultaneously presented randomly selected 2 stimuli from 30 fractal stimuli and asked monkeys to select one by eye movements and look at that stimulus for up to 12 sec. We found that monkeys showed different percentages of correct performance to different stimuli and that the rank order of the stimuli estimated by the percentage of correct performance was consistent throughout sessions. The rank order of the stimuli was not related to the exposure effect or stimulus–reward association. These results indicate that the rank order of the stimuli estimated by the percentage of correct performance reflects the strength of monkey’s preference for the stimuli. doi:10.1016/j.neures.2009.09.1283
P3-g15 Anxiety and outcome evaluation: an ERP study Ruolei Gu, Yu-Xia Huang, Yue-jia Luo State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China Feedback negativity is a component of the event-related brain potential (ERP) that is elicited by feedback stimuli that indicate unfavorable outcomes. Previous studies suggest that the FN amplitude is sensitive to outcome expectancy. To explore the potential neural correlates of the FN in participants with high trait anxiety and low trait anxiety groups, the ERPs were recorded during a simple monetary gambling task. The classic FN was observed after the onset of feedback stimuli. Consistent with our hypothesis, the amplitude of the FN was significantly larger for LTA participants than HTA participants, no matter in the win condition or in the loss condition. However, only the amplitude of the FN in the loss condition was proved correlated with the trait-anxious score. The result indicated that there was a relationship between the FN and the individual characteristics. This finding suggests the importance of regard trait anxiety as an important control variable when research on the FN. doi:10.1016/j.neures.2009.09.1284
1 Cognitive and Molecular Research Institute of Brain Diseases, Fukuoka, Japan; 2 Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
In this study, we investigated the oxyhemoglobin (oxy-Hb) during the emotionally charged visual oddball task in 14 healthy paid volunteer. In the visual oddball task, the crying baby or the smiling baby photograph was as target stimuli and the neutral baby photograph as non-target stimuli. All subjects were asked to push button as soon as they’re appeared and mental count to target stimuli. The ethical committee of the Kurume University approved this study. All subjects were given written consent prior to the study. The increasing in oxy-Hb during oddball task was larger for the crying baby photograph than that for the smiling baby photograph only in the left central recording site. These results indicated that the cognitive function was influenced by affective stimuli. Changes in oxy-Hb evaluated by using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) during oddball task can be useful psychopsysiological index of cognitive functions. doi:10.1016/j.neures.2009.09.1285
P3-g17 Placebo-induced modulation of the human emotional system: an fMRI study Noriaki Yahata 1,2 , Yoshitoshi Shingai 3 , Amane Tateno 3 , Hidenori Suzuki 2 , Yoshiro Okubo 3 Dept. Neuropsych., Univ. Tokyo, Japan; 2 Dept. Pharmacol., Nippon Med. Sch., Japan; 3 Dept. Neuropsych., Nippon Med. Sch., Japan
P3-g14 Monkeys exhibit preference for biologically non-significant visual stimuli Mika Takebayashi 1 , Shintaro Funahashi 1,2 Grad. Sch. of Human & Envrm. Std., Kyoto Univ., Kyoto, Japan; Res. Ctr., Kyoto Univ., Kyoto, Japan
P3-g16 Changes in oxyhemoglobin during emotional oddball task in healthy subject evaluation multi channel NIRS Atsushi Yamamoto 1 , Kiichiro Morita 1 , Yoshihisa Shoji 1,2 , Takayuki Kodama 1
1
doi:10.1016/j.neures.2009.09.1282
1
S229
We present an fMRI study that compared modulatory effects of anxiolytics and placebo on the human emotional network. Twenty healthy adults underwent three separate fMRI sessions, with a preceding dose of lorazepam, lactose (placebo), or with no drugs. Prior to the scan, subjects were told that they would be presented subliminally with a series of aversive images, but accompanying unpleasant feelings would be alleviated by the anxiolytics. Without drugs, the amygdala exhibited prominent activation by the presentation of aversive pictures. Both lorazepam and placebo commonly diminished the activities in this region, but with the latter, the degree of decrement was correlated with the postscan assessment of subjective efficacy. Further, posterior temporal regions exhibited differential activities between the treatments. Collectively, these results suggest that fMRI measurements may allow quantitative evaluation of the placebo effect on an individual basis, the application of which should be of great utility for drug development. doi:10.1016/j.neures.2009.09.1286
P3-g18 Neural basis for judgment of expressed emotion in music Ken-ichi Tabei 1,2 , Izuru Nose 3 , Nobuo Usui 1 , Masato Taira 1 1
ARISH, Nihon Univ., Tokyo, Japan; 2 JSPS, Tokyo, Japan; nary and Life Science Univ., Tokyo, Japan
3
Nippon Veteri-
Although there were many neuroimaging studies for emotion and music, previous studies have mainly focused on emotional response caused by music and there were few studies examining neural basis for judgment of expressed emotion in music. In this study, we examined the cortical mechanisms for judgment of expressed emotion in music by fMRI. Fifteen young healthy subjects were participated. The subjects heard three notes with ascending, descending, or unchanged scale of major or minor mode, and judged whether it expressed happy, sad, or neutral (expression task) or whether it was ascending, descending, or unchanged scale (scale task). The direct comparison between expression and scale tasks showed activations of the left inferior frontal gyrus, a region where suggested to be related to the musicsyntactic incongruities. On the other hand, the direct comparison between scale and expression tasks did not show significant activation. Those results suggest that left inferior frontal cortex is responsible for judgment of expressed emotion in music. doi:10.1016/j.neures.2009.09.1287