- Email: [email protected]
Neural correlates of food addiction “diagnosis” as assessed by the Yale Food Addiction Scale: An exploratory pilot study
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Abstracts / Journal of Nutrition & Intermediary Metabolism 8 (2017) 60e121
LC-MS/MS QUANTIFICATION OF NEU5AC, NEU5GC AND KDN LEVELS IN DIFFERENT ORGANS AND AGES OF PIG: IMPACT NEU5GC INTAKE AND HEALTH S.N. Ji 1, F. Wang 1, Y. Chen 1, C.W. Yang 1, P.W. Zhang 1, X.B. Zhang 1, F.A. Troy, II 1, 2, B. Wang 1, 3. 1 School of Medicine, Xiamen University, China; 2 Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California School of Medicine, Davis, USA; 3 School of Animal and Veterinary Science, Charles Sturt University, NSW, Australia E-mail address: [email protected] (B. Wang). Background/Aims: Many studies have shown the relationship between exposure to the sialic acid (Sia) N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) in red meat and its risk in cancer and inflammatory diseases. Our aim was to quantify the Neu5Gc, N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) & 2-keto-3deoxy-D-glycero-D-galactonononic acid (KDN) in different organs of pigs and the impact of Sia intake from pork meat on health. Methods: The fresh and cooked spleen, kidney, lung, heart, liver, and skeletal muscle from 3-days-old (n ¼ 4-8), 38-days-old (n ¼ 10) and adult piglets (n ¼ 4) were analyzed using LC-MS/MS method. Results: (1) Lung tissue from 3 days-old piglets contained the highest level of total Sia (14.6 mmol/g protein) compared with other organs or age groups; (2) Unexpectedly, Neu5Gc was the major Sia in spleen (67-79%) and adult lung (36-49%) while free KDN was the major Sia in skeletal muscle. Conjugated Neu5Ac was the highest Sia in other organs (61-84%); (3) Skeletal muscle contained the lowest concentration of Neu5Gc in fresh and cooked meat; (4) KDN accounted for <5% of the total Sia in most organs; (5) During development, the total Sia concentration showed a 4479% decrease in all organs. Conclusions: the high level of Neu5Gc in all organs compared to skeletal muscle is a potential risk factor suggesting that dietary consumption of organ meats should be discouraged in favor of muscle to protect against cancer, cardiovascular and other inflammatory diseases. Funding source(s): Xiamen University EFFECT OF MEAL GLYCAEMIC LOAD AND CAFFEINE CONSUMPTION ON PROLONGED MONOTONOUS DRIVING PERFORMANCE C. Bragg 1, B. Desbrow 1, S. Hall 2, C. Irwin 1. 1 Menzies Health Institute Queensland and School of Allied Health Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia; 2 Menzies Health Institute Queensland and School of Pharmacy, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia E-mail address: christopher.bragg@griffithuni.edu.au (C. Bragg). Background/Aims: Monotonous driving is often unstimulating and highly repetitive. This study examined the effect of consuming meals with different glycaemic loads on prolonged monotonous driving performance. The effect of consuming caffeine with a high glycaemic load meal was also examined. Methods: Ten non-diabetic participants (7 males, mean ± SD age 51 ± 7 years,) completed a repeated measures investigation involving 3 separate trials. Participants were provided one of three treatments prior to undertaking a 90min computer-based simulated drive. Treatments included: a low glycaemic load breakfast + placebo capsules (LGL), a high glycaemic load breakfast + placebo capsules (HGL) and a high glycaemic load breakfast + caffeine capsules (3 mg/kg BW) (CAF). Driving performance measures included standard deviation of lane position (SDLP), average lane position (AVLP), number of lane crossings (LC), average speed (AVSP) and standard deviation of speed (SDSP). Analysis was conducted using repeated measures ANOVA based on a priori planned comparisons (HGLLGL; HGL-CAF). Pairwise comparisons (least significant difference) were performed on significant main effects. Results: No difference in driving parameters were observed between HGL and LGL treatments. A significant reduction in SDLP (0.36 ± 0.20 vs. 0.41 ± 0.19 cm, p ¼ 0.004) and LC (34.4 ± 31.4 vs. 56.7 ± 31.5, p ¼ 0.018) was observed in the CAF trial compared to the HGL trial. However, no differences in AVLP, AVSP and SDSP were detected. Conclusions: Altering the glycaemic load of breakfast had no effect on simulated monotonous driving performance in non-diabetic adults. Drivers may consider consuming caffeine as a means of improving vehicle control during repetitious drives.
Funding source(s): Griffith University NEURAL CORRELATES OF FOOD ADDICTION “DIAGNOSIS” AS ASSESSED BY THE YALE FOOD ADDICTION SCALE: AN EXPLORATORY PILOT STUDY K. Pursey 1, P. Stanwell 1, P. Stroman 2, C.E. Collins 1, T. Burrows 1. 1 University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia; 2 Queens University, Kingston, Canada E-mail address: [email protected] (K. Pursey). Background/Aims: To date, no studies have assessed neural responsivity to food cues in individuals specifically classified as “food addicted”. This pilot study aimed to explore differences in neural activity patterns between individuals classified as “food addicted” (FA) and “not food addicted” (non-FA) using the Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS), in response to visual food cues, as detected by blood-oxygen-level-dependent functional MRI (BOLD fMRI). Methods: Six FA and six non-FA females aged 18-35 years were recruited. Participants attended a single session which included demographics, anthropometrics, and two fMRI scans (fasted and satiated). The fMRI paradigm included task-related fMRI acquisition while participants viewed energy-dense, nutrient-poor food images, fruit/vegetable images, and control images. Correlations between YFAS scores and BOLD responses were calculated. Results: Participants were 24.1 ± 2.7 years of age with a BMI of 26.4 ± 3.7kg/m2. There were no significant between-group differences in demographics or anthropometrics (p > 0.05). Between-group differences in neural activity in response to energy-dense, nutrient-poor foods were identified in areas associated with reward processing, decision making, memory and executive functioning (p < 0.01). However, relationships between food addiction scores and BOLD responses in these areas were only significant in the non-FA group (r ¼ 0.74 - 0.83, p 0.05). Conclusions: Preliminary findings suggest that fMRI acquisition is feasible and sensitive to detecting differences in neural responsivity based on YFAS scores. However, the small sample size limited statistical power to detect differences, and larger studies are warranted. Funding source(s): University of Newcastle WHEN ASSESSING LIKING AND TASTE PROPERTIES DOES SCALE DIRECTION MATTER? A.M. Coates, A.M. Hill, L. Broad, S.Y. Tan. Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, University of South Australia, SA, Australia E-mail address: [email protected] (A.M. Coates). Background/Aims: Labelled affect magnitude (LAM) scales are commonly used tools to measure hedonic preferences to foods and taste sensations. This study aimed to determine whether the direction that each scale is presented influences perception of taste, texture and overall liking Methods: Adult participants who were not allergic to the foods being tested completed a randomized cross-over study. Participants were provided with 6 test foods to consume in a randomised order on two occasions, separated by 1 week. Vertical and horizontal versions of each scale were prepared and each individual was randomly allocated to the first scale direction. Preferences for taste, texture and overall liking were assessed with 200 mm bi-directional LAM scales. Agreement between the versions were assessed using Spearman correlations, Wilcoxon signedrank tests and Bland-Altman plots. Results: Forty females (mean ± SD age 38 ± 13 years) and 17 males (age 34 ± 13 years) completed the study. Individual foods showed strong correlations for ratings of liking between the 2 scale directions (all p < 0.05). When all responses were combined, there was no difference between the vertical or horizontal scales for taste (mean difference 0.02 ± 25.4 mm), texture (mean difference 2.3 ± 24.0 mm) and overall liking (mean difference -0.06 ± 23.3 mm) although Bland-Altman plots indicated large individual discrepancies. Participant preference for the scale direction revealed 24 people preferred horizontal, 23 vertical and 10 had no direction preference. Conclusions: This study demonstrates there is no difference in individuals being able to rate liking on horizontal or vertical scales but scales presented indifferent directions should not be used interchangeably. Funding source(s): N/A
Abstracts / Journal of Nutrition & Intermediary Metabolism 8 (2017) 60e121
LC-MS/MS QUANTIFICATION OF NEU5AC, NEU5GC AND KDN LEVELS IN DIFFERENT ORGANS AND AGES OF PIG: IMPACT NEU5GC INTAKE AND HEALTH S.N. Ji 1, F. Wang 1, Y. Chen 1, C.W. Yang 1, P.W. Zhang 1, X.B. Zhang 1, F.A. Troy, II 1, 2, B. Wang 1, 3. 1 School of Medicine, Xiamen University, China; 2 Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California School of Medicine, Davis, USA; 3 School of Animal and Veterinary Science, Charles Sturt University, NSW, Australia E-mail address: [email protected] (B. Wang). Background/Aims: Many studies have shown the relationship between exposure to the sialic acid (Sia) N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) in red meat and its risk in cancer and inflammatory diseases. Our aim was to quantify the Neu5Gc, N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) & 2-keto-3deoxy-D-glycero-D-galactonononic acid (KDN) in different organs of pigs and the impact of Sia intake from pork meat on health. Methods: The fresh and cooked spleen, kidney, lung, heart, liver, and skeletal muscle from 3-days-old (n ¼ 4-8), 38-days-old (n ¼ 10) and adult piglets (n ¼ 4) were analyzed using LC-MS/MS method. Results: (1) Lung tissue from 3 days-old piglets contained the highest level of total Sia (14.6 mmol/g protein) compared with other organs or age groups; (2) Unexpectedly, Neu5Gc was the major Sia in spleen (67-79%) and adult lung (36-49%) while free KDN was the major Sia in skeletal muscle. Conjugated Neu5Ac was the highest Sia in other organs (61-84%); (3) Skeletal muscle contained the lowest concentration of Neu5Gc in fresh and cooked meat; (4) KDN accounted for <5% of the total Sia in most organs; (5) During development, the total Sia concentration showed a 4479% decrease in all organs. Conclusions: the high level of Neu5Gc in all organs compared to skeletal muscle is a potential risk factor suggesting that dietary consumption of organ meats should be discouraged in favor of muscle to protect against cancer, cardiovascular and other inflammatory diseases. Funding source(s): Xiamen University EFFECT OF MEAL GLYCAEMIC LOAD AND CAFFEINE CONSUMPTION ON PROLONGED MONOTONOUS DRIVING PERFORMANCE C. Bragg 1, B. Desbrow 1, S. Hall 2, C. Irwin 1. 1 Menzies Health Institute Queensland and School of Allied Health Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia; 2 Menzies Health Institute Queensland and School of Pharmacy, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia E-mail address: christopher.bragg@griffithuni.edu.au (C. Bragg). Background/Aims: Monotonous driving is often unstimulating and highly repetitive. This study examined the effect of consuming meals with different glycaemic loads on prolonged monotonous driving performance. The effect of consuming caffeine with a high glycaemic load meal was also examined. Methods: Ten non-diabetic participants (7 males, mean ± SD age 51 ± 7 years,) completed a repeated measures investigation involving 3 separate trials. Participants were provided one of three treatments prior to undertaking a 90min computer-based simulated drive. Treatments included: a low glycaemic load breakfast + placebo capsules (LGL), a high glycaemic load breakfast + placebo capsules (HGL) and a high glycaemic load breakfast + caffeine capsules (3 mg/kg BW) (CAF). Driving performance measures included standard deviation of lane position (SDLP), average lane position (AVLP), number of lane crossings (LC), average speed (AVSP) and standard deviation of speed (SDSP). Analysis was conducted using repeated measures ANOVA based on a priori planned comparisons (HGLLGL; HGL-CAF). Pairwise comparisons (least significant difference) were performed on significant main effects. Results: No difference in driving parameters were observed between HGL and LGL treatments. A significant reduction in SDLP (0.36 ± 0.20 vs. 0.41 ± 0.19 cm, p ¼ 0.004) and LC (34.4 ± 31.4 vs. 56.7 ± 31.5, p ¼ 0.018) was observed in the CAF trial compared to the HGL trial. However, no differences in AVLP, AVSP and SDSP were detected. Conclusions: Altering the glycaemic load of breakfast had no effect on simulated monotonous driving performance in non-diabetic adults. Drivers may consider consuming caffeine as a means of improving vehicle control during repetitious drives.
Funding source(s): Griffith University NEURAL CORRELATES OF FOOD ADDICTION “DIAGNOSIS” AS ASSESSED BY THE YALE FOOD ADDICTION SCALE: AN EXPLORATORY PILOT STUDY K. Pursey 1, P. Stanwell 1, P. Stroman 2, C.E. Collins 1, T. Burrows 1. 1 University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia; 2 Queens University, Kingston, Canada E-mail address: [email protected] (K. Pursey). Background/Aims: To date, no studies have assessed neural responsivity to food cues in individuals specifically classified as “food addicted”. This pilot study aimed to explore differences in neural activity patterns between individuals classified as “food addicted” (FA) and “not food addicted” (non-FA) using the Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS), in response to visual food cues, as detected by blood-oxygen-level-dependent functional MRI (BOLD fMRI). Methods: Six FA and six non-FA females aged 18-35 years were recruited. Participants attended a single session which included demographics, anthropometrics, and two fMRI scans (fasted and satiated). The fMRI paradigm included task-related fMRI acquisition while participants viewed energy-dense, nutrient-poor food images, fruit/vegetable images, and control images. Correlations between YFAS scores and BOLD responses were calculated. Results: Participants were 24.1 ± 2.7 years of age with a BMI of 26.4 ± 3.7kg/m2. There were no significant between-group differences in demographics or anthropometrics (p > 0.05). Between-group differences in neural activity in response to energy-dense, nutrient-poor foods were identified in areas associated with reward processing, decision making, memory and executive functioning (p < 0.01). However, relationships between food addiction scores and BOLD responses in these areas were only significant in the non-FA group (r ¼ 0.74 - 0.83, p 0.05). Conclusions: Preliminary findings suggest that fMRI acquisition is feasible and sensitive to detecting differences in neural responsivity based on YFAS scores. However, the small sample size limited statistical power to detect differences, and larger studies are warranted. Funding source(s): University of Newcastle WHEN ASSESSING LIKING AND TASTE PROPERTIES DOES SCALE DIRECTION MATTER? A.M. Coates, A.M. Hill, L. Broad, S.Y. Tan. Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, University of South Australia, SA, Australia E-mail address: [email protected] (A.M. Coates). Background/Aims: Labelled affect magnitude (LAM) scales are commonly used tools to measure hedonic preferences to foods and taste sensations. This study aimed to determine whether the direction that each scale is presented influences perception of taste, texture and overall liking Methods: Adult participants who were not allergic to the foods being tested completed a randomized cross-over study. Participants were provided with 6 test foods to consume in a randomised order on two occasions, separated by 1 week. Vertical and horizontal versions of each scale were prepared and each individual was randomly allocated to the first scale direction. Preferences for taste, texture and overall liking were assessed with 200 mm bi-directional LAM scales. Agreement between the versions were assessed using Spearman correlations, Wilcoxon signedrank tests and Bland-Altman plots. Results: Forty females (mean ± SD age 38 ± 13 years) and 17 males (age 34 ± 13 years) completed the study. Individual foods showed strong correlations for ratings of liking between the 2 scale directions (all p < 0.05). When all responses were combined, there was no difference between the vertical or horizontal scales for taste (mean difference 0.02 ± 25.4 mm), texture (mean difference 2.3 ± 24.0 mm) and overall liking (mean difference -0.06 ± 23.3 mm) although Bland-Altman plots indicated large individual discrepancies. Participant preference for the scale direction revealed 24 people preferred horizontal, 23 vertical and 10 had no direction preference. Conclusions: This study demonstrates there is no difference in individuals being able to rate liking on horizontal or vertical scales but scales presented indifferent directions should not be used interchangeably. Funding source(s): N/A