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Neuroprotective effects of transplanted olfactory ensheathing cells on axotimized retinal ganglion cells in adult rats
S90
Abstracts / Neuroscience Research 58S (2007) S1–S244
P1-d33 Regeneration of optic nerve axons in zebrafish
P1-d38 Difference in regeneration and survival between OFF-
Hayato Sugiki 1 , Hidenori Horie 2 , Hiroko Inoue 1 1 Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan; 2 Brain and Oral Science Research Center, Kanagawa Dental College, Yokosuka, Japan
Masami Watanabe, Yoshihito Tokita Department of Perinatology, Institute of Developmental Research, Japan
The CNS of teleost fish is capable of spontaneous axon regeneration after nerve fiber injury. The mechanisms in neurons that allow successful axonal regeneration are not fully understood. Both extrinsic factors from the neuronal environment and intrinsic neuronal factors seem to play a role in successful nerve regeneration. Zebrafish retina is a useful model for the study of axonal promoting factors. In this study, we examined effects of conditioned media from neurons or cells on axonal regeneration from cultured zebrafish retinal explant. Neurite outgrowth from the explant retina was observed in the medium 10% FBS but not in the medium containing 1% FBS. However, conditioned medium from rat macrophages promoted axonal regeneration in 1% FBS up to the same level as in 10% FBS.
P1-d36 New canine spinal cord injury model free from laminec-
center ganglion cells and ON-center cells in cat retina
By detecting dendritic ramification in the IPL we examined whether fewer OFF-retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) survived axotomy and regenerated axons than ON-RGCs, and whether axonal regeneration of OFF-RGCs was promoted when number of regenerating RGCs (r-RGCs) was increased with drugs. Ratio of ON-RGCs versus OFF-RGCs was 1.26 (ON 56%/OFF 44%) in the normal retinae. In RGCs surviving axotomy, ratio of ON-cells versus OFF-cells increased to 3.1, 75%/24%, indicating ON cell dominance. In surviving RGCs of the retinae injected with nipradilol (NO donor, beta blocker) the ratio was improved to 1.2, 55%/45%. In r-RGCs of saline injected retinae (control), the ratio increased to 2.61, 72%/28%. An intravitreal injection of combination of BDNF + CNTF + forskolin increased only the number of OFF-r-RGCs. Nipradilol injection increased both ON- and OFF-r-RGCs. Immunohistochemistry showed denser trkB in the inner IPL of intact retina. Thus, lower surviving ability of OFF-RGCs may be attributed to lower density of trkB. Smaller ability to survive axotomy of OFF RGCs may result in smaller regeneration ability.
P1-d39 Neurons and astrocytes exhibit lower activities of
tory
global genome nucleotide excision repair than do fibroblasts
Katsuya Inoue 1,2 , Katsuaki Endo 1,2 , Takamitsu Fujikawa 1,2 , Seijyun Fukuda 2 , Tatsuo Nakamura 2 1 Department of Physical Therapy, Aino University, Osaka, Japan; 2 Institute for Frontier Medical Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
Aya Yamamoto 1 , Kouichi Itoh 2 , Hideto Shinno 1 , Yu Nakamura 1 1 Department of Psychiatry and Neurology, Kagawa University of Medicine, Kagawa, Japan; 2 Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science at Kagawa, Tokushima Bunri University, Kagawa, Japan
Rehabilitation is essential for functional recovery after a spinal cord injury. It requires long period and effort. To establish efficient programs for rehabilitation, we explored a new canine spinal cord injury model free from laminectomy using a balloon. After surgical operation, these dogs moved using with forelimbs alone, and showed spastic tonus in their hindlimbs. Pathological examination of the damaged spinal cord showed the formation of cavities surrounded by scar tissue containing high level of collagen. One and a half years after operation, the electromyograms of forelimb and hindlimb were measured. Forelimb integrated electromyogram (IEMG) was from 0.0106 to 0.0387, whereas, hindlimb IEMG was from 0.0036 to 0.0280. Recovery from paralysis was not observed clearly because it was the case which did not undergo systematic rehabilitation.
Nucleotide excision repair (NER) is a DNA repair pathway which eliminates various types of helix-distorting DNA damage including some forms of oxidative damage and UV-induced photoproducts. To understand why patients with NER-defective disorders develop progressive neurological abnormalities, we investigated NER capabilities in neural cells. Primary cultured neurons and astrocytes derived from rat embryonic brains were prepared in mixed-cell cultures, and fibroblasts from the same embryos were cultured for comparison. Determination of damage in situ using antibodies was used to measure NER capabilities in neural cells, which were identified by staining with specific cell markers. The results demonstrate that neural cells have significantly lower NER capabilities than fibroblasts. That result was consistent with the finding that levels of an NER-related protein (PCNA) recruited at the UV-damage sites were lower in neural cells than in fibroblasts.
P1-d37 Neuroprotective effects of transplanted olfactory ensheathing cells on axotimized retinal ganglion cells in adult rats
Primary sensorimotor activation during affected hand P1-d40 grasping after hemiparetic stroke: A cross-sectional NIRS study
Mingmei Wu 1 , Bing Hou 1 , Hao Yang 1 , Na Luo 1 , Xi-Ying Jiao 1 , Kwok-Fai So 2 , Gong Ju 1 , Si-Wei You 1 1 Institute of Neurosciences, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, PR China; 2 Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
Although olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) have been successfully used to enhance axon regeneration within the injured central nervous system, no evidence could demonstrate any in vivo protective effect of such macroglial cells on injured central neurons. In the present study, we investigated the effect of OECs on neuronal survival of axotomized retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in adult rats. OECs suspension or the same volume of DMEM/F12 medium was injected into the ocular stump of the orbitally transected ON in the experimental or control group. All animals were allowed to survive for 2, 7 or 14 days, respectively, following operation and the numbers of FluoroGold-labeled RGCs were counted. A significantly higher number (P < 0.01) was detected at 7 day in the experimental group than in the control group. Thus, transplanted OECs are capable of protecting injured RGCs at a certain period after ON transection.
Kotaro Takeda 1,2 , Itsuki Imai 2,3 , Masaharu Maeda 4 , Hiroyuki Kato 1,2 1 Department of Neurology, Int. University of Health and Welfare Hosp., Nasushiobara, Japan; 2 JST/CREST, Kawaguchi, Japan; 3 Nasu. Neurosurgery Centre, Nasushiobara, Japan; 4 Department of Occupational Therapy, Int. University of Health and Welfare, Otawara, Japan Motor recovery after stroke may be attributable to cerebral reorganization. We investigated the laterality of primary sensorimotor cortex (SM1) activation using NIRS between patients with good (n = 3) and poor (n = 5) recovery at chronic stage after stroke. NIRS probes were placed on the scalp overlying both sensorimotor cortices, and the cerebral Hb changes were recorded during five cycles of 15 s unilateral hand grasping and 30 s resting periods. We defined a contralaterality index as CI = (NcNi)/(Nc + Ni), where Nc and Ni denote the numbers of channels that show significant changes in [Oxy-Hb] of contra- and ipsi-lateral hemispheres, respectively. The good recovery patients showed a contralateral predominant pattern (CI = 0.48 ± 0.13), while CI of poor recovery patients was −0.33 ± 0.20 during affected hand grasping. This result suggests the relationship between SM1 laterality and the degrees of recovery after stroke. Research fund: JST/CREST
Abstracts / Neuroscience Research 58S (2007) S1–S244
P1-d33 Regeneration of optic nerve axons in zebrafish
P1-d38 Difference in regeneration and survival between OFF-
Hayato Sugiki 1 , Hidenori Horie 2 , Hiroko Inoue 1 1 Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan; 2 Brain and Oral Science Research Center, Kanagawa Dental College, Yokosuka, Japan
Masami Watanabe, Yoshihito Tokita Department of Perinatology, Institute of Developmental Research, Japan
The CNS of teleost fish is capable of spontaneous axon regeneration after nerve fiber injury. The mechanisms in neurons that allow successful axonal regeneration are not fully understood. Both extrinsic factors from the neuronal environment and intrinsic neuronal factors seem to play a role in successful nerve regeneration. Zebrafish retina is a useful model for the study of axonal promoting factors. In this study, we examined effects of conditioned media from neurons or cells on axonal regeneration from cultured zebrafish retinal explant. Neurite outgrowth from the explant retina was observed in the medium 10% FBS but not in the medium containing 1% FBS. However, conditioned medium from rat macrophages promoted axonal regeneration in 1% FBS up to the same level as in 10% FBS.
P1-d36 New canine spinal cord injury model free from laminec-
center ganglion cells and ON-center cells in cat retina
By detecting dendritic ramification in the IPL we examined whether fewer OFF-retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) survived axotomy and regenerated axons than ON-RGCs, and whether axonal regeneration of OFF-RGCs was promoted when number of regenerating RGCs (r-RGCs) was increased with drugs. Ratio of ON-RGCs versus OFF-RGCs was 1.26 (ON 56%/OFF 44%) in the normal retinae. In RGCs surviving axotomy, ratio of ON-cells versus OFF-cells increased to 3.1, 75%/24%, indicating ON cell dominance. In surviving RGCs of the retinae injected with nipradilol (NO donor, beta blocker) the ratio was improved to 1.2, 55%/45%. In r-RGCs of saline injected retinae (control), the ratio increased to 2.61, 72%/28%. An intravitreal injection of combination of BDNF + CNTF + forskolin increased only the number of OFF-r-RGCs. Nipradilol injection increased both ON- and OFF-r-RGCs. Immunohistochemistry showed denser trkB in the inner IPL of intact retina. Thus, lower surviving ability of OFF-RGCs may be attributed to lower density of trkB. Smaller ability to survive axotomy of OFF RGCs may result in smaller regeneration ability.
P1-d39 Neurons and astrocytes exhibit lower activities of
tory
global genome nucleotide excision repair than do fibroblasts
Katsuya Inoue 1,2 , Katsuaki Endo 1,2 , Takamitsu Fujikawa 1,2 , Seijyun Fukuda 2 , Tatsuo Nakamura 2 1 Department of Physical Therapy, Aino University, Osaka, Japan; 2 Institute for Frontier Medical Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
Aya Yamamoto 1 , Kouichi Itoh 2 , Hideto Shinno 1 , Yu Nakamura 1 1 Department of Psychiatry and Neurology, Kagawa University of Medicine, Kagawa, Japan; 2 Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science at Kagawa, Tokushima Bunri University, Kagawa, Japan
Rehabilitation is essential for functional recovery after a spinal cord injury. It requires long period and effort. To establish efficient programs for rehabilitation, we explored a new canine spinal cord injury model free from laminectomy using a balloon. After surgical operation, these dogs moved using with forelimbs alone, and showed spastic tonus in their hindlimbs. Pathological examination of the damaged spinal cord showed the formation of cavities surrounded by scar tissue containing high level of collagen. One and a half years after operation, the electromyograms of forelimb and hindlimb were measured. Forelimb integrated electromyogram (IEMG) was from 0.0106 to 0.0387, whereas, hindlimb IEMG was from 0.0036 to 0.0280. Recovery from paralysis was not observed clearly because it was the case which did not undergo systematic rehabilitation.
Nucleotide excision repair (NER) is a DNA repair pathway which eliminates various types of helix-distorting DNA damage including some forms of oxidative damage and UV-induced photoproducts. To understand why patients with NER-defective disorders develop progressive neurological abnormalities, we investigated NER capabilities in neural cells. Primary cultured neurons and astrocytes derived from rat embryonic brains were prepared in mixed-cell cultures, and fibroblasts from the same embryos were cultured for comparison. Determination of damage in situ using antibodies was used to measure NER capabilities in neural cells, which were identified by staining with specific cell markers. The results demonstrate that neural cells have significantly lower NER capabilities than fibroblasts. That result was consistent with the finding that levels of an NER-related protein (PCNA) recruited at the UV-damage sites were lower in neural cells than in fibroblasts.
P1-d37 Neuroprotective effects of transplanted olfactory ensheathing cells on axotimized retinal ganglion cells in adult rats
Primary sensorimotor activation during affected hand P1-d40 grasping after hemiparetic stroke: A cross-sectional NIRS study
Mingmei Wu 1 , Bing Hou 1 , Hao Yang 1 , Na Luo 1 , Xi-Ying Jiao 1 , Kwok-Fai So 2 , Gong Ju 1 , Si-Wei You 1 1 Institute of Neurosciences, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, PR China; 2 Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
Although olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) have been successfully used to enhance axon regeneration within the injured central nervous system, no evidence could demonstrate any in vivo protective effect of such macroglial cells on injured central neurons. In the present study, we investigated the effect of OECs on neuronal survival of axotomized retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in adult rats. OECs suspension or the same volume of DMEM/F12 medium was injected into the ocular stump of the orbitally transected ON in the experimental or control group. All animals were allowed to survive for 2, 7 or 14 days, respectively, following operation and the numbers of FluoroGold-labeled RGCs were counted. A significantly higher number (P < 0.01) was detected at 7 day in the experimental group than in the control group. Thus, transplanted OECs are capable of protecting injured RGCs at a certain period after ON transection.
Kotaro Takeda 1,2 , Itsuki Imai 2,3 , Masaharu Maeda 4 , Hiroyuki Kato 1,2 1 Department of Neurology, Int. University of Health and Welfare Hosp., Nasushiobara, Japan; 2 JST/CREST, Kawaguchi, Japan; 3 Nasu. Neurosurgery Centre, Nasushiobara, Japan; 4 Department of Occupational Therapy, Int. University of Health and Welfare, Otawara, Japan Motor recovery after stroke may be attributable to cerebral reorganization. We investigated the laterality of primary sensorimotor cortex (SM1) activation using NIRS between patients with good (n = 3) and poor (n = 5) recovery at chronic stage after stroke. NIRS probes were placed on the scalp overlying both sensorimotor cortices, and the cerebral Hb changes were recorded during five cycles of 15 s unilateral hand grasping and 30 s resting periods. We defined a contralaterality index as CI = (NcNi)/(Nc + Ni), where Nc and Ni denote the numbers of channels that show significant changes in [Oxy-Hb] of contra- and ipsi-lateral hemispheres, respectively. The good recovery patients showed a contralateral predominant pattern (CI = 0.48 ± 0.13), while CI of poor recovery patients was −0.33 ± 0.20 during affected hand grasping. This result suggests the relationship between SM1 laterality and the degrees of recovery after stroke. Research fund: JST/CREST