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Neutron imaging with low-intensity neutron sources
Modern real-time imaging systems may provide an excellent sensor for quantitative neutron radiographic measurements. The goal of this work is to develop an image processing approach that provides a quantitative relationship between grey scale and absorption over the entire image. The system removes the instrumental response of the sensor and the beam distribution and provides a direct contrast scale in units of micro-x, the effective absorption constant. The study has also been extended to develop a non-subjective approach to the evaluation of system quality and a means of predicting the level of hydrogen detectability as a function of total integrated fluence. A summary of data taken between 10/sup 6/to 10/sup 7/neutrons/era/sup 2/see is presented for varying integration times. Total system performance is summarized in a single figure of merit that predicts spatial and contrast sensitivity. 37862
Lindaay, J. T.; Jones, J.D.; Kauffman, C. W.
Real time neutron radiography a n d its' application to the study of internal combustion engines a n d fluid flow N e u t r o n Radiography, Proceedings of the Second World Conference, Paris (France), 16-20 Jun. 1986. pp. 579-586. D. Reidel Publishing Company Real time neutron radiography (RTNR) is now proving to be a valuable research tool in the study of hydrogenous fluid flow. Whereas neutron radiography compliments other forms of radiography by making it possible to image many objects and substances that otherwise can not be imaged, RTNR adds the important dimension of motion which greatly enhances the value of the technique. Further, video processing techniques used in real time radiography provide many ways in which the image can be enhanced and studied. The Phoenix Memorial Laboratory (PML) at the University of Michigan has recently developed and installed a facility dedicated to RTNR. The work at PML has shown that RTNR of dynamic events can provide information enabling the researcher to follow dynamic events that were previously impossible or impractical. 37861
Brenizer, J.S.; Hosticka, B.; Jenkins, R. W. Jr.; McRae, D.D.
37857
Ridal, A.; Ryan, N.E.
Neutron radiography of a l u m i n i n m alloy corrosion damage N e u t r o n Radiography, Proceedings of the Second World Conference, Paris (France), 16-20 Jun. 1986. pp. 463-472. D. Reidel Publishing Company The potential for neutron radiography to detect hydrogenous corrosion products in aircraft structures was examined using a series of naturally and artificially corroded aluminium alloy samples. The sensitivity of this technique for detecting corrosion damage was intiaUy assessed using the Moata reactor facility and commercial neutron radiography services. Neutron radiographs of the corroded samples were obtained using a portable accelerator and a californium- 252 isotope source. Reactor, accelerator and isotope neutron radiographs have been compared to assess the sensitivity of portable neutron sources. 37856
Rant, J.; llic, R.; Pregl, G.; Leskovar, P.; Znidar, B.
The sensitivity of neutron radiography for detection of aluminium corrosion products Neutron-Radiography, Proceedings of the Second World Conference, Paris (France), 16-20 Jun. 1986. pp. 455-462. D. Reidel Publishing Company Within a feasibility study concerning the introduction of neutron radiography as a nondestructive method into the domestic aircraft industry and for the maintenance of domestic commercial civil aircraft, the sensitivity of this technique for detection of AI corrosion products was studied experimentally. The mass thickness of a large area surface corrosion deposit which could be easily detected through thick (1 - 2 era) AI slabs was found to be at least 0.02 g/era/sup 2/. The minimal detectable mass thickness of corrosion products depends on the relative amount of Al(OH)/sub 3/and A10(OH), moisture and possible organic materials in their composition and should be in the range of 0.01 - 0.02 g/cm/sup 2/.
An advanced video system for real-time neutron radiography N e u t r o n Radiography, Proceedings of the Second World Conference, Paris (France), 16-20 Jun. 1986. pp. 571-578. D. Reidel Publishing Company An advanced video system has been assembled from commercially available equipment to support the real-time neutron radiography facility established jointly by the University of Virginia Reactor Facility and the Philip Morris Research Center. The system includes a neutron sensitive image intensifier with a modified video camera, a video timer, a special effects generator, a time base corrector, a high resolution video tape recorder and a digital image processor, The digital image processor permits quantitative analysis of the image with non-commercial as well as cc,mmercially supplied processing software. Each of the system components and other video accessories are discussed along with examples of their use.
Taniguchi, R.; Hiraoka, E.; Ono, A.; Sonoda, K.; Tazawa, S.; Nakanii, T. 37860
Statistical properties of real-time neutron radiographic image N e u t r o n Radiography, Proceedings of the Second World Conference, Paris (France), 16-20 Jun. 1986. pp. 555-562. D, Reidel Publishing Company The statistical quality of raw images produced by neutron radiography is very poor. The statistical properties of neutron images obtained from the cyclotron-based real-time neutron radiography system of Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Ltd., have been analysed using a set of LiF/ZnS(Ag) screens and high sensitive television camera. The distribution of image intensity at a constant neutron flux domain is represented well by a Poisson distribution and ripple noises appearing in the real-time image can be attributed to the fluctuation of the distribution of neutron flux. These suggest that some digital image processing techniques based on a local statistical method would be effective for a ruffled image like real-time neutron radiography. Some of the examples using contrast stretching, median filter etc. are also presented. 37859
Matsumoto, G.; Ohkubo, K,; lkeda, Y.
Real-time imaging with less intense neutron beam N e u t r o n Radiography, Proceedings of the Second World Conference, Pads (France), 16-20 Jun. 1986. pp. 547-554. D. Reidel Publishing Company Real-time imaging was attempted with small and weak neutron sources. A separate type of imaging system using an image orthicon tube was assembled for the tests. The neutron fluxes available at the exposure plane for these sources were 3 x 10/sup 3/to 3 x 10/sup 5/n/cm/sup 2/.s. Dynamic motions of samples could not be obtained at fluxes of less than 10/sup 4/n/cm/sup 2Ls. But at 10/sup 5/n/ern/sup 2/.s, fairly good neutron television images of dynamic motions were obtained. Image processing by electronic computers was very effective in improving image quality. 37858
Fischer, C.-O,; Laurenze, C.; Leuther, W.; Slusallek, K.
Autoradiography of oil paintings at the Berlin Experimental Reactor (BER II) N e u t r o n Radiography, Proceedings of the Second World Conference, Paris (France), 16-20 Jun. 1986. pp. 519-526. D. Reidel Publishing Company As part of the international research by art-historians about Rembrandt and his time, 15 paintings of the Gemaldegalerie in Berlin have been investigated by neutron activation autoradiography. The improved experimental technique is explained and results are described for a painting by Jan Vermeer van Delft.
NDT International August 1989
37855
Kedem, D.; Polichar, R.; Orphan, V.; Shreve, D.
Neutron imaging with low-intensity neutron sources N e u t r o n Radiography, Proceedings of the Second World Conference, Paris (France), 16-20 Jun. 1986. pp. 439-446, D, Reidel Publishing Company The performance of low intensity thermal neutron field radiography depends on the quality of the imaging system and the intensity and quality of the neutron beam. Therefore, the configuration and composition of the neutron moderator/collimator assembly were analyzed and optimized. The imaging system was designed to achieve maximum performance for the thermal neutron flux obtained. 37854 Bakker, J.; Baritello, A.; Beers, M.; Bordo, J.; Conrad, R.; Loelgen, R.; Markgraf, J.F. W.; Zeisser, P.
Neutron radiography of irradiation devices at the High Flux Reactor Petten N e u t r o n Radiography, Proceedings of the Second World Conference, Paris (France), 16-20 Jun. 1986. pp. 395-406. D. Reidel Publishing Company As a part of the irradiation testing programmes at the High Flux Reactor (HFR) Petten, neutron radiography is used for quality assurance and inspection of irradiation devices. The equipment, methods and typical results related to neutron radiography of irradiation devices at HFR are presented. The unique non-destructive test capability and importance of neutron radiography is shown for some representative applications.
Bakker, J.; Baritello, A.; Bordo, J.; Markgraf, J.F. W.; Leeflang, H.P.; Ruyter, L 37853
Neutron radiography of fight water reactor fuel rods at the High Flux Reactor Petten N e u t r o n Radiography, Proceedings of the Second World Conference, Paris (France), 16-20 Jun. 1986. pp. 381-394. D. Reidel Publishing Company Within the Light Water Reactor (LWR) fuel rod testing programmes at the High Flux Reactor, Petten (HFR) where more than 200 individual fuel rod tests have been performed -neutron radiography is an important and unique non-destructive test technique. Equipment, methods and typical results related to neutron radiography of LWR fuel rods at HFR are presented. The importance of neutron radiography is shown for some representative cases, addressing the condition of the fuel rod and fuel stack. 37852
Domanus, J. C.
Reference neutron radiographs of nuclear reactor fuel N e u t r o n Radiography, Proceedings of the Second World Conference, Paris (France), 16-20 Jun. 1986. pp. 375-380. D. Reidel Publishing Company Reference neutron radiographs of nuclear reactor fuel were produced by the Euratom Neutron Radiography Working Group and published in 1984 by the Reidel Publishing Company. In this collection a classification is given of the various neutron radiographic findings, that can occur in different parts of pelletized, annular and vibro-compacted nuclear fuel pins. Parts of the pins are shown where there are changes from their appearance at fabrication. Radiographs of these fabricated parts are included. The collection contains 158
247
Lindaay, J. T.; Jones, J.D.; Kauffman, C. W.
Real time neutron radiography a n d its' application to the study of internal combustion engines a n d fluid flow N e u t r o n Radiography, Proceedings of the Second World Conference, Paris (France), 16-20 Jun. 1986. pp. 579-586. D. Reidel Publishing Company Real time neutron radiography (RTNR) is now proving to be a valuable research tool in the study of hydrogenous fluid flow. Whereas neutron radiography compliments other forms of radiography by making it possible to image many objects and substances that otherwise can not be imaged, RTNR adds the important dimension of motion which greatly enhances the value of the technique. Further, video processing techniques used in real time radiography provide many ways in which the image can be enhanced and studied. The Phoenix Memorial Laboratory (PML) at the University of Michigan has recently developed and installed a facility dedicated to RTNR. The work at PML has shown that RTNR of dynamic events can provide information enabling the researcher to follow dynamic events that were previously impossible or impractical. 37861
Brenizer, J.S.; Hosticka, B.; Jenkins, R. W. Jr.; McRae, D.D.
37857
Ridal, A.; Ryan, N.E.
Neutron radiography of a l u m i n i n m alloy corrosion damage N e u t r o n Radiography, Proceedings of the Second World Conference, Paris (France), 16-20 Jun. 1986. pp. 463-472. D. Reidel Publishing Company The potential for neutron radiography to detect hydrogenous corrosion products in aircraft structures was examined using a series of naturally and artificially corroded aluminium alloy samples. The sensitivity of this technique for detecting corrosion damage was intiaUy assessed using the Moata reactor facility and commercial neutron radiography services. Neutron radiographs of the corroded samples were obtained using a portable accelerator and a californium- 252 isotope source. Reactor, accelerator and isotope neutron radiographs have been compared to assess the sensitivity of portable neutron sources. 37856
Rant, J.; llic, R.; Pregl, G.; Leskovar, P.; Znidar, B.
The sensitivity of neutron radiography for detection of aluminium corrosion products Neutron-Radiography, Proceedings of the Second World Conference, Paris (France), 16-20 Jun. 1986. pp. 455-462. D. Reidel Publishing Company Within a feasibility study concerning the introduction of neutron radiography as a nondestructive method into the domestic aircraft industry and for the maintenance of domestic commercial civil aircraft, the sensitivity of this technique for detection of AI corrosion products was studied experimentally. The mass thickness of a large area surface corrosion deposit which could be easily detected through thick (1 - 2 era) AI slabs was found to be at least 0.02 g/era/sup 2/. The minimal detectable mass thickness of corrosion products depends on the relative amount of Al(OH)/sub 3/and A10(OH), moisture and possible organic materials in their composition and should be in the range of 0.01 - 0.02 g/cm/sup 2/.
An advanced video system for real-time neutron radiography N e u t r o n Radiography, Proceedings of the Second World Conference, Paris (France), 16-20 Jun. 1986. pp. 571-578. D. Reidel Publishing Company An advanced video system has been assembled from commercially available equipment to support the real-time neutron radiography facility established jointly by the University of Virginia Reactor Facility and the Philip Morris Research Center. The system includes a neutron sensitive image intensifier with a modified video camera, a video timer, a special effects generator, a time base corrector, a high resolution video tape recorder and a digital image processor, The digital image processor permits quantitative analysis of the image with non-commercial as well as cc,mmercially supplied processing software. Each of the system components and other video accessories are discussed along with examples of their use.
Taniguchi, R.; Hiraoka, E.; Ono, A.; Sonoda, K.; Tazawa, S.; Nakanii, T. 37860
Statistical properties of real-time neutron radiographic image N e u t r o n Radiography, Proceedings of the Second World Conference, Paris (France), 16-20 Jun. 1986. pp. 555-562. D, Reidel Publishing Company The statistical quality of raw images produced by neutron radiography is very poor. The statistical properties of neutron images obtained from the cyclotron-based real-time neutron radiography system of Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Ltd., have been analysed using a set of LiF/ZnS(Ag) screens and high sensitive television camera. The distribution of image intensity at a constant neutron flux domain is represented well by a Poisson distribution and ripple noises appearing in the real-time image can be attributed to the fluctuation of the distribution of neutron flux. These suggest that some digital image processing techniques based on a local statistical method would be effective for a ruffled image like real-time neutron radiography. Some of the examples using contrast stretching, median filter etc. are also presented. 37859
Matsumoto, G.; Ohkubo, K,; lkeda, Y.
Real-time imaging with less intense neutron beam N e u t r o n Radiography, Proceedings of the Second World Conference, Pads (France), 16-20 Jun. 1986. pp. 547-554. D. Reidel Publishing Company Real-time imaging was attempted with small and weak neutron sources. A separate type of imaging system using an image orthicon tube was assembled for the tests. The neutron fluxes available at the exposure plane for these sources were 3 x 10/sup 3/to 3 x 10/sup 5/n/cm/sup 2/.s. Dynamic motions of samples could not be obtained at fluxes of less than 10/sup 4/n/cm/sup 2Ls. But at 10/sup 5/n/ern/sup 2/.s, fairly good neutron television images of dynamic motions were obtained. Image processing by electronic computers was very effective in improving image quality. 37858
Fischer, C.-O,; Laurenze, C.; Leuther, W.; Slusallek, K.
Autoradiography of oil paintings at the Berlin Experimental Reactor (BER II) N e u t r o n Radiography, Proceedings of the Second World Conference, Paris (France), 16-20 Jun. 1986. pp. 519-526. D. Reidel Publishing Company As part of the international research by art-historians about Rembrandt and his time, 15 paintings of the Gemaldegalerie in Berlin have been investigated by neutron activation autoradiography. The improved experimental technique is explained and results are described for a painting by Jan Vermeer van Delft.
NDT International August 1989
37855
Kedem, D.; Polichar, R.; Orphan, V.; Shreve, D.
Neutron imaging with low-intensity neutron sources N e u t r o n Radiography, Proceedings of the Second World Conference, Paris (France), 16-20 Jun. 1986. pp. 439-446, D, Reidel Publishing Company The performance of low intensity thermal neutron field radiography depends on the quality of the imaging system and the intensity and quality of the neutron beam. Therefore, the configuration and composition of the neutron moderator/collimator assembly were analyzed and optimized. The imaging system was designed to achieve maximum performance for the thermal neutron flux obtained. 37854 Bakker, J.; Baritello, A.; Beers, M.; Bordo, J.; Conrad, R.; Loelgen, R.; Markgraf, J.F. W.; Zeisser, P.
Neutron radiography of irradiation devices at the High Flux Reactor Petten N e u t r o n Radiography, Proceedings of the Second World Conference, Paris (France), 16-20 Jun. 1986. pp. 395-406. D. Reidel Publishing Company As a part of the irradiation testing programmes at the High Flux Reactor (HFR) Petten, neutron radiography is used for quality assurance and inspection of irradiation devices. The equipment, methods and typical results related to neutron radiography of irradiation devices at HFR are presented. The unique non-destructive test capability and importance of neutron radiography is shown for some representative applications.
Bakker, J.; Baritello, A.; Bordo, J.; Markgraf, J.F. W.; Leeflang, H.P.; Ruyter, L 37853
Neutron radiography of fight water reactor fuel rods at the High Flux Reactor Petten N e u t r o n Radiography, Proceedings of the Second World Conference, Paris (France), 16-20 Jun. 1986. pp. 381-394. D. Reidel Publishing Company Within the Light Water Reactor (LWR) fuel rod testing programmes at the High Flux Reactor, Petten (HFR) where more than 200 individual fuel rod tests have been performed -neutron radiography is an important and unique non-destructive test technique. Equipment, methods and typical results related to neutron radiography of LWR fuel rods at HFR are presented. The importance of neutron radiography is shown for some representative cases, addressing the condition of the fuel rod and fuel stack. 37852
Domanus, J. C.
Reference neutron radiographs of nuclear reactor fuel N e u t r o n Radiography, Proceedings of the Second World Conference, Paris (France), 16-20 Jun. 1986. pp. 375-380. D. Reidel Publishing Company Reference neutron radiographs of nuclear reactor fuel were produced by the Euratom Neutron Radiography Working Group and published in 1984 by the Reidel Publishing Company. In this collection a classification is given of the various neutron radiographic findings, that can occur in different parts of pelletized, annular and vibro-compacted nuclear fuel pins. Parts of the pins are shown where there are changes from their appearance at fabrication. Radiographs of these fabricated parts are included. The collection contains 158
247