- Email: [email protected]
New airborne particulate matter standard for the U.S.A.
X
trendsin analyticalchemistry, vol. 6, no. lo,1987
tended as only a meeting of chemometricians, but also as a venue for analysts interested in the application of chemometrics in daily analytical practice. Recent developments and applications will be presented, while items very much in the spotlight (expert systems!) and new chemometric subjects or items with strong chemometric aspects will be discussed.
observer
Some possible examples are process monitoring and control, sensors, and self-optimizing systems.
4th Int. Conf. on Chemometrics in Anal. Chem. Contact: CAC-88, Laboratory for Analytical Chemistry, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 166, 1018 WV Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Tel. (020) 5223541, Dr. Smit. (For details see Vol. 6.3)
H. C. SMIT Dr. Ir. H. C. Smit is at the Analytical Chemistry Laboratory at the University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 166, 1018 WV Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and can be contacted for further information about CAC 88.
topics of interest in the current literature
New airborne particulate matter standard for the U.S.A. _ Philip K. Hopke Urbana, IL, U.S.A.
Air quality in the U.S.A. is managed through two types of standards; ambient air quality standards and new point source emission standards. If a geographical area does not meet the ambient standard, the states and/or local authorities then must develop a State Implementation Plan (SIP) to show how it can be brought into compliance through controls on the various pollution sources in the region. In early June, the Administrator of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency promulgated a new National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) for airborne particulate matter replacing the old Total Suspended Particulate (TSP) standard that had been in effect for about 15 years. The new NAAQS requires a number of changes in how airborne particles are sampled and permits much wider use of chemical analysis and chemometrical methods in developing the management plan for non-attainment areas. A major criticism of the old TSP standard was that large particles contribute substantial mass causing violations, but that they did not adversely affect human health because they are too large to be respirable. Thus, the new standard requires a size-selective sampling device such that only 50% of 10 pm aerodynamic diameter particles can penetrate the 01659936/87/$03.00.
18-20 May, 1988 Amsterdam, The Netherlands
sampler and that essentially no particles greater than 20pm are collected. Thus, this sampler collects particulate matter < 10 ,um, and is known as a PM10 sampler. The sampler is only slightly affected by wind speed and not at all by direction, two substantial problems with the TSP sampler. There is provision for using neutral filters so that there is a much lower potential for artifact sulfate development on the filter from sulfur dioxide. In the past, management strategies have been developed using source-oriented dispersion models. In these models, the geographical position array of sources, their emission properties and local meteorology are the input data. The dispersion of the pollution from the sources to the affected site was then modeled. However, many difficulties have been found with these models including surface roughness, complex terrain, and the heat island effects of urban areas. An important feature of the guidance documents that the EPA are releasing with the new standard is their inclusion of receptor modeling as a tool in the management strategy development. Receptor models take the measured chemical composition of particle sources and relate them to their potential sources through a variety of
chemometrical These methods. methods have been summarized in detail by Hopke’. The use of receptor models has been increasing in the past decade as their power to assist in unraveling complex airshed problems have been recognized. The official sanctioning of their use in SIPS development means there will be much greater use of these methods as well as an increased need for the detailed chemical analysis of the particulate samples. Thus, the promulgation of the new standard opens new opportunities for utilizing sophisticated multispecies analysis methods such as X-ray fluorescence, instrumental neutron activation, and inductively coupled plasma emission to analyze the sample and provide the input data for the receptor models.
References 1
P. K. Hopke, Receptor Modeling in Environmental Chemistry, Wiley, New York, 1985.
Philip K. Hopke is at the Institute for Environmental Studies, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, 1005 W. Western Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, U.S.A.
@ Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.
trendsin analyticalchemistry, vol. 6, no. lo,1987
tended as only a meeting of chemometricians, but also as a venue for analysts interested in the application of chemometrics in daily analytical practice. Recent developments and applications will be presented, while items very much in the spotlight (expert systems!) and new chemometric subjects or items with strong chemometric aspects will be discussed.
observer
Some possible examples are process monitoring and control, sensors, and self-optimizing systems.
4th Int. Conf. on Chemometrics in Anal. Chem. Contact: CAC-88, Laboratory for Analytical Chemistry, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 166, 1018 WV Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Tel. (020) 5223541, Dr. Smit. (For details see Vol. 6.3)
H. C. SMIT Dr. Ir. H. C. Smit is at the Analytical Chemistry Laboratory at the University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 166, 1018 WV Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and can be contacted for further information about CAC 88.
topics of interest in the current literature
New airborne particulate matter standard for the U.S.A. _ Philip K. Hopke Urbana, IL, U.S.A.
Air quality in the U.S.A. is managed through two types of standards; ambient air quality standards and new point source emission standards. If a geographical area does not meet the ambient standard, the states and/or local authorities then must develop a State Implementation Plan (SIP) to show how it can be brought into compliance through controls on the various pollution sources in the region. In early June, the Administrator of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency promulgated a new National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) for airborne particulate matter replacing the old Total Suspended Particulate (TSP) standard that had been in effect for about 15 years. The new NAAQS requires a number of changes in how airborne particles are sampled and permits much wider use of chemical analysis and chemometrical methods in developing the management plan for non-attainment areas. A major criticism of the old TSP standard was that large particles contribute substantial mass causing violations, but that they did not adversely affect human health because they are too large to be respirable. Thus, the new standard requires a size-selective sampling device such that only 50% of 10 pm aerodynamic diameter particles can penetrate the 01659936/87/$03.00.
18-20 May, 1988 Amsterdam, The Netherlands
sampler and that essentially no particles greater than 20pm are collected. Thus, this sampler collects particulate matter < 10 ,um, and is known as a PM10 sampler. The sampler is only slightly affected by wind speed and not at all by direction, two substantial problems with the TSP sampler. There is provision for using neutral filters so that there is a much lower potential for artifact sulfate development on the filter from sulfur dioxide. In the past, management strategies have been developed using source-oriented dispersion models. In these models, the geographical position array of sources, their emission properties and local meteorology are the input data. The dispersion of the pollution from the sources to the affected site was then modeled. However, many difficulties have been found with these models including surface roughness, complex terrain, and the heat island effects of urban areas. An important feature of the guidance documents that the EPA are releasing with the new standard is their inclusion of receptor modeling as a tool in the management strategy development. Receptor models take the measured chemical composition of particle sources and relate them to their potential sources through a variety of
chemometrical These methods. methods have been summarized in detail by Hopke’. The use of receptor models has been increasing in the past decade as their power to assist in unraveling complex airshed problems have been recognized. The official sanctioning of their use in SIPS development means there will be much greater use of these methods as well as an increased need for the detailed chemical analysis of the particulate samples. Thus, the promulgation of the new standard opens new opportunities for utilizing sophisticated multispecies analysis methods such as X-ray fluorescence, instrumental neutron activation, and inductively coupled plasma emission to analyze the sample and provide the input data for the receptor models.
References 1
P. K. Hopke, Receptor Modeling in Environmental Chemistry, Wiley, New York, 1985.
Philip K. Hopke is at the Institute for Environmental Studies, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, 1005 W. Western Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, U.S.A.
@ Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.