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New British fungi
228
Fungi, which I have passed in brief review from the earliest times to the present day, shewing the great advances which have been made from time to time in the studies of Fungi.
NEW BRITISH
FUNGI.
By John W. Ellis, M.B., F.E.S. Diaporthe longirostris (Tu!.) Sacco Valsa longirostris Tu!. Se!. Fung. Carp. II., 200. Sacco Sylloge I., 609. Stroma scanty, situated in the outer layer of the bark; perithecia oval, arranged in groups of three to eight or more in an irregular circle, with long ("5-"75 mm.), slender, straight or slightly curved necks, which taper slightly towards the extremity and which project above the surface of the bark in clusters; contents of perithecium dark grey; asci elongate-elliptical with a short stalk, 30-40p. x 8- 12P. ; spores crowded, bi-seriate, linear-oblong, slightly curved, obtuse or sub-acute at both ends, at first simple with four vacuoles, then uniseptate and slightly constricted at the septum, 17-20p. x 3·5p., hyaline. On dead bark of Acer Pseudo-platanus, Hassop, Derbyshire, May 25, 1915. But for the uniseptate spores this species might easily be mistaken for 11alsa ceratophora Tu!. The determination of this species was kindly confirmed by' the eminent Italian mycologist, Professor P. A. Saccardo. Phoma striceformis Dur. et Mont. Alg. p. 603. Syl!. n. 977. Sacco Syl!. III., p. 131 (No. 785). Perithecia more or less elongate oval, at first covered by the epidermis, then opening by a long slit (in a hysteriiform manner). The perithecia which are arranged between the longitudinal fibres of the stem tend to unite longitudinally so as to produce distinct dark lines. Spores elliptical, rounded at both ends, and containing two prominent guttul
229 by a small round pore; spores oblong-fusoid, hyaline, with two guttulce, 7-8 x 2' 5-3"", on sporophores of about twice the length of the spores. On fallen petioles of .lEsculus hippocastanum, accompanied by a Diaporthe (?) without spores. Hooton, Cheshire, May I, 1915. Recorded by Saccardo from France and Italy.
Cytospora pruinosa Sacco Mich, 1., p. S19, var. LantanCl! Sacco (loc. cit.). Stroma grey, multilocular, causing a distinct roundish swelling beneath the epidermis, which finally bears at the most prominent portion a grey disk which is pierced by a black ostiole; spores allantoid, 5-7"" x I,..., hyaline, on branched sporophores. On dead twigs of Viburnum Opulus, Raby Mere, Cheshirel Jan. 23, 19 15. This plant was transferred to Dendrophoma pruinosa in Saccardo's Sylloge IlL, 179, and placed by him in that genus, probably on account of its branched sporophores. This latter character, however, is one possessed by other species of the genus Cytospora, e.g., C. Abietis, besides which the species in question undoubtedly has a multilocular stroma. The type form of C, pruinosa has been recorded from Twycross, on Ash. Cytospora Sarothamni Sacco Sylloge IlL, p. 272 (No. 1582). Stroma multicellular, situated beneath the epidermis, which becomes elevated and convex and terminates in a grey disc from which the ostiole ultimately protrudes as a black papilla. Spores cylindrical, straight or slightly curved, 7-9p. XI'S,..., hyaline, on caespitose sporophores, which are 12-15,... long. On dead branches of Cytisus scoparius, near West Kirby, Cheshire, April, 1915. Hitherto recorded only from Germany. n.s. Peritheciis gregariis, in maculis pallidis, i mill. diam., globosis, luteo-fuscis, poro pertuso apertis; sporis cylindricis utrinque rotundatis, uni-septatis, 10-12,... x 3,..., hyalinis. In caulis emortuis BrassicCl! campestris, Hadlow Road, Cheshire, June 21, 1913. Certainly distinct from Ascochyta BrassicCl! Thiim., which has much larger and acutely pointed spores.
ASCOCHYTA OLERACEA
Hendersonia Epilobii Fautrey in Rev. Mycol. (1889) 152; Sacco Syll. x., 825, Perithecia elongate-ovate, arranged somewhat in rows, covered by the epidermis, black, opening by a minute pore;
23°
spores elongate oval, 3-septate, I 5JL x 6-7JL, yellow, with the basal joint paler; sporophores 20JL x IJL, hyaline. On dead stems of Epilobium hirsutum at Meals, Cheshire, March, 1915.
M yzosporium incarnatum (Desm.) Bonord. Handb., p. 56; Sacco Mich. 1, p. 116, F. it. t. ro73; Syll. Fung. III., p. 722 (No. 3769)· Pustules more or less convex, sub-epidermal, somewhat paler than the surrounding bark; spores obovoid or sub-pyriform, hyaline or slightly flesh coloured, distinctly granular, I 5-20JL x 8- 10JL, on sporophores 20-24JL x 2JL. On dead twigs of Laburnum, Eastham, Cheshire, May, 1915. Probably this is M. Roumegueri Sacco Mich. II., p. 354, Syl!. loco cit., which seems to differ from M. incarnatum only in. its slightly larger (25-27JL x 8-roJL) spores, which are less pyriform in outline, a difference which sc;:arcely justifies more than varietal rank, and it is only treated as a sub-species in Rabenh. Cryp. Fl. 7, p. 52!. My specimens appear to be somewhat intermediate between type and variety. The type has occurred on various trees in the mid-European area; M. Roumegueri only on Laburnum in the South of France. Myzosporium Lanceola Sacco et Roum. Reliq. Myc. Lib. Ser. IV., No. 168, f. 48; Sylloge Ill, p. 726 (No. 3797). Pustules pallid, surrounded by a dark line, subcutaneous, causing the epidermis to project as small, convex, smooth, swellings which are paler than the surrounding cortex; finally the epidermis becomes ruptured and the spores are extended as a flesh-coloured tubercle (or when dryas a whitish powder); spores oblong-fusiform, straight or slightly curved, with the ends sub-acute or slightly obtuse, 14-22JL x 3-4JL, hyaline. On terminal twigs of oak, Capenhurst, Cheshire, May, 1915. Previously recorded by Libert from the Ardennes. Septomyza /Esculi Sacco (Myzosporium ? aberrans Sacco Mich. 1, 128) Sylloge Ill, 766, No. 4022. Pustules gregarious, pale ochreous within, situated beneath the epidermis, which is slightly raised and paler than the surrounding bark, then erumpent as a flesh-coloured or pinkish tubercle; spores oblong-fusiform, slightly obtuse at both ends, uniseptate, 12-16,.,. x 2'5-3"", hyaline. On twigs of /Esculus hippocastanum, Hooton, Cheshire, May, 1915. Previously recorded only from Germany.
SEPTOMYXA FAGICOLA n.S. Acervulis subconvexis, nigris, primo epidermide velatis dein erumpentibus in globulis nigris; sporis oblongo-fusiformibus, untrinque obtusis, rectis vel leniter curvatis, 4-guttulatis, unisep. tatis, 12-241-' x 2-31£, hyalinis. In ramulis Fagi sylvatici, Hassop, Derbyshire, May 24, 1915. The spores are indistinctly septate until treated with iodine, when the vacuoles disappear and the septum becomes prominently visible.
NEW OR RARE MICROFUNCI. By A. Lorrain Smith, F.L.S., and
f. Ramsbottom, M.A.
We are again indebted to Mr. D. A. Boyd for forwarding to us the interesting species of microfungi which he has gathered, and which include many new records for the country and many species new to science. In the present paper we have taken the opportunity to gather together many stray records of Phycomycetes, and have also included the species of Plasmodiophoraceae made known by the work of Dr. E. J. Schwartz. PLA8MODIOPHORACEAE.
SOROSPHAERA Schroet. Kryptfl. Schles. IlL, I, p. 135 (1886). Occupying the interior of the host cells. Spores ellipsoidcuneate, several united into hollow balls, surrounded by a common membrane.
S. Veronicae Schroet. I.c. Spores cinnamon-brown: spore balls (sorospheres) globose or ellipsoid, 18-281£ x 18-231-', several in one host cell formed of numerous ovate spores, wedge-shaped, with narrow part inwards, 8-91£ x 4-4'51£, with a smooth clear-brown membrane thickened over the apex. Forming cylindrical, often curved tubercles about 3 mm. thick in stems and petioles of Veronica Chamaedrys. Sevenoaks, Kent (Blomfield and Schwartz in Ann. Bot. XXIV., p. 35 (19 10
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LrGNIERA Maire and Tison 10 Compt. Rend. CLII., p. 206 (191 I). Parasitic in the unchanged cells of the host not forminK tumours: spores united in variously shaped masses.
Fungi, which I have passed in brief review from the earliest times to the present day, shewing the great advances which have been made from time to time in the studies of Fungi.
NEW BRITISH
FUNGI.
By John W. Ellis, M.B., F.E.S. Diaporthe longirostris (Tu!.) Sacco Valsa longirostris Tu!. Se!. Fung. Carp. II., 200. Sacco Sylloge I., 609. Stroma scanty, situated in the outer layer of the bark; perithecia oval, arranged in groups of three to eight or more in an irregular circle, with long ("5-"75 mm.), slender, straight or slightly curved necks, which taper slightly towards the extremity and which project above the surface of the bark in clusters; contents of perithecium dark grey; asci elongate-elliptical with a short stalk, 30-40p. x 8- 12P. ; spores crowded, bi-seriate, linear-oblong, slightly curved, obtuse or sub-acute at both ends, at first simple with four vacuoles, then uniseptate and slightly constricted at the septum, 17-20p. x 3·5p., hyaline. On dead bark of Acer Pseudo-platanus, Hassop, Derbyshire, May 25, 1915. But for the uniseptate spores this species might easily be mistaken for 11alsa ceratophora Tu!. The determination of this species was kindly confirmed by' the eminent Italian mycologist, Professor P. A. Saccardo. Phoma striceformis Dur. et Mont. Alg. p. 603. Syl!. n. 977. Sacco Syl!. III., p. 131 (No. 785). Perithecia more or less elongate oval, at first covered by the epidermis, then opening by a long slit (in a hysteriiform manner). The perithecia which are arranged between the longitudinal fibres of the stem tend to unite longitudinally so as to produce distinct dark lines. Spores elliptical, rounded at both ends, and containing two prominent guttul
229 by a small round pore; spores oblong-fusoid, hyaline, with two guttulce, 7-8 x 2' 5-3"", on sporophores of about twice the length of the spores. On fallen petioles of .lEsculus hippocastanum, accompanied by a Diaporthe (?) without spores. Hooton, Cheshire, May I, 1915. Recorded by Saccardo from France and Italy.
Cytospora pruinosa Sacco Mich, 1., p. S19, var. LantanCl! Sacco (loc. cit.). Stroma grey, multilocular, causing a distinct roundish swelling beneath the epidermis, which finally bears at the most prominent portion a grey disk which is pierced by a black ostiole; spores allantoid, 5-7"" x I,..., hyaline, on branched sporophores. On dead twigs of Viburnum Opulus, Raby Mere, Cheshirel Jan. 23, 19 15. This plant was transferred to Dendrophoma pruinosa in Saccardo's Sylloge IlL, 179, and placed by him in that genus, probably on account of its branched sporophores. This latter character, however, is one possessed by other species of the genus Cytospora, e.g., C. Abietis, besides which the species in question undoubtedly has a multilocular stroma. The type form of C, pruinosa has been recorded from Twycross, on Ash. Cytospora Sarothamni Sacco Sylloge IlL, p. 272 (No. 1582). Stroma multicellular, situated beneath the epidermis, which becomes elevated and convex and terminates in a grey disc from which the ostiole ultimately protrudes as a black papilla. Spores cylindrical, straight or slightly curved, 7-9p. XI'S,..., hyaline, on caespitose sporophores, which are 12-15,... long. On dead branches of Cytisus scoparius, near West Kirby, Cheshire, April, 1915. Hitherto recorded only from Germany. n.s. Peritheciis gregariis, in maculis pallidis, i mill. diam., globosis, luteo-fuscis, poro pertuso apertis; sporis cylindricis utrinque rotundatis, uni-septatis, 10-12,... x 3,..., hyalinis. In caulis emortuis BrassicCl! campestris, Hadlow Road, Cheshire, June 21, 1913. Certainly distinct from Ascochyta BrassicCl! Thiim., which has much larger and acutely pointed spores.
ASCOCHYTA OLERACEA
Hendersonia Epilobii Fautrey in Rev. Mycol. (1889) 152; Sacco Syll. x., 825, Perithecia elongate-ovate, arranged somewhat in rows, covered by the epidermis, black, opening by a minute pore;
23°
spores elongate oval, 3-septate, I 5JL x 6-7JL, yellow, with the basal joint paler; sporophores 20JL x IJL, hyaline. On dead stems of Epilobium hirsutum at Meals, Cheshire, March, 1915.
M yzosporium incarnatum (Desm.) Bonord. Handb., p. 56; Sacco Mich. 1, p. 116, F. it. t. ro73; Syll. Fung. III., p. 722 (No. 3769)· Pustules more or less convex, sub-epidermal, somewhat paler than the surrounding bark; spores obovoid or sub-pyriform, hyaline or slightly flesh coloured, distinctly granular, I 5-20JL x 8- 10JL, on sporophores 20-24JL x 2JL. On dead twigs of Laburnum, Eastham, Cheshire, May, 1915. Probably this is M. Roumegueri Sacco Mich. II., p. 354, Syl!. loco cit., which seems to differ from M. incarnatum only in. its slightly larger (25-27JL x 8-roJL) spores, which are less pyriform in outline, a difference which sc;:arcely justifies more than varietal rank, and it is only treated as a sub-species in Rabenh. Cryp. Fl. 7, p. 52!. My specimens appear to be somewhat intermediate between type and variety. The type has occurred on various trees in the mid-European area; M. Roumegueri only on Laburnum in the South of France. Myzosporium Lanceola Sacco et Roum. Reliq. Myc. Lib. Ser. IV., No. 168, f. 48; Sylloge Ill, p. 726 (No. 3797). Pustules pallid, surrounded by a dark line, subcutaneous, causing the epidermis to project as small, convex, smooth, swellings which are paler than the surrounding cortex; finally the epidermis becomes ruptured and the spores are extended as a flesh-coloured tubercle (or when dryas a whitish powder); spores oblong-fusiform, straight or slightly curved, with the ends sub-acute or slightly obtuse, 14-22JL x 3-4JL, hyaline. On terminal twigs of oak, Capenhurst, Cheshire, May, 1915. Previously recorded by Libert from the Ardennes. Septomyza /Esculi Sacco (Myzosporium ? aberrans Sacco Mich. 1, 128) Sylloge Ill, 766, No. 4022. Pustules gregarious, pale ochreous within, situated beneath the epidermis, which is slightly raised and paler than the surrounding bark, then erumpent as a flesh-coloured or pinkish tubercle; spores oblong-fusiform, slightly obtuse at both ends, uniseptate, 12-16,.,. x 2'5-3"", hyaline. On twigs of /Esculus hippocastanum, Hooton, Cheshire, May, 1915. Previously recorded only from Germany.
SEPTOMYXA FAGICOLA n.S. Acervulis subconvexis, nigris, primo epidermide velatis dein erumpentibus in globulis nigris; sporis oblongo-fusiformibus, untrinque obtusis, rectis vel leniter curvatis, 4-guttulatis, unisep. tatis, 12-241-' x 2-31£, hyalinis. In ramulis Fagi sylvatici, Hassop, Derbyshire, May 24, 1915. The spores are indistinctly septate until treated with iodine, when the vacuoles disappear and the septum becomes prominently visible.
NEW OR RARE MICROFUNCI. By A. Lorrain Smith, F.L.S., and
f. Ramsbottom, M.A.
We are again indebted to Mr. D. A. Boyd for forwarding to us the interesting species of microfungi which he has gathered, and which include many new records for the country and many species new to science. In the present paper we have taken the opportunity to gather together many stray records of Phycomycetes, and have also included the species of Plasmodiophoraceae made known by the work of Dr. E. J. Schwartz. PLA8MODIOPHORACEAE.
SOROSPHAERA Schroet. Kryptfl. Schles. IlL, I, p. 135 (1886). Occupying the interior of the host cells. Spores ellipsoidcuneate, several united into hollow balls, surrounded by a common membrane.
S. Veronicae Schroet. I.c. Spores cinnamon-brown: spore balls (sorospheres) globose or ellipsoid, 18-281£ x 18-231-', several in one host cell formed of numerous ovate spores, wedge-shaped, with narrow part inwards, 8-91£ x 4-4'51£, with a smooth clear-brown membrane thickened over the apex. Forming cylindrical, often curved tubercles about 3 mm. thick in stems and petioles of Veronica Chamaedrys. Sevenoaks, Kent (Blomfield and Schwartz in Ann. Bot. XXIV., p. 35 (19 10
».
LrGNIERA Maire and Tison 10 Compt. Rend. CLII., p. 206 (191 I). Parasitic in the unchanged cells of the host not forminK tumours: spores united in variously shaped masses.