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New British records
Volume 13, Part 1, February 1999
NEW BRITISH RECORDS ASCOMYCOTA (Ascomycetes) Hyaloscyphaceae 146. Lach.nu m uirtembergenee (Matheis) Raitv. in Folia Crypt. Eston. 17: 4 (1985). The apothecia are minute, ca 0.3 mm diam. or less , and s e a t ed on the smaller veins of skeletonized leaves in litter. They are white externally, wit h the disc pale lemon to cream and surrounded by long white hairs. Microscopically the species is quite distinct, being characterised by thick-walled, hyaline hairs, up to ca 220 [J.m long in the British material, which bear crystal masses at the apex. The hairs are cylindrical, sometimes slightly wider at the tip , and finely granulate throughout. Asci are 8-spored, 46 - 58 (- 63) x 6 - 7 um, with pore deep blue in Melzer 's reagent, and the spores are fusoid , sometimes becoming I-septate, measuring in the British collection 11.5 - 16 (- 17) x 2 - 2.5 (- 3) [J.m. Paraphyses are filiform , pointed at the apex, 1-1.5 [J.m diam., and longer than the asci by 8 - 10 [J.m. The species, described from Germany where it is known also on de caying leaves of Vaccinium uliginosum, is discussed and fully illustrated by Matheis (1977, as Das y scyphus ). As noted by Matheis, it seems closely related to 1. patulum (Pers.) Rehm, on Quercus leaves, which differs particularly in its smaller spores. Specimen examined: Scotland , Perthshire, Abernethy Forest, Compo 34, on skeletonized leaf of Vaccinium myrtillus in litter, 8 S ept. 1997, A. Leonard, K(M)54683 . Leotiaceae 147. Grahamiella variabile (Nograsek & Matzer) Spooner, comb. nov. Basionym : Crocicreas oariab il e Nograsek & Matzer in Nova Hedw. 53: 453 (1991). Graham iella Spooner (Spooner, 1981) was established for G. dryadis (Nannf. ex Holm) Spooner, a speci es with tiny, olive-brown apothecia on leaf hairs of fallen leaves of Dryas. It is characterized by the structure of the outer excipulum, which comprises a textura oblita with brown , granular encrusting pigment, a marginal fringe of thick-walled hairs, and habitat; it seems closely related to Allophylaria (P. Karst.) P. Karst. and Cyathicula de Not. The present species has the same habit as the type, on leaf
hairs of fallen leaves of Dryas, and a similar structure but is distinguished most notably by its slightly larger apothecia (up to 300 urn diam.), larger spores which are consistently 3-septate at maturity, larger asci and indistinct marginal fringe. In the present collection spores measure 16 - 23 x 3 - 4 [J.m and asci are 55 - 65 x 10 - 11 [J.m. The species is fully de scribed and illustrated by Nograsek & Matzer (1991), and is otherwise known from Sweden and Austria. Specimen examin ed: Ireland , Co. Clare, Burren, roadside S. of Bell Harbour, on dead leaves of Dryas octopetala in litter, 26 May 1986, Spooner, K(M) 56068. Lasiosphaeriaceae 148. Cercophora septentrionalis N. Lundq. in Symb . Bot. Ups. 20 (1): 100 (1972). Perithecia are gregarious, mostly superficial on the substrate or sometimes basally immersed, conical, ostiolate, and measure ca 500 flm diam . The p eridium has a vi olaceous t inge and is densely covered with long, brown hyphae. Asci are narrowly clavate, 140 - 170 x 14 - 16 flm , with thickened apical ring, but lacking a subapical globulus , and 8-spored. Spores lie in 2 - 3 series within t h e ascus and are at first h yalin e , guttulate and vermiform, becoming I-septate within the ascus; apical cell soon becoming brown, with slightly excentric apical germ pore, and m easuring 14 - 16 x 8 - 9 [J.m ; lower cell remaining hyaline, or occasionally with pale brown pigment, cylindric, obtuse, curved toward s the tip, 27 - 33 x 4 - 5 [J.m; tapered gelatinous appendages are present at each end of the spore, but difficult to observe. Peridial hyphae brown , flexuous, septate, 2.5 - 3.5 [J.m diam., with slightly thickened walls. The species is distinguished by the violaceous tinge to the peridium, most readily observed in fresh material, th e dens e covering of brown hyphae, ascus and spore characters, and occurrence on horse dung. It was described from horse dung in Sweden, and is known from various parts of Europe and also from Canada and U.S .A. The specie s is fully described and illustrated by Lundquist (1972). Specimen examined : England, Middlesex, Perivale Wood, on old horse dung and rotting grass, 30 July 1996, Henrici, K(M)39299.
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Volume 13, Part 1, February 1999 BASIDIOMYCOTA (Basidiomycetes)
Steccherinaceae 149. Steccherinum separabilimum (Pouzar) Vesterh. in Nordic J.Bot. 16: 216 (1996). This resupinate, poroid species is close to the common Steccherinum nitidum (Pers.: Fr.) Vesterh, but distinguished by its larger pores and wider basidiospores. It has been recorded throughout continental Europe, but not previously in the British Isles. As a poroid species, S. separabilimum was previously referred to the genus Junghuhnia Corda, but microscopically the two genera are much the same. The species is described and illustrated (as Junghuhnia separabilima (Pouzar) Ryvarden) in Ryvarden & Gilbertson (1993). Specimen examined: England, Suffolk, Mildenhall Woods, on sandy soil, edge of plantation (Pinus, Betula), 19 Oct. 1996, Legon, K(M)42818. Chaetoporellaceae 150. Odonticium romellii (S. Lundell) Parmasto, Cansp. Syst. Cort.: 126 (1968). This is a resupinate, whitish, toothed fungus with thick-walled clampless hyphae and suballantoid basidiospores. Fully described and illustrated in Eriksson .et al (1979), Odonticium ramellii is said to be a high northern, continental species, restricted to conifers and part of the taiga element of European fungi. As such, its discovery in Scotland is rather surprising. Specimen examined: Scotland, Aberdeenshire, Inverey, Mar Lodge Estate, on Pinus sylvestris log in conifer plantation, 4 Sept. 1997, Henrici, K(M)54636. Atheliaceae 151. Merulicium fusisporum (Romell) J. Erikss. & Ryvarden, Cart. North. Eur. 4: 861 (1976). Merulicium fusisporum is a white, somewhat plicate, corticioid fungus immediately distinguishable microscopically by its dextrinoid skeletal hyphae and fusiform basidiospores. On the continent the species is associated with Picea brash and as such is unexpected in Britain, where spruce is not native. Once established over here, it may well spread into other mature spruce plantations. It is described and illustrated in Eriksson & Ryvarden (1976).
Specimen examined: England, Hampshire, New Forest, Little Holmhill Inclosure, on rotten Picea wood, 8 Dec. 1996, Legon, K(M)44245. Sistotremataceae 152. Brevicellicium exile (H. S. Jacks.) K. H. Larss. & Hjortstam in Mycotaxon 7: 118 (1978). Originally described from North America and considered rare in Europe, Brevicellicium exile is an inconspicuous corticioid fungus, similar to the much commoner B. alivascens but with ellipsoid basidiospores. It is fully described and well illustrated in Hjortstam et al (1988). Specimen examined: England, Devon, Torquay, Lincombe Slopes, on living trunk of Acer pseudoplatanus, 25 Dec. 1995, Roberts, K(M)33126.
153. Coronicium gemmiferum (Bourdot & Galzin) J. Erikss. & Ryvarden, Cort. North. Eur. 3: 297 (1975). Coronicium gemmiferum is an inconspicuous, corticioid species growing on fallen wood and litter, distinguished by its dense hymenium, fusiform cystidia which are often capped with a brownish exudate, and amygdaliform basidiospores. It was originally described from France and has rarely been found since. The species is described and illustrated in Eriksson & Ryvarden (1975). Specimen examined: England, Hertfordshire, Benington, Combs Wood, on fallen Fraxinus bark, 14 Jan. 1998, Robinson, K(M)55906. Botryobasidiaceae 154. Botryobasidium intertextum (Schwein.) Julich & Stalpers in Verh. kon. Ned. Akad. Wetensch., Md. Natuurk 2,74: 56 (1980). B. angustisporum (Boidin), P.H.B. Talbot in Persoonia 3: 395 (1965). Botryobasidium intertextum is a thin, corticioid fungus distinguished from commoner Botryobasidium species by its partly clamped hyphae and long, narrow basidiospores. The species has been reported throughout Europe, but not previously in the British Isles. It is well described and illustrated in Langer (1994). Specimen examined: Scotland, Perthshire, Black Wood of Rannoch, on fallen branch of Pinus sylvestris, 1 Sept. 1997, Henrici, K(M)54640.
Volume 13, Part 1, February 1999 Lindtneriaceae 155. Cristinia rhenana Grosse-Brauckm. in Mycotaxon 47: 407 (1993). Cristinia Parmasto is a small genus of corticioid fungi forming rather loose, hypochnoid basidiomes with cyanophilous granulations in the basidia. Cristinia rhenana, recently described and illustrated from Germany (Hjortstam & Grosse-Brauckmann, 1993), is distinguished by having a smooth hymenophore, basal hyphae with scattered clamp-connexions, and comparatively large, subglobose basidiospores, 5 - 7 \-tm diam. A distinctive feature of this species is a transient violet reaction with KOH. The determination of the British record was kindly confirmed by K. Hjortstam. Specimen examined: England, Surrey, Richmond, Ham Lands, on rotting wood chips of Populus, 5 Nov. 1996, Legon, K(M)42495. Tricholomataceae 156. Armillaria ectypa (Fr.: Fr.) D. Lam. in C. R. hebd. Seanc. Acad. Sci., Paris 260: 4562 (1965). An evelate species of Armillaria (Fr.: Fr.) Staude, belonging to the section Desarmillaria Herink. It is rare throughout Europe, and differs from all other species of Armillaria in having basidiomata which are terrestrial, growing either solitary or in small clusters in marshland. The pileus is ochraceous brown becoming translucent towards the margin and only faintly squamulose at the disk; the lamellae are subdistant; and the stipe is cylindrical, not swollen at the base. A good, illustrated account may be found in Marchand (1986: pl. 814). Specimen examined: England, Westmorland, Sunbiggin Tarn, on damp mossy fen grassland, 3 Oct. 1995, Jefferies, K(M)36368.
Entolomataceae 157. Entoloma phaeocyathus Noordel. in Persoonia 12: 461 (1985). This omphalioid species is characterised by a small pileus, up to 1.8 em diam., which is dark sepia to reddish brown, striate when moist, drying paler; lamellae decurrent; stipe up to 2 em long; and isodiametric basidiospores, 8 - 10 x 7 9 um, with 5 - 6 facets in profile. Entoloma phaeocyathus belongs to the subgenus Claudopus (Gillet) NoordeI., and differs from E. rusticoides
(Gillet) Noordel. by the presence of broadly clavate cheilocystidia. A full description is found in Noordeloos (1988:174). Specimen examined: Wales, West Glamorgan, Crymlyn Burrows, in short turf on fixed dunes, 19 Sept. 1994, Collings, K(M)30603. Russulaceae 158. Russula postiana Romell in Ofv. Kongl. Ventensk-Akad. Forh., Stockholm 1891, no.3: 183 (1891). R. olivascens Pers. sensu Bres., Icon. Mycol. 10: p1.464 (1929), non R. olivascens Fr., Monogr. Hymen. Suec. 2: 187 (1861). R. multicolor Blum in Bull. Soc. Mycol. Fr. 76: 266 (1960). Pileus 3 - 7 em diam., olivaceous brown to bronze with indefinite violaceous zones; lamellae cream with an orange tint; stipe white; context mild, inodorous; spore deposit yellow; basidiospores spinose; associated with conifers. Russula postiana is allied to R. lutea (Huds.: Fr.) Gray, which has a shiny, egg-yellow to lemonyellow pileus and grows with deciduous trees. It belongs to Section Russula subsect Chamaeleontinae Sing., whilst R. olivascens Fr. is allied to R. xerampelina (Schaeff.) Fr. in the Section Viridantes Melzer & Zvara. For a detailed description, see Romagnesi (1967, as R. olivascens Pers.), and a coloured illustration was published by Courtecuisse & Duhem (1995: 394, fig. 1497). Specimen examined: Scotland, Perthshire, Black Wood of Rannoch, near Pinus sylvestris, 1 Sept. 1997, P. Leonard, K(M)54611. Tremellaceae 159. Tremella invasa (Hauerslev) Hauerslev in Nordic J.Bot. 16: 218 (1996). This cryptic Tremella Pers. species is only otherwise known from the Danish type collection, where it was also parasitizing a species of Trechispora P. Karst. It does not form visible basidiomes, but occurs in the hymenium of its corticioid host. The basidia are unusually small for Tremella, just 6 - 7 \-tm wide, with commensurately small, subglobose basidiospores, 3.5 - 4 x 2 - 3.5 um. Specimen examined: England, Surrey, Oxshott Heath, on Trechispora stellul.ata growing on Dryopteris, 4 Dec. 1994, Roberts 886, K(M)30540.
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Volume 13, Part 1, February 1999 BASIDIO MYCOTA (Usto mycetes)
Tilleti aceae 160. Entyloma ver on ica e (Halst.) Lagerh . in Bull . Soc. Mycol. Fr. 7: 170 (1891). E. vero nicicola Lin d r. in Acta So c. Faun a Fl. Fenn. 26: 13 (1904). Sori in leaves, causing spots. Leaf spots round, sligh tl y ra ised , brownish , 0.8 - 1.5 mm diam., m ostly solitary, occasionally tw o on each leaf. Ustilospores 11 - 17 flm diam ., slightly yellowish, subglobose or ang ular in outline, smooth, wall 1 - 2 flm thick. Ana morph unknown. The synonymy for this species, suggest ed by Viennot-Bourgin (1957), was supported aft er exa m inat ion of t he type collect ions by Vanl-y (1985) who provided a description of t he species and illust ra tion of th e ustilospores . The type of E . vero n icae was on Veronica pe regrina from No rth America bu t t he specie s is evi de ntly fr equ en t , at le a st in part s of Europ e , on V serpyllifolia. It also occurs in Europe (Vanky, 1994) on V acinifolia, V anagallis -aquatica and V p eregrina. It is widely distributed, occurring throughout Europe and known also from part s of North and Sout h America. Specim en ex a m in ed : England , S urrey, ne ar E sher, Fa irmil e Co m mo n , on Vero nica se rpy llifo lia lea ve s , 16 July 199 7, S poo ner, K(M)5286 8. DEUTEROMYCOTA (Hyphomycetes)
161. Ramularia bryoniae Fautr. & Roum . in Rev. Mycol. 43: 81 (1891).
Leaf spots elliptic or irreg ular, ca 1 em across, pa le browni sh or grey -gree n, co n id iop ho re s developed on both leaf surface s. Conidioph ore s hyaline, 8 - 25 x 4 - 5 flm. Conidia 14 - 25 (-29) x 4 - 5 [lm, hyaline, cylindric-fusoid, sometimes with a slight median constriction, septa not seen . The species was described from France, and is kn own al s o fr om Ital y. In t his collection t he conid ia ar e somew hat longer than given in the ty pe description (Roumegue re, 1891), but t hey fa ll largely wit hi n th e gre a t e r s ize ran ge (8 - 25 .5 x 3 - 6 urn) cited by Brandenberger (1985). A ste r ile , unidentified demati aceou s hyphomycete is also present on the leaf spots. Specimen exami ned: England, Surrey, Esher,
West End Com mo n , on Bryonia dioica leaf, 5 Oct. 1997, Sp ooner, K(M)54665. References Br a n d e n b e r ge r , W . (19 85 ). Paras i i is ch e Pil z e a n GefafJp flanzen in Eu rop a. Gustav Fischer: Stuttgart & New York. Courtecuisse, R & D uh ern, B. (1995). Collins Field Guide. Mushroo ms & T oadst ools of Britain & Europe. Pp 480. London : Harp er Collins . E riksso n, J . & Ryvarden , L. (1975). The Corticiaceae of North Europe 3: 288 - 548. Oslo: Fungiflora. Eriksson, J. & R yvarden, L. (1976). The Cort iciaceae of North Europe 4: 549 - 886. Oslo: Fungiflora. Eriksson, J., Hjortstam, K. & Ryvarden, L. (1979). Th e Corticiacea e of N or th Europe 5: 887-1047. Osl o : Fungiflora. Hjort stam, K. & Gr osse -Brauckm ann , H . (1993) . Two n ew s pec ies of Cr istinia (Bas i d iomy cotina , Ap hyllo p ho ra les) a n d a s u rve y of the ge nus . Mycotaxon 47: 405 - 4 10. Hjort st am, K., Larsson , K.-H . & Ryvard en , L. (1988). The Corticiac eae of N orth Eu rop e 8: 1450 - 163 1. Os lo : Fungiflora. L an ger , G . (1994) . D ie Gatt ung Botry oba s id iu m. Biblioth eca Mycologica 158 : 1 - 459. Lundquis t , N . (1 972). No rd ic So r d a riaceae s. la t . Symbol>eBotan ica Ups alienses 20 (1): 1 - 374. Ma rcha nd, A. (1986). Champignons du Nord et du Midi. 9: 273 pp, p I. 801 - 900. Math eis, W. (1977). Uber einige Dasy scyphus-Art en auf Blatt er n von Vaccinium. Sydouna 29: 237 - 244. Nog rasek, A. & Matzer, M . (199 1). Nic ht-pyreno ka rpe As co myceten a uf Gefii13p fla nzen d er Pol sterseg ge nra sen 1. Ar ten auf Dryas octop etala. Nova Hedwigia 53: 445 - 475. Noordeloos, M . E. (1988). Entolomataceae Kotl. & P. Flora Agaricina Neerlandica 1: 77 - 182, figs. 37 - 20 1. Romagnesi, H . (1967 ). L es R ussul es d'Europe et d 'Afri que du Nord. Pp 998. Bord as. R oumeguer e, C. (1891). F ungi exsiccat i pr ecipu e Ga llici. Revue Mycologique 13 : 73 - 83. R yvard en , L. & Gi lbertson, R. L. ( 1993). E uropea n polypores. Part 1. Pp 387. Oslo: Fun giflora. Spooner, B. M. (1981). N ew records and spe cies of Brit ish microfun gi. Transactions of the British My cologi cal Society 76: 265 - 301. Vanky, K. (1985). Carpathian Ustilag ina les . Symbolae Botanica Upsa liens es 24 (2) : 1 - 309. Vanky , K. (1994). Eu rop ean Smut Fungi. Gustav Fisch er: Stuttgart, J en a & New York. Viennot- Bourgin, G. (1957). Un Entyloma des Veroniques . Bullet in Trim es triel de La Societe Mycologique de Fran ce 73: 245 - 250.
D. N. Pegler, P. J . Roberts & B. M. Sp ooner The Herbarium, Royal Botanic Garden s, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AE.
NEW BRITISH RECORDS ASCOMYCOTA (Ascomycetes) Hyaloscyphaceae 146. Lach.nu m uirtembergenee (Matheis) Raitv. in Folia Crypt. Eston. 17: 4 (1985). The apothecia are minute, ca 0.3 mm diam. or less , and s e a t ed on the smaller veins of skeletonized leaves in litter. They are white externally, wit h the disc pale lemon to cream and surrounded by long white hairs. Microscopically the species is quite distinct, being characterised by thick-walled, hyaline hairs, up to ca 220 [J.m long in the British material, which bear crystal masses at the apex. The hairs are cylindrical, sometimes slightly wider at the tip , and finely granulate throughout. Asci are 8-spored, 46 - 58 (- 63) x 6 - 7 um, with pore deep blue in Melzer 's reagent, and the spores are fusoid , sometimes becoming I-septate, measuring in the British collection 11.5 - 16 (- 17) x 2 - 2.5 (- 3) [J.m. Paraphyses are filiform , pointed at the apex, 1-1.5 [J.m diam., and longer than the asci by 8 - 10 [J.m. The species, described from Germany where it is known also on de caying leaves of Vaccinium uliginosum, is discussed and fully illustrated by Matheis (1977, as Das y scyphus ). As noted by Matheis, it seems closely related to 1. patulum (Pers.) Rehm, on Quercus leaves, which differs particularly in its smaller spores. Specimen examined: Scotland , Perthshire, Abernethy Forest, Compo 34, on skeletonized leaf of Vaccinium myrtillus in litter, 8 S ept. 1997, A. Leonard, K(M)54683 . Leotiaceae 147. Grahamiella variabile (Nograsek & Matzer) Spooner, comb. nov. Basionym : Crocicreas oariab il e Nograsek & Matzer in Nova Hedw. 53: 453 (1991). Graham iella Spooner (Spooner, 1981) was established for G. dryadis (Nannf. ex Holm) Spooner, a speci es with tiny, olive-brown apothecia on leaf hairs of fallen leaves of Dryas. It is characterized by the structure of the outer excipulum, which comprises a textura oblita with brown , granular encrusting pigment, a marginal fringe of thick-walled hairs, and habitat; it seems closely related to Allophylaria (P. Karst.) P. Karst. and Cyathicula de Not. The present species has the same habit as the type, on leaf
hairs of fallen leaves of Dryas, and a similar structure but is distinguished most notably by its slightly larger apothecia (up to 300 urn diam.), larger spores which are consistently 3-septate at maturity, larger asci and indistinct marginal fringe. In the present collection spores measure 16 - 23 x 3 - 4 [J.m and asci are 55 - 65 x 10 - 11 [J.m. The species is fully de scribed and illustrated by Nograsek & Matzer (1991), and is otherwise known from Sweden and Austria. Specimen examin ed: Ireland , Co. Clare, Burren, roadside S. of Bell Harbour, on dead leaves of Dryas octopetala in litter, 26 May 1986, Spooner, K(M) 56068. Lasiosphaeriaceae 148. Cercophora septentrionalis N. Lundq. in Symb . Bot. Ups. 20 (1): 100 (1972). Perithecia are gregarious, mostly superficial on the substrate or sometimes basally immersed, conical, ostiolate, and measure ca 500 flm diam . The p eridium has a vi olaceous t inge and is densely covered with long, brown hyphae. Asci are narrowly clavate, 140 - 170 x 14 - 16 flm , with thickened apical ring, but lacking a subapical globulus , and 8-spored. Spores lie in 2 - 3 series within t h e ascus and are at first h yalin e , guttulate and vermiform, becoming I-septate within the ascus; apical cell soon becoming brown, with slightly excentric apical germ pore, and m easuring 14 - 16 x 8 - 9 [J.m ; lower cell remaining hyaline, or occasionally with pale brown pigment, cylindric, obtuse, curved toward s the tip, 27 - 33 x 4 - 5 [J.m; tapered gelatinous appendages are present at each end of the spore, but difficult to observe. Peridial hyphae brown , flexuous, septate, 2.5 - 3.5 [J.m diam., with slightly thickened walls. The species is distinguished by the violaceous tinge to the peridium, most readily observed in fresh material, th e dens e covering of brown hyphae, ascus and spore characters, and occurrence on horse dung. It was described from horse dung in Sweden, and is known from various parts of Europe and also from Canada and U.S .A. The specie s is fully described and illustrated by Lundquist (1972). Specimen examined : England, Middlesex, Perivale Wood, on old horse dung and rotting grass, 30 July 1996, Henrici, K(M)39299.
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Volume 13, Part 1, February 1999 BASIDIOMYCOTA (Basidiomycetes)
Steccherinaceae 149. Steccherinum separabilimum (Pouzar) Vesterh. in Nordic J.Bot. 16: 216 (1996). This resupinate, poroid species is close to the common Steccherinum nitidum (Pers.: Fr.) Vesterh, but distinguished by its larger pores and wider basidiospores. It has been recorded throughout continental Europe, but not previously in the British Isles. As a poroid species, S. separabilimum was previously referred to the genus Junghuhnia Corda, but microscopically the two genera are much the same. The species is described and illustrated (as Junghuhnia separabilima (Pouzar) Ryvarden) in Ryvarden & Gilbertson (1993). Specimen examined: England, Suffolk, Mildenhall Woods, on sandy soil, edge of plantation (Pinus, Betula), 19 Oct. 1996, Legon, K(M)42818. Chaetoporellaceae 150. Odonticium romellii (S. Lundell) Parmasto, Cansp. Syst. Cort.: 126 (1968). This is a resupinate, whitish, toothed fungus with thick-walled clampless hyphae and suballantoid basidiospores. Fully described and illustrated in Eriksson .et al (1979), Odonticium ramellii is said to be a high northern, continental species, restricted to conifers and part of the taiga element of European fungi. As such, its discovery in Scotland is rather surprising. Specimen examined: Scotland, Aberdeenshire, Inverey, Mar Lodge Estate, on Pinus sylvestris log in conifer plantation, 4 Sept. 1997, Henrici, K(M)54636. Atheliaceae 151. Merulicium fusisporum (Romell) J. Erikss. & Ryvarden, Cart. North. Eur. 4: 861 (1976). Merulicium fusisporum is a white, somewhat plicate, corticioid fungus immediately distinguishable microscopically by its dextrinoid skeletal hyphae and fusiform basidiospores. On the continent the species is associated with Picea brash and as such is unexpected in Britain, where spruce is not native. Once established over here, it may well spread into other mature spruce plantations. It is described and illustrated in Eriksson & Ryvarden (1976).
Specimen examined: England, Hampshire, New Forest, Little Holmhill Inclosure, on rotten Picea wood, 8 Dec. 1996, Legon, K(M)44245. Sistotremataceae 152. Brevicellicium exile (H. S. Jacks.) K. H. Larss. & Hjortstam in Mycotaxon 7: 118 (1978). Originally described from North America and considered rare in Europe, Brevicellicium exile is an inconspicuous corticioid fungus, similar to the much commoner B. alivascens but with ellipsoid basidiospores. It is fully described and well illustrated in Hjortstam et al (1988). Specimen examined: England, Devon, Torquay, Lincombe Slopes, on living trunk of Acer pseudoplatanus, 25 Dec. 1995, Roberts, K(M)33126.
153. Coronicium gemmiferum (Bourdot & Galzin) J. Erikss. & Ryvarden, Cort. North. Eur. 3: 297 (1975). Coronicium gemmiferum is an inconspicuous, corticioid species growing on fallen wood and litter, distinguished by its dense hymenium, fusiform cystidia which are often capped with a brownish exudate, and amygdaliform basidiospores. It was originally described from France and has rarely been found since. The species is described and illustrated in Eriksson & Ryvarden (1975). Specimen examined: England, Hertfordshire, Benington, Combs Wood, on fallen Fraxinus bark, 14 Jan. 1998, Robinson, K(M)55906. Botryobasidiaceae 154. Botryobasidium intertextum (Schwein.) Julich & Stalpers in Verh. kon. Ned. Akad. Wetensch., Md. Natuurk 2,74: 56 (1980). B. angustisporum (Boidin), P.H.B. Talbot in Persoonia 3: 395 (1965). Botryobasidium intertextum is a thin, corticioid fungus distinguished from commoner Botryobasidium species by its partly clamped hyphae and long, narrow basidiospores. The species has been reported throughout Europe, but not previously in the British Isles. It is well described and illustrated in Langer (1994). Specimen examined: Scotland, Perthshire, Black Wood of Rannoch, on fallen branch of Pinus sylvestris, 1 Sept. 1997, Henrici, K(M)54640.
Volume 13, Part 1, February 1999 Lindtneriaceae 155. Cristinia rhenana Grosse-Brauckm. in Mycotaxon 47: 407 (1993). Cristinia Parmasto is a small genus of corticioid fungi forming rather loose, hypochnoid basidiomes with cyanophilous granulations in the basidia. Cristinia rhenana, recently described and illustrated from Germany (Hjortstam & Grosse-Brauckmann, 1993), is distinguished by having a smooth hymenophore, basal hyphae with scattered clamp-connexions, and comparatively large, subglobose basidiospores, 5 - 7 \-tm diam. A distinctive feature of this species is a transient violet reaction with KOH. The determination of the British record was kindly confirmed by K. Hjortstam. Specimen examined: England, Surrey, Richmond, Ham Lands, on rotting wood chips of Populus, 5 Nov. 1996, Legon, K(M)42495. Tricholomataceae 156. Armillaria ectypa (Fr.: Fr.) D. Lam. in C. R. hebd. Seanc. Acad. Sci., Paris 260: 4562 (1965). An evelate species of Armillaria (Fr.: Fr.) Staude, belonging to the section Desarmillaria Herink. It is rare throughout Europe, and differs from all other species of Armillaria in having basidiomata which are terrestrial, growing either solitary or in small clusters in marshland. The pileus is ochraceous brown becoming translucent towards the margin and only faintly squamulose at the disk; the lamellae are subdistant; and the stipe is cylindrical, not swollen at the base. A good, illustrated account may be found in Marchand (1986: pl. 814). Specimen examined: England, Westmorland, Sunbiggin Tarn, on damp mossy fen grassland, 3 Oct. 1995, Jefferies, K(M)36368.
Entolomataceae 157. Entoloma phaeocyathus Noordel. in Persoonia 12: 461 (1985). This omphalioid species is characterised by a small pileus, up to 1.8 em diam., which is dark sepia to reddish brown, striate when moist, drying paler; lamellae decurrent; stipe up to 2 em long; and isodiametric basidiospores, 8 - 10 x 7 9 um, with 5 - 6 facets in profile. Entoloma phaeocyathus belongs to the subgenus Claudopus (Gillet) NoordeI., and differs from E. rusticoides
(Gillet) Noordel. by the presence of broadly clavate cheilocystidia. A full description is found in Noordeloos (1988:174). Specimen examined: Wales, West Glamorgan, Crymlyn Burrows, in short turf on fixed dunes, 19 Sept. 1994, Collings, K(M)30603. Russulaceae 158. Russula postiana Romell in Ofv. Kongl. Ventensk-Akad. Forh., Stockholm 1891, no.3: 183 (1891). R. olivascens Pers. sensu Bres., Icon. Mycol. 10: p1.464 (1929), non R. olivascens Fr., Monogr. Hymen. Suec. 2: 187 (1861). R. multicolor Blum in Bull. Soc. Mycol. Fr. 76: 266 (1960). Pileus 3 - 7 em diam., olivaceous brown to bronze with indefinite violaceous zones; lamellae cream with an orange tint; stipe white; context mild, inodorous; spore deposit yellow; basidiospores spinose; associated with conifers. Russula postiana is allied to R. lutea (Huds.: Fr.) Gray, which has a shiny, egg-yellow to lemonyellow pileus and grows with deciduous trees. It belongs to Section Russula subsect Chamaeleontinae Sing., whilst R. olivascens Fr. is allied to R. xerampelina (Schaeff.) Fr. in the Section Viridantes Melzer & Zvara. For a detailed description, see Romagnesi (1967, as R. olivascens Pers.), and a coloured illustration was published by Courtecuisse & Duhem (1995: 394, fig. 1497). Specimen examined: Scotland, Perthshire, Black Wood of Rannoch, near Pinus sylvestris, 1 Sept. 1997, P. Leonard, K(M)54611. Tremellaceae 159. Tremella invasa (Hauerslev) Hauerslev in Nordic J.Bot. 16: 218 (1996). This cryptic Tremella Pers. species is only otherwise known from the Danish type collection, where it was also parasitizing a species of Trechispora P. Karst. It does not form visible basidiomes, but occurs in the hymenium of its corticioid host. The basidia are unusually small for Tremella, just 6 - 7 \-tm wide, with commensurately small, subglobose basidiospores, 3.5 - 4 x 2 - 3.5 um. Specimen examined: England, Surrey, Oxshott Heath, on Trechispora stellul.ata growing on Dryopteris, 4 Dec. 1994, Roberts 886, K(M)30540.
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Volume 13, Part 1, February 1999 BASIDIO MYCOTA (Usto mycetes)
Tilleti aceae 160. Entyloma ver on ica e (Halst.) Lagerh . in Bull . Soc. Mycol. Fr. 7: 170 (1891). E. vero nicicola Lin d r. in Acta So c. Faun a Fl. Fenn. 26: 13 (1904). Sori in leaves, causing spots. Leaf spots round, sligh tl y ra ised , brownish , 0.8 - 1.5 mm diam., m ostly solitary, occasionally tw o on each leaf. Ustilospores 11 - 17 flm diam ., slightly yellowish, subglobose or ang ular in outline, smooth, wall 1 - 2 flm thick. Ana morph unknown. The synonymy for this species, suggest ed by Viennot-Bourgin (1957), was supported aft er exa m inat ion of t he type collect ions by Vanl-y (1985) who provided a description of t he species and illust ra tion of th e ustilospores . The type of E . vero n icae was on Veronica pe regrina from No rth America bu t t he specie s is evi de ntly fr equ en t , at le a st in part s of Europ e , on V serpyllifolia. It also occurs in Europe (Vanky, 1994) on V acinifolia, V anagallis -aquatica and V p eregrina. It is widely distributed, occurring throughout Europe and known also from part s of North and Sout h America. Specim en ex a m in ed : England , S urrey, ne ar E sher, Fa irmil e Co m mo n , on Vero nica se rpy llifo lia lea ve s , 16 July 199 7, S poo ner, K(M)5286 8. DEUTEROMYCOTA (Hyphomycetes)
161. Ramularia bryoniae Fautr. & Roum . in Rev. Mycol. 43: 81 (1891).
Leaf spots elliptic or irreg ular, ca 1 em across, pa le browni sh or grey -gree n, co n id iop ho re s developed on both leaf surface s. Conidioph ore s hyaline, 8 - 25 x 4 - 5 flm. Conidia 14 - 25 (-29) x 4 - 5 [lm, hyaline, cylindric-fusoid, sometimes with a slight median constriction, septa not seen . The species was described from France, and is kn own al s o fr om Ital y. In t his collection t he conid ia ar e somew hat longer than given in the ty pe description (Roumegue re, 1891), but t hey fa ll largely wit hi n th e gre a t e r s ize ran ge (8 - 25 .5 x 3 - 6 urn) cited by Brandenberger (1985). A ste r ile , unidentified demati aceou s hyphomycete is also present on the leaf spots. Specimen exami ned: England, Surrey, Esher,
West End Com mo n , on Bryonia dioica leaf, 5 Oct. 1997, Sp ooner, K(M)54665. References Br a n d e n b e r ge r , W . (19 85 ). Paras i i is ch e Pil z e a n GefafJp flanzen in Eu rop a. Gustav Fischer: Stuttgart & New York. Courtecuisse, R & D uh ern, B. (1995). Collins Field Guide. Mushroo ms & T oadst ools of Britain & Europe. Pp 480. London : Harp er Collins . E riksso n, J . & Ryvarden , L. (1975). The Corticiaceae of North Europe 3: 288 - 548. Oslo: Fungiflora. Eriksson, J. & R yvarden, L. (1976). The Cort iciaceae of North Europe 4: 549 - 886. Oslo: Fungiflora. Eriksson, J., Hjortstam, K. & Ryvarden, L. (1979). Th e Corticiacea e of N or th Europe 5: 887-1047. Osl o : Fungiflora. Hjort stam, K. & Gr osse -Brauckm ann , H . (1993) . Two n ew s pec ies of Cr istinia (Bas i d iomy cotina , Ap hyllo p ho ra les) a n d a s u rve y of the ge nus . Mycotaxon 47: 405 - 4 10. Hjort st am, K., Larsson , K.-H . & Ryvard en , L. (1988). The Corticiac eae of N orth Eu rop e 8: 1450 - 163 1. Os lo : Fungiflora. L an ger , G . (1994) . D ie Gatt ung Botry oba s id iu m. Biblioth eca Mycologica 158 : 1 - 459. Lundquis t , N . (1 972). No rd ic So r d a riaceae s. la t . Symbol>eBotan ica Ups alienses 20 (1): 1 - 374. Ma rcha nd, A. (1986). Champignons du Nord et du Midi. 9: 273 pp, p I. 801 - 900. Math eis, W. (1977). Uber einige Dasy scyphus-Art en auf Blatt er n von Vaccinium. Sydouna 29: 237 - 244. Nog rasek, A. & Matzer, M . (199 1). Nic ht-pyreno ka rpe As co myceten a uf Gefii13p fla nzen d er Pol sterseg ge nra sen 1. Ar ten auf Dryas octop etala. Nova Hedwigia 53: 445 - 475. Noordeloos, M . E. (1988). Entolomataceae Kotl. & P. Flora Agaricina Neerlandica 1: 77 - 182, figs. 37 - 20 1. Romagnesi, H . (1967 ). L es R ussul es d'Europe et d 'Afri que du Nord. Pp 998. Bord as. R oumeguer e, C. (1891). F ungi exsiccat i pr ecipu e Ga llici. Revue Mycologique 13 : 73 - 83. R yvard en , L. & Gi lbertson, R. L. ( 1993). E uropea n polypores. Part 1. Pp 387. Oslo: Fun giflora. Spooner, B. M. (1981). N ew records and spe cies of Brit ish microfun gi. Transactions of the British My cologi cal Society 76: 265 - 301. Vanky, K. (1985). Carpathian Ustilag ina les . Symbolae Botanica Upsa liens es 24 (2) : 1 - 309. Vanky , K. (1994). Eu rop ean Smut Fungi. Gustav Fisch er: Stuttgart, J en a & New York. Viennot- Bourgin, G. (1957). Un Entyloma des Veroniques . Bullet in Trim es triel de La Societe Mycologique de Fran ce 73: 245 - 250.
D. N. Pegler, P. J . Roberts & B. M. Sp ooner The Herbarium, Royal Botanic Garden s, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AE.