- Email: [email protected]
New Curriculum Development in V4 Countries
ScienceDirect Transportation Research Procedia 00 (2019) 000–000 ScienceDirect Available online at www.sciencedirect.com
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com
www.elsevier.com/locate/procedia
ScienceDirect
www.elsevier.com/locate/procedia
Transportation Research Procedia 00 (2019) 000–000
Transportation Research Procedia 40 (2019) 1158–1161 www.elsevier.com/locate/procedia
13th International Scientific Conference on Sustainable, Modern and Safe Transport (TRANSCOM 2019), High Tatras, Novy Smokovec – Grand Hotel Bellevue, 13th International Scientific Conference Sustainable, Modern and Safe Transport Slovak Republic,on May 29-31, 2019 (TRANSCOM 2019), High Tatras, Novy Smokovec – Grand Hotel Bellevue, Slovak Republic, May 29-31,in2019 New Curriculum Development V4 Countries
New Curriculum Marcin Development Paweska* in V4 Countries Marcin Paweska*
International University of Logistics and Transport, Sołtysowicka 19b, 51-168, Wrocław, Poland
Abstract
International University of Logistics and Transport, Sołtysowicka 19b, 51-168, Wrocław, Poland
The Article explores the possible curriculum development for master studies in the field of Humanitarian Logistics to benefit the Abstract V4 countries. The article looks at rationale of developing such curriculum and how it should be different to standard curriculum in The ArticleNext explores the possible development studies in the field of Humanitarian Logistics to benefit the Logistics. the paper proposescurriculum the example framework for for master such curriculum. V4 countries. The article looks at rationale of developing such curriculum and how it should be different to standard curriculum in Logistics. Next the paper proposes the example framework for such curriculum. © 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. © 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the 13th International Scientific Conference on Sustainable, Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the 13th International Scientific Conference on Sustainable, Modern and Safe (TRANSCOM 2019). © 2019 The Published by Elsevier B.V. Modern andAuthors. Safe Transport Transport (TRANSCOM 2019). Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the 13th International Scientific Conference on Sustainable, Keywords: Curriculum development, humanitarian2019). logistics, visegrad countries Modern and Safe Transport (TRANSCOM Keywords: Curriculum development, humanitarian logistics, visegrad countries
1. Introduction
1. Introduction There is an abundance of crisis situations in the world we live in nowadays. One of the characteristics of the said situations lies in the fact that despite undertaking diversified preventive actions to ensure security, in reality there is an abundance crisis situations in the world we of live in nowadays. One of of nature the characteristics the said no There way toiseliminate them of completely. The existing sources threats – i.e. forces (water, fire,ofearth, air, situations in theworld), fact that diversified actions to or ensure security, in reality– there is space, the lies organic as despite well as undertaking human activities (againstpreventive the laws of nature, against the mankind) are not no waypredictable. to eliminate them completely. The existing sources of threats – i.e. forces of nature (water, fire, earth, air, easily space, the organiccrises world), as well as human activities laws ofconsequences nature, or against – are and not Humanitarian happen more and more often, (against and theirthe negative have the evermankind) bigger range easily predictable. resonance – wars, national unrests and religious conflicts have to be especially mentioned here, as well as ecological Humanitarian crises happennatural more forces and more often, and theirpower. negative consequences ever bigger range and calamities, industrial failures, of great damaging There is no way tohave avoid crisis situations, and resonance – wars, national unrests and religious conflicts have to be especially here, as well as ecological they negatively affect human existence and development. Moreover, bearing mentioned in mind that humanitarian aid in the calamities, industrial failures, natural forces of great damaging power. There is no way to avoid crisis situations, and they negatively affect human existence and development. Moreover, bearing in mind that humanitarian aid in the Corresponding author. E-mail address: [email protected] * Corresponding author. 2352-1465 © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. E-mail address: [email protected] Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the 13th International Scientific Conference on Sustainable, Modern and Safe Transport (TRANSCOM 2352-1465 © 2018 The Authors.2019). Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the 13th International Scientific Conference on Sustainable, Modern and Safe Transport (TRANSCOM 2019). *
2352-1465 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the 13th International Scientific Conference on Sustainable, Modern and Safe Transport (TRANSCOM 2019). 10.1016/j.trpro.2019.07.161
2
Marcin Paweska / Transportation Research Procedia 40 (2019) 1158–1161 Paweska / Transportation Research Procedia 00 (2019) 000–000
1159
modern world seems to be a moral obligation, saving life and providing immediate support to those who suffer because of a crisis situation seems necessary. Hence, providing help in such cases requires creating a specialised structure which will allow to plan and perform operations, and also to organize all the indispensable resources. Emergency management is a complex, dynamic process, and therefore, replacing human decision making by any form of automated process is far beyond the reach of current technology.† Therefore there is a need for multi-functional, multicultural specialists in Humanitarian Logistics. Given cultural and geographical proximity Humanitarian Logistics curriculum development should become of utmost importance in considerations referring to the modern attitude towards the cooperation in the V4 countries, including the development of the personnel potential in that area, by means of elaborating joint university courses. For more details, references and further discussion see also (Lovecek, T. et al., 2016), (Zagorecki et al., 2012), (Ristvej, J. et al., 2017), etc. It should be noted that: • Humanitarian Logistics is becoming more important nowadays when political and social situation becomes less stable, • Humanitarian logistics is different to conventional logistics thus requires different skill set, • A multinational curriculum should be developed to cover the specificity of a given region, for instance V4. 2. Humanitarian Logistics specificity A. Szymonik proposes the following definition of logistics in crisis situations: "... Logistics in crisis situations is a scientific discipline that creates overall system solutions necessary to fully and rationally satisfy the needs of executive and safety management authorities, taking into account the economic capabilities of the state, the scope necessary to train, achieve and maintain combat capability and readiness at the level required to ensure the desired security for a particular entity ... "‡ K. Ficoń, distinguishing the four "faces" of logistics (market logistics, crisis logistics, humanitarian logistics, military logistics - Fig.1), proposed the following definition of crisis logistics: "... Crisis logistics is the management of the entire supply chain of assortments and services that meet the elementary needs in the field of protection of life and health, and the existence of the injured ... ", further saying that it is" ... fulfilling the life needs of all those affected with a minimum level of benefits ... "§
Fig. 1. Different faces of modern logistics
Zagorecki, A., Ristvej, J., Comfort, L.K., Lovecek, T. (2012) : Executive Dashboard Systems for Emergency Management, In: Komunikácie – Communications – Scientific Letters of the University of Žilina, Vol. 14, Iss. 2, 2012, p. 82-89, ISSN: 1335-4205. ‡ A. Szymonik, Logistyka w bezpieczeństwie, Difin S.A., Warszawa 2010 § K. Ficoń, Logistyka kryzysowa. Procedury, potrzeby, potencjał, BEL Studio Sp. z o. o., Warszawa 2011 †
1160
Marcin Paweska / Transportation Research Procedia 40 (2019) 1158–1161 Paweska/ Transportation Research Procedia 00 (2019) 000–000
3
Logistic security of extraordinary events (crisis situations) is implemented on similar terms to military logistics, as it differs significantly from logistics in stable, normal and predictable conditions. As theoreticians and practitioners of logistics prove, these differences result from the potential causes of threats and their consequences, and they concern**:: • service entity (e.g.: aggrieved population, property, environment), • operating environment (areas of crisis response and carrying out rescue operations), • functioning goals (ensuring survival conditions for all victims and conditions of operation of emergency services). It is important to point out that a humanitarian logistician works in a very different environment than a logistician in any ordinary situation, thus different curriculum must be created. Some of these differences include: • Demand characteristics - depending on the type of supply chain, the demand patterns can be predicted more or less effectively in an ordinary supply chain; even JIT assures some sort of predictability; while in case of humanitarian logistics the demand is often known AFTER the event happens, so prevention rather than prediction is the key to success. Therefore it is critical to monitor the indicators of extraordinary events††. This key difference of course has the effect on inventory management practices. While inventory levels in ordinary supply chain are more or less known and are the result of lead times of and between members of supply chain, in humanitarian logistics the inventory levels are often unknown and must be evaluated and managed in real time, regardless of cost • Information flow- in an ordinary supply chain, the standard operating procedures govern the flow of information where sources of information are well defined while the flow of information is mapped and predictable. Humanitarian logistics requires immediate information flow in conditions where sources of information are scarce while information flow is scattered and decentralized • Focus of a supply chain - in traditional supply chains focus is on cost minimization or profit maximization. In humanitarian logistics focus is in meeting the immediate and diverse goals (stopping the spread of disaster, helping as many victims as possible, speeding up a rescue operation once the crisis situation happened) 3. Humanitarian Logistics curriculum Poland, the Czech Republic, the Slovak Republic and Hungary, as the member states of the Visegrad Group, due to their history, specificity, geographical location, as well as economic interdependencies, should support the idea of creating common humanitarian logistics. Providing infrastructural, financial and legal resources, along with organizing the whole process seem to be of key importance for the effective reaction to crisis situations in V4 countries. Another issue that needs to be taken into account is the fact that humanitarian logistics is a relatively new concept, and crisis situations oftentimes go beyond borders and affect neighbouring countries. Therefore, not only coordination related to crisis management, institutions and systems must be provided, but multidisciplinary staff as well, able to manage logistics in the times of crisis. On that ground, there exists a need to open up studies which main objective would be to provide graduates with the knowledge on planning, implementation and also on controlling the effectiveness of the flow of goods, materials and information on the areas affected by natural disasters, armed conflicts or other calamities. There should be also technology element in the curriculum as “the management of crisis situations is undergoing rapid changes due to
** ††
Por.: E .Nowak, Logistyka w sytuacjach kryzysowych. AON, Warszawa 2009 M. Seidl, L. Šimák, Z. Zamiar, Aktualne zagadnienia zarządzania kryzysowego, CL Oficyna Wydawnicza NDiO, Wrocław 2009
4
Marcin Paweska / Transportation Research Procedia 40 (2019) 1158–1161 Paweska / Transportation Research Procedia 00 (2019) 000–000
1161
advances of Information Technology” ‡‡. Graduates of such a specialty should possess practical knowledge necessary to: • Prepare, plan, gain and deliver material goods needed for the society in extraordinary situations (water, food, medicines) • Plan and organize transport in regions threatened with military conflicts, and affected by extraordinary phenomena • Create and manage warehouses indispensable for securing food and medicines in regions affected by extraordinary phenomena • Manage transport fleet and its maintenance in regions affected by natural disasters and military conflicts Moreover, graduates of the above mentioned studies should possess the knowledge in the area of elaborating logistics scenarios on creating crisis plans and plans for rescue operations. 4. Conclusions Visegrad countries share common policies in many areas, since geo-political, social, cultural and economic situation of these countries is often similar, while proximity fosters cooperation. Crisis situations, while in most cases limited by geographic area (excluding possible global crises) might not be limited by country borders. Thus there is a need for multi-country coordination of crisis situations, which in turn requires educated personnel to manage cross border crises in Visegrad countries. Such personnel should complement rather than substitute standard military personnel involved in managing crises. The complexity of managing crises also requires the curriculum for teaching future personnel in crisis situations to be at Masters level. The article aims at presenting key knowledge areas that should be developed in such curriculum to provide coherent knowledge that prepares future managers of crisis situations for their roles. The focus of curriculum should be on gaining practical knowledge on planning, implementation and controlling of the effectiveness of the flow of goods, materials and information on the areas affected by crisis situation. References Ficoń, K., 2011, Logistyka kryzysowa. Procedury, potrzeby, potencjał, BEL Studio Sp. z o. o., Warszawa Lovecek, T. et al. (2016): Currently Required Competencies of Crisis and Security Managers and New Tool for their Acquirement – The eSEC portal, In: 13th IEEE International Conference on Emerging eLearning Technologies and Applications (ICETA 2015), (2016), Article Number: 7558492 Nowak E., 2009, Logistyka w sytuacjach kryzysowych. AON, Warszawa Ristvej, J. et al. (2017): Experiences with Implementation of Information Systems within Preparation to Deal with Crisis Situations in Terms of Crisis Management and Building Resilience in the Slovak Republic, In: Proceedings - International Carnahan Conference on Security Technology; ICCST 2017, (2017). ISBN: 978-153861585-0. DOI: 10.1109/CCST.2017.8167821 Ristvej, J. – Zagorecki, A. 2011, Information Systems for Crisis Management - Current applications and future directions, In: Komunikácie Communications – Scientific Letters of the University of Žilina, Vol. 13, Iss. 2, 2011, p. 59-63, ISSN: 1335-4205. Seidl, M. Šimák, L. Zamiar Z., 2009, Aktualne zagadnienia zarządzania kryzysowego, CL Oficyna Wydawnicza NDiO, Wrocław Szymonik A., 2010 Logistyka w bezpieczeństwie, Difin S.A., Warszawa Zagorecki, A., Ristvej, J., Comfort, L.K., Lovecek, T. 2012 : Executive Dashboard Systems for Emergency Management, In: Komunikácie – Communications – Scientific Letters of the University of Žilina, Vol. 14, Iss. 2, 2012, p. 82-89, ISSN: 1335-4205
‡‡ Ristvej, J. – Zagorecki, A. (2011) : Information Systems for Crisis Management - Current applications and future directions, In: Komunikácie – Communications – Scientific Letters of the University of Žilina, Vol. 13, Iss. 2, 2011, p. 59-63, ISSN: 1335-4205.
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com
www.elsevier.com/locate/procedia
ScienceDirect
www.elsevier.com/locate/procedia
Transportation Research Procedia 00 (2019) 000–000
Transportation Research Procedia 40 (2019) 1158–1161 www.elsevier.com/locate/procedia
13th International Scientific Conference on Sustainable, Modern and Safe Transport (TRANSCOM 2019), High Tatras, Novy Smokovec – Grand Hotel Bellevue, 13th International Scientific Conference Sustainable, Modern and Safe Transport Slovak Republic,on May 29-31, 2019 (TRANSCOM 2019), High Tatras, Novy Smokovec – Grand Hotel Bellevue, Slovak Republic, May 29-31,in2019 New Curriculum Development V4 Countries
New Curriculum Marcin Development Paweska* in V4 Countries Marcin Paweska*
International University of Logistics and Transport, Sołtysowicka 19b, 51-168, Wrocław, Poland
Abstract
International University of Logistics and Transport, Sołtysowicka 19b, 51-168, Wrocław, Poland
The Article explores the possible curriculum development for master studies in the field of Humanitarian Logistics to benefit the Abstract V4 countries. The article looks at rationale of developing such curriculum and how it should be different to standard curriculum in The ArticleNext explores the possible development studies in the field of Humanitarian Logistics to benefit the Logistics. the paper proposescurriculum the example framework for for master such curriculum. V4 countries. The article looks at rationale of developing such curriculum and how it should be different to standard curriculum in Logistics. Next the paper proposes the example framework for such curriculum. © 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. © 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the 13th International Scientific Conference on Sustainable, Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the 13th International Scientific Conference on Sustainable, Modern and Safe (TRANSCOM 2019). © 2019 The Published by Elsevier B.V. Modern andAuthors. Safe Transport Transport (TRANSCOM 2019). Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the 13th International Scientific Conference on Sustainable, Keywords: Curriculum development, humanitarian2019). logistics, visegrad countries Modern and Safe Transport (TRANSCOM Keywords: Curriculum development, humanitarian logistics, visegrad countries
1. Introduction
1. Introduction There is an abundance of crisis situations in the world we live in nowadays. One of the characteristics of the said situations lies in the fact that despite undertaking diversified preventive actions to ensure security, in reality there is an abundance crisis situations in the world we of live in nowadays. One of of nature the characteristics the said no There way toiseliminate them of completely. The existing sources threats – i.e. forces (water, fire,ofearth, air, situations in theworld), fact that diversified actions to or ensure security, in reality– there is space, the lies organic as despite well as undertaking human activities (againstpreventive the laws of nature, against the mankind) are not no waypredictable. to eliminate them completely. The existing sources of threats – i.e. forces of nature (water, fire, earth, air, easily space, the organiccrises world), as well as human activities laws ofconsequences nature, or against – are and not Humanitarian happen more and more often, (against and theirthe negative have the evermankind) bigger range easily predictable. resonance – wars, national unrests and religious conflicts have to be especially mentioned here, as well as ecological Humanitarian crises happennatural more forces and more often, and theirpower. negative consequences ever bigger range and calamities, industrial failures, of great damaging There is no way tohave avoid crisis situations, and resonance – wars, national unrests and religious conflicts have to be especially here, as well as ecological they negatively affect human existence and development. Moreover, bearing mentioned in mind that humanitarian aid in the calamities, industrial failures, natural forces of great damaging power. There is no way to avoid crisis situations, and they negatively affect human existence and development. Moreover, bearing in mind that humanitarian aid in the Corresponding author. E-mail address: [email protected] * Corresponding author. 2352-1465 © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. E-mail address: [email protected] Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the 13th International Scientific Conference on Sustainable, Modern and Safe Transport (TRANSCOM 2352-1465 © 2018 The Authors.2019). Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the 13th International Scientific Conference on Sustainable, Modern and Safe Transport (TRANSCOM 2019). *
2352-1465 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the 13th International Scientific Conference on Sustainable, Modern and Safe Transport (TRANSCOM 2019). 10.1016/j.trpro.2019.07.161
2
Marcin Paweska / Transportation Research Procedia 40 (2019) 1158–1161 Paweska / Transportation Research Procedia 00 (2019) 000–000
1159
modern world seems to be a moral obligation, saving life and providing immediate support to those who suffer because of a crisis situation seems necessary. Hence, providing help in such cases requires creating a specialised structure which will allow to plan and perform operations, and also to organize all the indispensable resources. Emergency management is a complex, dynamic process, and therefore, replacing human decision making by any form of automated process is far beyond the reach of current technology.† Therefore there is a need for multi-functional, multicultural specialists in Humanitarian Logistics. Given cultural and geographical proximity Humanitarian Logistics curriculum development should become of utmost importance in considerations referring to the modern attitude towards the cooperation in the V4 countries, including the development of the personnel potential in that area, by means of elaborating joint university courses. For more details, references and further discussion see also (Lovecek, T. et al., 2016), (Zagorecki et al., 2012), (Ristvej, J. et al., 2017), etc. It should be noted that: • Humanitarian Logistics is becoming more important nowadays when political and social situation becomes less stable, • Humanitarian logistics is different to conventional logistics thus requires different skill set, • A multinational curriculum should be developed to cover the specificity of a given region, for instance V4. 2. Humanitarian Logistics specificity A. Szymonik proposes the following definition of logistics in crisis situations: "... Logistics in crisis situations is a scientific discipline that creates overall system solutions necessary to fully and rationally satisfy the needs of executive and safety management authorities, taking into account the economic capabilities of the state, the scope necessary to train, achieve and maintain combat capability and readiness at the level required to ensure the desired security for a particular entity ... "‡ K. Ficoń, distinguishing the four "faces" of logistics (market logistics, crisis logistics, humanitarian logistics, military logistics - Fig.1), proposed the following definition of crisis logistics: "... Crisis logistics is the management of the entire supply chain of assortments and services that meet the elementary needs in the field of protection of life and health, and the existence of the injured ... ", further saying that it is" ... fulfilling the life needs of all those affected with a minimum level of benefits ... "§
Fig. 1. Different faces of modern logistics
Zagorecki, A., Ristvej, J., Comfort, L.K., Lovecek, T. (2012) : Executive Dashboard Systems for Emergency Management, In: Komunikácie – Communications – Scientific Letters of the University of Žilina, Vol. 14, Iss. 2, 2012, p. 82-89, ISSN: 1335-4205. ‡ A. Szymonik, Logistyka w bezpieczeństwie, Difin S.A., Warszawa 2010 § K. Ficoń, Logistyka kryzysowa. Procedury, potrzeby, potencjał, BEL Studio Sp. z o. o., Warszawa 2011 †
1160
Marcin Paweska / Transportation Research Procedia 40 (2019) 1158–1161 Paweska/ Transportation Research Procedia 00 (2019) 000–000
3
Logistic security of extraordinary events (crisis situations) is implemented on similar terms to military logistics, as it differs significantly from logistics in stable, normal and predictable conditions. As theoreticians and practitioners of logistics prove, these differences result from the potential causes of threats and their consequences, and they concern**:: • service entity (e.g.: aggrieved population, property, environment), • operating environment (areas of crisis response and carrying out rescue operations), • functioning goals (ensuring survival conditions for all victims and conditions of operation of emergency services). It is important to point out that a humanitarian logistician works in a very different environment than a logistician in any ordinary situation, thus different curriculum must be created. Some of these differences include: • Demand characteristics - depending on the type of supply chain, the demand patterns can be predicted more or less effectively in an ordinary supply chain; even JIT assures some sort of predictability; while in case of humanitarian logistics the demand is often known AFTER the event happens, so prevention rather than prediction is the key to success. Therefore it is critical to monitor the indicators of extraordinary events††. This key difference of course has the effect on inventory management practices. While inventory levels in ordinary supply chain are more or less known and are the result of lead times of and between members of supply chain, in humanitarian logistics the inventory levels are often unknown and must be evaluated and managed in real time, regardless of cost • Information flow- in an ordinary supply chain, the standard operating procedures govern the flow of information where sources of information are well defined while the flow of information is mapped and predictable. Humanitarian logistics requires immediate information flow in conditions where sources of information are scarce while information flow is scattered and decentralized • Focus of a supply chain - in traditional supply chains focus is on cost minimization or profit maximization. In humanitarian logistics focus is in meeting the immediate and diverse goals (stopping the spread of disaster, helping as many victims as possible, speeding up a rescue operation once the crisis situation happened) 3. Humanitarian Logistics curriculum Poland, the Czech Republic, the Slovak Republic and Hungary, as the member states of the Visegrad Group, due to their history, specificity, geographical location, as well as economic interdependencies, should support the idea of creating common humanitarian logistics. Providing infrastructural, financial and legal resources, along with organizing the whole process seem to be of key importance for the effective reaction to crisis situations in V4 countries. Another issue that needs to be taken into account is the fact that humanitarian logistics is a relatively new concept, and crisis situations oftentimes go beyond borders and affect neighbouring countries. Therefore, not only coordination related to crisis management, institutions and systems must be provided, but multidisciplinary staff as well, able to manage logistics in the times of crisis. On that ground, there exists a need to open up studies which main objective would be to provide graduates with the knowledge on planning, implementation and also on controlling the effectiveness of the flow of goods, materials and information on the areas affected by natural disasters, armed conflicts or other calamities. There should be also technology element in the curriculum as “the management of crisis situations is undergoing rapid changes due to
** ††
Por.: E .Nowak, Logistyka w sytuacjach kryzysowych. AON, Warszawa 2009 M. Seidl, L. Šimák, Z. Zamiar, Aktualne zagadnienia zarządzania kryzysowego, CL Oficyna Wydawnicza NDiO, Wrocław 2009
4
Marcin Paweska / Transportation Research Procedia 40 (2019) 1158–1161 Paweska / Transportation Research Procedia 00 (2019) 000–000
1161
advances of Information Technology” ‡‡. Graduates of such a specialty should possess practical knowledge necessary to: • Prepare, plan, gain and deliver material goods needed for the society in extraordinary situations (water, food, medicines) • Plan and organize transport in regions threatened with military conflicts, and affected by extraordinary phenomena • Create and manage warehouses indispensable for securing food and medicines in regions affected by extraordinary phenomena • Manage transport fleet and its maintenance in regions affected by natural disasters and military conflicts Moreover, graduates of the above mentioned studies should possess the knowledge in the area of elaborating logistics scenarios on creating crisis plans and plans for rescue operations. 4. Conclusions Visegrad countries share common policies in many areas, since geo-political, social, cultural and economic situation of these countries is often similar, while proximity fosters cooperation. Crisis situations, while in most cases limited by geographic area (excluding possible global crises) might not be limited by country borders. Thus there is a need for multi-country coordination of crisis situations, which in turn requires educated personnel to manage cross border crises in Visegrad countries. Such personnel should complement rather than substitute standard military personnel involved in managing crises. The complexity of managing crises also requires the curriculum for teaching future personnel in crisis situations to be at Masters level. The article aims at presenting key knowledge areas that should be developed in such curriculum to provide coherent knowledge that prepares future managers of crisis situations for their roles. The focus of curriculum should be on gaining practical knowledge on planning, implementation and controlling of the effectiveness of the flow of goods, materials and information on the areas affected by crisis situation. References Ficoń, K., 2011, Logistyka kryzysowa. Procedury, potrzeby, potencjał, BEL Studio Sp. z o. o., Warszawa Lovecek, T. et al. (2016): Currently Required Competencies of Crisis and Security Managers and New Tool for their Acquirement – The eSEC portal, In: 13th IEEE International Conference on Emerging eLearning Technologies and Applications (ICETA 2015), (2016), Article Number: 7558492 Nowak E., 2009, Logistyka w sytuacjach kryzysowych. AON, Warszawa Ristvej, J. et al. (2017): Experiences with Implementation of Information Systems within Preparation to Deal with Crisis Situations in Terms of Crisis Management and Building Resilience in the Slovak Republic, In: Proceedings - International Carnahan Conference on Security Technology; ICCST 2017, (2017). ISBN: 978-153861585-0. DOI: 10.1109/CCST.2017.8167821 Ristvej, J. – Zagorecki, A. 2011, Information Systems for Crisis Management - Current applications and future directions, In: Komunikácie Communications – Scientific Letters of the University of Žilina, Vol. 13, Iss. 2, 2011, p. 59-63, ISSN: 1335-4205. Seidl, M. Šimák, L. Zamiar Z., 2009, Aktualne zagadnienia zarządzania kryzysowego, CL Oficyna Wydawnicza NDiO, Wrocław Szymonik A., 2010 Logistyka w bezpieczeństwie, Difin S.A., Warszawa Zagorecki, A., Ristvej, J., Comfort, L.K., Lovecek, T. 2012 : Executive Dashboard Systems for Emergency Management, In: Komunikácie – Communications – Scientific Letters of the University of Žilina, Vol. 14, Iss. 2, 2012, p. 82-89, ISSN: 1335-4205
‡‡ Ristvej, J. – Zagorecki, A. (2011) : Information Systems for Crisis Management - Current applications and future directions, In: Komunikácie – Communications – Scientific Letters of the University of Žilina, Vol. 13, Iss. 2, 2011, p. 59-63, ISSN: 1335-4205.