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New England Ophthalmological Society
SOCIETY PROCEEDINGS Edited by D R . H . R O M M E L H I L D R E T H NEW
ENGLAND OPHTHALMOLOGICAL SOCIETY March 15, 1938
DR.
EDWIN
B . GOODALL,
presiding
seems to oppose the vascular origin or the histamine theory of the increased tension. S O M E PHYSIOLOGICAL
A N D ANATOMICAL
ASPECTS OF T H E CORNEA AFFECTING I T S R E C E N T ADVANCES I N CHEMISTRY AS R E
LATED TO OPHTHALMOLOGY D R . K A R L M E Y E R of Columbia U n i v e r
sity said, after a general introduction about the role of chemistry in ophthal mic research, that h e w a s dealing with two main problems, the metabolism of the lens and cataract, and the fluid exchange of the eye. A review was given of galactose cataract and dinitrophenol cataract. T h e hypothesis was put forward that the lens in vivo might be an obligatory anoxybiotic tissue, in which oxygen and oxida tion cause denaturation of the proteins composing the lens. The recent literature on fluid exchange of the eye was discussed. T h e evidence for the secretory origin of the ocular fluids was presented. T h e isolation and composition of a high molecular polysaccharide acid in vitreous a n d aqueous h u mor was stressed as being incompatible with the dialysis theory. Data on quanti tative determinations of hexosamine in the aqueous humor of rabbits and cats were given. A report was made of the in fluence of eserine, which definitely in creased the hexosamine and protein con centration of the aqueous; of atropine, which gave varying results; a n d of dionin, which had no effect. A few analyses were given of the hexosamine content of glaucomatous and nonglaucomatous h u man aqueous punctates. I n t h e cases in vestigated, including one of acute glau coma, no increase in hexosamine or pro tein content was found. This finding
PATHOLOGY
D R . THEODORE L . TERRY read a paper
on this subject which w a s published in this Journal ( F e b r u a r y , 1939). Virgil G. Casten, Recorder.
NEW
ENGLAND OPHTHALMOLOGICAL SOCIETY April 12, 1938
DR.
EDWIN
B . GOODALL,
presiding
A N I S E I K O N I A REVIEWED TO DATE D R . W A L T E R B. L A N C A S T E R read an in
teresting paper on the above subject. T h e following is an outline of the p a p e r : Causes: Anisometropia, asymmetrical convergence, unknown causes. Consequences: ( 1 ) Effect on perspec tive, space perception, orientation (tilt ing p l a n e ) . ( 2 ) Symptoms—namely, those of eyestrain—are like eyestrain from other causes. Objections: ( 1 ) A n y benefit from iseikonic lenses is due to suggestions, psycho therapy. ( 2 ) Anisophoria is the probable explanation. ( 3 ) Since asymmetrical con vergence produces large differences in size of the retinal images without discom fort, probably other forms of anisei konia a r e taken care of without symp toms. Reply: ( 1 ) Many, perhaps most, cases of eyestrain have a neurotic factor. Ani seikonia is no exception. T h a t is not the
ENGLAND OPHTHALMOLOGICAL SOCIETY March 15, 1938
DR.
EDWIN
B . GOODALL,
presiding
seems to oppose the vascular origin or the histamine theory of the increased tension. S O M E PHYSIOLOGICAL
A N D ANATOMICAL
ASPECTS OF T H E CORNEA AFFECTING I T S R E C E N T ADVANCES I N CHEMISTRY AS R E
LATED TO OPHTHALMOLOGY D R . K A R L M E Y E R of Columbia U n i v e r
sity said, after a general introduction about the role of chemistry in ophthal mic research, that h e w a s dealing with two main problems, the metabolism of the lens and cataract, and the fluid exchange of the eye. A review was given of galactose cataract and dinitrophenol cataract. T h e hypothesis was put forward that the lens in vivo might be an obligatory anoxybiotic tissue, in which oxygen and oxida tion cause denaturation of the proteins composing the lens. The recent literature on fluid exchange of the eye was discussed. T h e evidence for the secretory origin of the ocular fluids was presented. T h e isolation and composition of a high molecular polysaccharide acid in vitreous a n d aqueous h u mor was stressed as being incompatible with the dialysis theory. Data on quanti tative determinations of hexosamine in the aqueous humor of rabbits and cats were given. A report was made of the in fluence of eserine, which definitely in creased the hexosamine and protein con centration of the aqueous; of atropine, which gave varying results; a n d of dionin, which had no effect. A few analyses were given of the hexosamine content of glaucomatous and nonglaucomatous h u man aqueous punctates. I n t h e cases in vestigated, including one of acute glau coma, no increase in hexosamine or pro tein content was found. This finding
PATHOLOGY
D R . THEODORE L . TERRY read a paper
on this subject which w a s published in this Journal ( F e b r u a r y , 1939). Virgil G. Casten, Recorder.
NEW
ENGLAND OPHTHALMOLOGICAL SOCIETY April 12, 1938
DR.
EDWIN
B . GOODALL,
presiding
A N I S E I K O N I A REVIEWED TO DATE D R . W A L T E R B. L A N C A S T E R read an in
teresting paper on the above subject. T h e following is an outline of the p a p e r : Causes: Anisometropia, asymmetrical convergence, unknown causes. Consequences: ( 1 ) Effect on perspec tive, space perception, orientation (tilt ing p l a n e ) . ( 2 ) Symptoms—namely, those of eyestrain—are like eyestrain from other causes. Objections: ( 1 ) A n y benefit from iseikonic lenses is due to suggestions, psycho therapy. ( 2 ) Anisophoria is the probable explanation. ( 3 ) Since asymmetrical con vergence produces large differences in size of the retinal images without discom fort, probably other forms of anisei konia a r e taken care of without symp toms. Reply: ( 1 ) Many, perhaps most, cases of eyestrain have a neurotic factor. Ani seikonia is no exception. T h a t is not the