- Email: [email protected]
New materials science for forthcoming sustainable society
ARTICLE IN PRESS
Science and Technology of Advanced Materials 7 (2006) 481–482 www.elsevier.com/locate/stam
Preface
New materials science for forthcoming sustainable society Materials have been widely researched from various aspects in order to maintain continuous development of our society in different directions: new materials, new functionalization, their size, stability, purity and so on. Nanomaterials, for example, have been attracting much attention in recent decades. Chemistry and Metallurgy had both originated in alchemy and advanced toward different directions in space and time; for chemistry to as short as elemental collisions and as small as atoms and for metallurgy to as long as fatigue and as large as constructions. Our research group, ‘‘A United Approach to New Materials Science’’ in the 21st Century Center of Excellence Program is focusing on fusion of Chemistry and Metallurgy to renovate material science and cultivate new fields of the science leading to a revolution in advance of R&D of materials. The group is, thus, composed of wide areas of chemistry and metallurgy including fine organic synthesis, bio-relating materials, energy conversion materials, glass and inorganic crystals, metal vapors, alloys and others. The progress of our approach seems rather slow and not a few people may feel that we are still in the middle of the course, but we believe that our footsteps starting from two extreme ends are steadily approaching and direct to the unification of two fields of science. We represent our respective achievements in this special issue; thus, it contains articles of various areas, from fine synthesis of organic materials to physical properties of constructions. This special issue starts with three papers presented by the members of Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Matsuda et al. investigated structures of expanded fluid rubidium up to the supercritical region developing a new sample cell compatible to liquid alkali metals under high temperature–high pressure conditions and using synchrotron radiation. Uda et al. report electroplating of thin titanium layer on an iron surface by galvanic contact deposition in NaCl–TiCl2 molten salt. Ito et al. report their challenges to reduce the ohmic contact resistance at metal/SiC interfaces by doping Al in 4H-SiC using an ion-implantation technique. Katase et al. report water content and related physical properties of aliphatic quaternary ammonium imide-type ionic liquid containing metal ions. Then, Fujita et al. of Department of Material Chemistry show that the rutile-type TiO2-based macroporous mono-
liths prepared from the sol–gel systems containing aqueous anatase-type titania colloid and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) are strongly scattering media for visible light and that the scattering strength can be controlled by the macroporous morphology. The members of Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry present the next three papers; Yamada et al. report lithium ion transfer at the interface between LixCoO2 electrodes and PVdF-based polymer gel electrolytes and discuss the design of thin film lithium-ion batteries using polymer gel electrolytes. Matsui et al. review their recent researches on chemical interaction between platinum and tin oxide, where heat treatment of tin oxide supported platinum catalysts under oxidizing or reducing atmospheres at various temperatures, and its effect on the catalytic activity for methane combustion and electrochemical oxidation of CO are described. Okazaki et al. report synthesis of disubstituted homodiamantanes by acylative ring expansion using benzoyl trifluoromethanesulfonate. Diamantane is a hydrocarbon whose carbon framework is a part of diamond lattice. The members of Department of Material Chemistry present the next two papers; Nakao et al. report biaryl synthesis using highly stable aryl[2-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl]dimethylsilanes and aryl iodides under fluoride-free conditions. A biaryl structure is one of the most fundamental structural motifs of functional molecules that find numerous applications in organic optoelectronic materials. Kawamura et al. report synthesis of a novel foldamer with pyrene units incorporated into a peptide main chain and investigation of its conformation in solution by spectroscopic measurements and computational calculations. Phong et al. of Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry report their investigation on electron transfer of horse heart cytochrome c (cyt c) immobilized on the artificially phase separated binary self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) composed of 11-amino-1-undecanthiolate (AUTe) and 10-carboxy-1-decanethiolate (MUAe), (p-SAMs) and suggest a favorable orientation of cyt c on p-SAMs for electron transfer with electrode. Kitagawa et al. of Department of Material Chemistry report one-step immobilization of cationic polymer onto a poly(methyl methacrylate) microchip for high performance electrophoretic analysis of proteins.
1468-6996/$ - see front matter r 2006 NIMS and Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.stam.2006.08.001
ARTICLE IN PRESS 482
Preface / Science and Technology of Advanced Materials 7 (2006) 481–482
The members of Department of Polymer Chemistry present the last four papers; Matsumoto et al. report the detailed structure and unique characteristics of sodium poly(4-styrenesulfonate)-grafted polymer fine particles synthesized by core-cross-linking of block copolymer micelles. The particle nanostructure was analyzed by small-angle neutron scattering, dynamic light scattering, and atomic force microscopy. Sanda et al. report the chiroptical properties of poly((S)-N-(3-butynyl)-3-methylpentanamide) (poly(1)) and their conformation analysis indicated that it took a helical structure with predominantly one-handed screw sense. Osa reviews their recent results of the fine characterizations carried out for two kinds of typical flexible polymers, atactic poly(amethylstyrene) (a-PaMS) and atactic polystyrene (a-PS) and describs the expected difference in their characters due to the difference in their chemical structures. Takenaka et al. report microdomain structures of novel block
copolymers, poly(p-tert-pentyloxyvinylbebzene-b-p-vinylphenol) and poly(p-tert-pentyloxy-vinylbebzene-b-p-vinylphenol-b-p-tert-pentyloxyvinylbebzene). Their small-angle X-ray scattering analysis indicated that the block copolymers formed the lamella structures in the order of 1 nm with long-range order. If readers of this issue felt any symptom of the unification and a scrape of our trial, and if the New Materials Science contributed to developing the forthcoming sustainable society, that would be undeserved pleasure for all of the group members.
Zempachi Ogumi United Approach to New Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Japan E-mail address: [email protected]
Science and Technology of Advanced Materials 7 (2006) 481–482 www.elsevier.com/locate/stam
Preface
New materials science for forthcoming sustainable society Materials have been widely researched from various aspects in order to maintain continuous development of our society in different directions: new materials, new functionalization, their size, stability, purity and so on. Nanomaterials, for example, have been attracting much attention in recent decades. Chemistry and Metallurgy had both originated in alchemy and advanced toward different directions in space and time; for chemistry to as short as elemental collisions and as small as atoms and for metallurgy to as long as fatigue and as large as constructions. Our research group, ‘‘A United Approach to New Materials Science’’ in the 21st Century Center of Excellence Program is focusing on fusion of Chemistry and Metallurgy to renovate material science and cultivate new fields of the science leading to a revolution in advance of R&D of materials. The group is, thus, composed of wide areas of chemistry and metallurgy including fine organic synthesis, bio-relating materials, energy conversion materials, glass and inorganic crystals, metal vapors, alloys and others. The progress of our approach seems rather slow and not a few people may feel that we are still in the middle of the course, but we believe that our footsteps starting from two extreme ends are steadily approaching and direct to the unification of two fields of science. We represent our respective achievements in this special issue; thus, it contains articles of various areas, from fine synthesis of organic materials to physical properties of constructions. This special issue starts with three papers presented by the members of Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Matsuda et al. investigated structures of expanded fluid rubidium up to the supercritical region developing a new sample cell compatible to liquid alkali metals under high temperature–high pressure conditions and using synchrotron radiation. Uda et al. report electroplating of thin titanium layer on an iron surface by galvanic contact deposition in NaCl–TiCl2 molten salt. Ito et al. report their challenges to reduce the ohmic contact resistance at metal/SiC interfaces by doping Al in 4H-SiC using an ion-implantation technique. Katase et al. report water content and related physical properties of aliphatic quaternary ammonium imide-type ionic liquid containing metal ions. Then, Fujita et al. of Department of Material Chemistry show that the rutile-type TiO2-based macroporous mono-
liths prepared from the sol–gel systems containing aqueous anatase-type titania colloid and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) are strongly scattering media for visible light and that the scattering strength can be controlled by the macroporous morphology. The members of Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry present the next three papers; Yamada et al. report lithium ion transfer at the interface between LixCoO2 electrodes and PVdF-based polymer gel electrolytes and discuss the design of thin film lithium-ion batteries using polymer gel electrolytes. Matsui et al. review their recent researches on chemical interaction between platinum and tin oxide, where heat treatment of tin oxide supported platinum catalysts under oxidizing or reducing atmospheres at various temperatures, and its effect on the catalytic activity for methane combustion and electrochemical oxidation of CO are described. Okazaki et al. report synthesis of disubstituted homodiamantanes by acylative ring expansion using benzoyl trifluoromethanesulfonate. Diamantane is a hydrocarbon whose carbon framework is a part of diamond lattice. The members of Department of Material Chemistry present the next two papers; Nakao et al. report biaryl synthesis using highly stable aryl[2-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl]dimethylsilanes and aryl iodides under fluoride-free conditions. A biaryl structure is one of the most fundamental structural motifs of functional molecules that find numerous applications in organic optoelectronic materials. Kawamura et al. report synthesis of a novel foldamer with pyrene units incorporated into a peptide main chain and investigation of its conformation in solution by spectroscopic measurements and computational calculations. Phong et al. of Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry report their investigation on electron transfer of horse heart cytochrome c (cyt c) immobilized on the artificially phase separated binary self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) composed of 11-amino-1-undecanthiolate (AUTe) and 10-carboxy-1-decanethiolate (MUAe), (p-SAMs) and suggest a favorable orientation of cyt c on p-SAMs for electron transfer with electrode. Kitagawa et al. of Department of Material Chemistry report one-step immobilization of cationic polymer onto a poly(methyl methacrylate) microchip for high performance electrophoretic analysis of proteins.
1468-6996/$ - see front matter r 2006 NIMS and Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.stam.2006.08.001
ARTICLE IN PRESS 482
Preface / Science and Technology of Advanced Materials 7 (2006) 481–482
The members of Department of Polymer Chemistry present the last four papers; Matsumoto et al. report the detailed structure and unique characteristics of sodium poly(4-styrenesulfonate)-grafted polymer fine particles synthesized by core-cross-linking of block copolymer micelles. The particle nanostructure was analyzed by small-angle neutron scattering, dynamic light scattering, and atomic force microscopy. Sanda et al. report the chiroptical properties of poly((S)-N-(3-butynyl)-3-methylpentanamide) (poly(1)) and their conformation analysis indicated that it took a helical structure with predominantly one-handed screw sense. Osa reviews their recent results of the fine characterizations carried out for two kinds of typical flexible polymers, atactic poly(amethylstyrene) (a-PaMS) and atactic polystyrene (a-PS) and describs the expected difference in their characters due to the difference in their chemical structures. Takenaka et al. report microdomain structures of novel block
copolymers, poly(p-tert-pentyloxyvinylbebzene-b-p-vinylphenol) and poly(p-tert-pentyloxy-vinylbebzene-b-p-vinylphenol-b-p-tert-pentyloxyvinylbebzene). Their small-angle X-ray scattering analysis indicated that the block copolymers formed the lamella structures in the order of 1 nm with long-range order. If readers of this issue felt any symptom of the unification and a scrape of our trial, and if the New Materials Science contributed to developing the forthcoming sustainable society, that would be undeserved pleasure for all of the group members.
Zempachi Ogumi United Approach to New Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Japan E-mail address: [email protected]