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New molecular sieve membrane
Patents Patent number: FR 2705250 Date: 25th November 1994 Inoentor: J. Chiapello Applicant: ENS SA
New molecular sieve membrane The characteristic of the new material is a d-spacing value of 18 Angstroms or greater, and benzene adsorption above 15 g/ 100 g anhydrous crystal at 50 torr and 25 “C. In practical membranes using this material, the material can be functionalised by contact with compounds of the general formula MXYn where M Is a metal, X is a halo, hydride, l-6C alkoxide, l-18C alkyl, alkenyl, aryl or aryl oxide, sulphonate, nitrate or acetate group, and Y is one of amine, phosphine, sulphide, carbonyl or cyan0 groups; n = l-5. The material is classified as a M4 1 S or MCM-4 1 mesoporous material. It resists high temperatures and is stable over a wide pH range. It can be functionahsed to include various reactive species and can be modified to provide a predetermined pore size. Patent number: US 5378440 Date: 3rd January 1995 Inventors: J.A. Herbst; C.T. Kresge; D.H. Olson; K.D. Schmitt: J.C. Vartuli; D.I.C. Wang Applicant: Mobil Oil Corporation
Tartric stabilisation of wine Tartaric acid is a component of grape juice, and plays an important part in the development of the correct acid-sugar balance in the finished wine. Excess tartaric acid can lead to ill effects in the wine, beyond the simple contribution that the acid makes to pH. Sediments and crystals can affect
Membrane Technology No. 65
the keeping qualities of the wine, as well as the appearance of the wine. Stabilisation of wines comprises taking a sample of the wine to be stabilised, determining the specific degree of mstabihty of the wine, and subjecting the wine to membrane electrodialysis if the wine is unstable. The patent describes an installation for the automatic tartric stabilisation of wine, where the electrodialysis membrane is to some extent determined by the type of wine to be treated. The device enables young and old wines to be stabilised by the removal of potassium and calcium tartrates which may otherwise precipitate in the wine. Organoleptic qualities of the wine are not affected and the wine is treated gently, circulating through the installation under low pressure (1 bar), and controlled temperature (20-25°C) and under an inert atmosphere. Operating costs are less than 10% of refrigeration techniques. The effluent produced, rich in tartaric acid, is itself useful elsewhere in the food industry. The electrodialysis unit does not require regeneration, just washing with acid or alkah between operating runs. Patent number: WO 9506110 Date: 2nd March 1995 Inventors: J. Escudier, B. Saint-Pierre, J.-L. Battle, M. Moutounet Applfcant: INRA - Institut National de Recherche Agronomique
Membrane for virus and bacteria filtration The membrane rests on a porous backing material; the filter consists of a 2-sided porous non-woven fibrous substrate, and a membrane with 2 zones. The first side of the substrate is integral with the first zone of the membrane, and does not penetrate into the second zone. The pore size in the first zone, preferably 0.5-2.0 micrometres, Is
50% larger than the pore size in the second zone. The thickness of each of the two layers is 25- 125 micrometres. The process by which the membrane is manufactured, a two-stage coating and controlled evaporation of solvent sequence, is also covered by the patent. The membrane offers a high level of structural integrity without a significant increase in pressure drop. There is also a high titre reduction, absence of faults and blemishes. Patent numbers:DE 4424482, FR 2707522 Date: 19th January 1995, 20th January 1995 Inventors: P. J. Degen Applicant: Pall Corporation
Rotating membrane A suspension in which the solid particle size range is 0.01-100 microns is pumped under pressure into a vessel with a rotor revolving with a frequency of 0. l- 170 rpm. The rotor is covered by a ffltering membrane. Water passes through the membrane and is removed via the rotor’s hollow shaft. Solid particles are thrown off the membrane by centrifugal forces and are periodically removed via a lower exit pipe. The separation of the liquid and solid phases is effective when the ratio of centrifugal to pressure forces acting on the dispersed particles is in the range 0.3-30: 1. At 0.3: 1, filtrate flows in the reverse direction through the membrane and cleans its surface. The method is applied to industrial waste water, In order to remove and recycle finely divided material in order to reuse it. The technique shows increased separation of solids and a more efficient regeneration of the filtering membrane. Patent number: SU 1825648 Date: 7th July 1993 Inventors: V.A. Padokhin, O.C. Pigulevskil, I.V. Nuzhdina Applicant: USSR Non Aqueous Solutions Chemical Institute
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New molecular sieve membrane The characteristic of the new material is a d-spacing value of 18 Angstroms or greater, and benzene adsorption above 15 g/ 100 g anhydrous crystal at 50 torr and 25 “C. In practical membranes using this material, the material can be functionalised by contact with compounds of the general formula MXYn where M Is a metal, X is a halo, hydride, l-6C alkoxide, l-18C alkyl, alkenyl, aryl or aryl oxide, sulphonate, nitrate or acetate group, and Y is one of amine, phosphine, sulphide, carbonyl or cyan0 groups; n = l-5. The material is classified as a M4 1 S or MCM-4 1 mesoporous material. It resists high temperatures and is stable over a wide pH range. It can be functionahsed to include various reactive species and can be modified to provide a predetermined pore size. Patent number: US 5378440 Date: 3rd January 1995 Inventors: J.A. Herbst; C.T. Kresge; D.H. Olson; K.D. Schmitt: J.C. Vartuli; D.I.C. Wang Applicant: Mobil Oil Corporation
Tartric stabilisation of wine Tartaric acid is a component of grape juice, and plays an important part in the development of the correct acid-sugar balance in the finished wine. Excess tartaric acid can lead to ill effects in the wine, beyond the simple contribution that the acid makes to pH. Sediments and crystals can affect
Membrane Technology No. 65
the keeping qualities of the wine, as well as the appearance of the wine. Stabilisation of wines comprises taking a sample of the wine to be stabilised, determining the specific degree of mstabihty of the wine, and subjecting the wine to membrane electrodialysis if the wine is unstable. The patent describes an installation for the automatic tartric stabilisation of wine, where the electrodialysis membrane is to some extent determined by the type of wine to be treated. The device enables young and old wines to be stabilised by the removal of potassium and calcium tartrates which may otherwise precipitate in the wine. Organoleptic qualities of the wine are not affected and the wine is treated gently, circulating through the installation under low pressure (1 bar), and controlled temperature (20-25°C) and under an inert atmosphere. Operating costs are less than 10% of refrigeration techniques. The effluent produced, rich in tartaric acid, is itself useful elsewhere in the food industry. The electrodialysis unit does not require regeneration, just washing with acid or alkah between operating runs. Patent number: WO 9506110 Date: 2nd March 1995 Inventors: J. Escudier, B. Saint-Pierre, J.-L. Battle, M. Moutounet Applfcant: INRA - Institut National de Recherche Agronomique
Membrane for virus and bacteria filtration The membrane rests on a porous backing material; the filter consists of a 2-sided porous non-woven fibrous substrate, and a membrane with 2 zones. The first side of the substrate is integral with the first zone of the membrane, and does not penetrate into the second zone. The pore size in the first zone, preferably 0.5-2.0 micrometres, Is
50% larger than the pore size in the second zone. The thickness of each of the two layers is 25- 125 micrometres. The process by which the membrane is manufactured, a two-stage coating and controlled evaporation of solvent sequence, is also covered by the patent. The membrane offers a high level of structural integrity without a significant increase in pressure drop. There is also a high titre reduction, absence of faults and blemishes. Patent numbers:DE 4424482, FR 2707522 Date: 19th January 1995, 20th January 1995 Inventors: P. J. Degen Applicant: Pall Corporation
Rotating membrane A suspension in which the solid particle size range is 0.01-100 microns is pumped under pressure into a vessel with a rotor revolving with a frequency of 0. l- 170 rpm. The rotor is covered by a ffltering membrane. Water passes through the membrane and is removed via the rotor’s hollow shaft. Solid particles are thrown off the membrane by centrifugal forces and are periodically removed via a lower exit pipe. The separation of the liquid and solid phases is effective when the ratio of centrifugal to pressure forces acting on the dispersed particles is in the range 0.3-30: 1. At 0.3: 1, filtrate flows in the reverse direction through the membrane and cleans its surface. The method is applied to industrial waste water, In order to remove and recycle finely divided material in order to reuse it. The technique shows increased separation of solids and a more efficient regeneration of the filtering membrane. Patent number: SU 1825648 Date: 7th July 1993 Inventors: V.A. Padokhin, O.C. Pigulevskil, I.V. Nuzhdina Applicant: USSR Non Aqueous Solutions Chemical Institute
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