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New results of ndt by the magnetic leakage field method
A S T M s " E-7 C o m m i t t e e
W h a t are w e up to?
R. E. T U R N E R
In an editorial entitled 'Plain Talk' appearing in the January 1971 issue of The American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) publication TechGram, M r William T. Cavanaugh, Managing Director of A S T M quoted from Peter Drucker's recent book 'The Age of Discontinuity'--'It takes a great deal of experience--or at least a great deal of imagination for one of the executives in today's pluralism to have any idea what the other ones are up to and why.' Even considering the ease of international air travel today, and the increasing communication among m e m b e r s of the nondestructive testing fraternity around the world, this statement is probably all too true when applied to an understanding of the functions of A S T M in the United States in general, and its Committee E-7 on Nondestructive Testing in particuiar. M r Cavanaugh also pointed out in this same editorial'The new statement of scope says that A S T M is formed 'for the development of standards' on characteristics and performance of materials, products, systems and services and the promotion of related knowledge. In A S T M terminology, standards include test methods, definitions, recommended practice, classifications, and specifications. The word 'standard' is used adjectively in A S T M . Thus we speak of standard test methods, standard definitions, standard specifications, and so on'. This is the banner flying at the mast head under which some 109 committees working in as m a n y disciplines such as Committee E-7 on Nondestructive Testing, and a host of other related committees operate. A S T M is not a governmental agency, but operates from a voluntary membership of 15 819 (as of September 1970) of which the membership of Committee E-7 consists of 175 voting m e m b e r s and 55 consulting members. The A S T M story is too huge to include in this article, and I a m not sure I could do it justice anyway. The A S T M Committee E-7 story is, of course, much more familiar and is of more immediate interest to the international ndt fraternity, particularly since its involvement with the ISO-TC-135 Committee on NDT, beginning last fall. A S T M Committee E-7 was organized 33 years ago in 1938-within two years following a Symposium on Radiography and X-Ray Diffraction sponsored by the society in June 1936. The chairman of the symposium and the first E-7 Committee chairman was Robert F. Mehl, in recognition of whose work the Mehl Honor Lectures of the American Society for Nondestructive
R. E. T u r n e r is C h a i r m a n of ASTM's E - 7 Committee.
Testing a r e p r e s e n t e d . One of the famous l e c t u r e r s at the 1936 s y m p o s i u m and second E - 7 C o m m i t t e e c h a i r m a n was Dr H. H. L e s t e r , also recognized by ASNT in the L e s t e r Honor L e c t u r e s . Other famous p a r t i c i p a n t s in this s y m p o s i u m w e r e Prof. J. T. Norton of the M a s s a c h u s e t t s Institute of Tdclmology; H. R. I s e n b u r g e r , who with St. John wrote m a n y books and a r t i c l e s on industrial radiography; Kent R. Va_uHorn p a s t p r e s i d e n t of ASNT, p a s t p r e s i d e n t of the A m e r i c a n Society for Metals, and recently r e t i r e d as vice p r e s i d e n t of Aluminum C o r p o r a t i o n of A m e r i c a ; as well as the late Rex B. Wilsey, and Dr H e r m a n Seeman, retired, both of Kodak R e s e a r c h L a b o r a t o r i e s , whose e a r l y work in the field of industrial r a d i o graphy is well known. It is obvious from this beginning that the E-7 C o m mittee was highly oriented to industrial radiography. Indeed the committee was known as the A S T M E-7 Committee on Radiographic Testing and the first two subcommittees were on Radiography, and Reference Radiographs. As the years went by, other ndt disciplines appeared and were accepted in practice by industry. These disciplines were added to the roster of subcommittees under E-7 as they became recognized in industry, so the n a m e of the committee was changed to A S T M E-7 Committee on Nondestructive Testing. As the entire field of ndt has become more and more sophisticated, the E-7 committee has broadened its scope over the years and as of 1970 the scope of the committee was rewritten and states that C o m mittee E-7 on Nondestructive Testing is organized for:
'The promotion of knowledge, advancement of the technology and stimulation and s p o n s o r s h i p of r e s e a r c h , with r e g a r d to nondestructive testing of engineering m a t e r i a l s , s t r u c t u r e s and a s s e m b l i e s , o r discontinuities, s t r u c t u r a l i r r e g u l a r i t i e s or c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s , and extension of the methods used to other m a t e r i a l s and p r o c e s s engineering p r o b l e m s . 'The formulation of r e q u i r e m e n t s relating to the p e r f o r m a n c e , interpretation and classification of r e s u l t s of such tests, without prejudice to the jurisdiction of product c o m m i t t e e s o v e r their r e s p e c t i v e products. 'The coordination and review of nondestructive t e s t ing clauses initiated by other c o m m i t t e e s o r included in documents p r e p a r e d jointly with other o r g a n i z a tions. 'Liaison to include coordination and consultation where desirable with other A S T M technical committees as well as other organizations associated with nondestructive testing. non-destructive testing August 1971
251
' A r e a s of interest: The principal a r e a of interest of Committee E-7 includes the traditional n o n d e s t r u c tive test methods such as radiographic, magnetic particle, penetrant, ultrasonic, e l e c t r o m a g n e t i c (eddy current) and leak testing methods and their applications and extensions as delineated in the scope, also other methods which have been, or m a y be developed which are nondestructive and have similar objectives, applications, or extensions. The scope does not include determination or promulgation of acceptance standards for products subjected to nondestructive tests; these are the prerogatives of the product committees. However, it m a y include consultative or advisory effort in that area by request of any product committee, or any internally generated reference material for use and designed to facilitate the product committees' task of establishing such standards'.
This s e e m s to be a long drawn out p r o c e d u r e and it often takes many y e a r s to produce a document. The advantage of the s y s t e m is that by the time a document becomes a standard it has been so thoroughly worked over that it is seldom s e r i o u s l y questioned by the industries who use it. In addition, a set of checks and balances is build into the system; any voting m e m b e r of the E-7 Committee can send a proposed document back to committee by a simple negative vote--which, by the way, always r e q u i r e s an explanation.
The above statement of scope d e s c r i b e s in c o n s i d e r able detail what the E-7 Committee does, so, I suppose, the next question should be how does it w o r k ?
New Standard
Management of the committee is accomplished by the officers--a chairman, f i r s t vice chairman, second vice chairman, s e c r e t a r y , and m e m b e r s h i p s e c r e t a r y with an ASTM staff liaison r e p r e s e n t a t i v e acting as advisor. The main E-7 Committee is then divided into subcommittees: E07.01 Radiographic P r a c t i c e and P e n e t r a m eters E07.02 Reference Radiographs E07.03 Magnetic P a r t i c l e and Penetrant Testing E07.06 Ultrasonic Testing P r o c e d u r e E07.07 l~lectromagnetic Methods E07.08 Leak Testing E07.09 Materials Inspection and Testing Laboratories Plus the following administrative Subcommittees:
The Annual Report of Committee E-7 for 1970 was five printed pages in length and listed the following Recommendations Accepted by the Society Under the Interim P r o c e d u r e for Stanaards:
E390-69, Reference Radiographs for Steel Fusion Welds (Subcommittee E. 07.02) (Effective Oct. 17, 1969). This recommendation was prompted by a number of requests from m e m b e r s representing p r o c e dures and u s e r s of welded steel products who e x p r e s s e d a need for r e f e r e n c e radiographs d e s c r i b ing the types and s e v e r i t y levels of discontinuities by radiographic inspection of welds in steel products. Tentative adoption as Standard without Revision E376-69 (Formerly E376-68T) R e c o m m e n d e d Practice for Measuring Coating Thickness by Magnetic Field or Eddy Current (Electromagnetic) Test Methods (Subcommittee E07.07) (Effective Oct. 17, 1969). R.eapproval of Standards
E07.92 Nomenclature E07.99 USA National Committee for ISO/TC 135 on Nondestructive Testing E07.9 Monitoring of Illustrations in E-7 Documents E07.9 New Methods Review
E155-164 (1970) Reference Radiographs for Inspection of Aluminum and Magnesium Castings (Series HI) (Subcommittee EOT. 02). E192-64 (1970) Reference Radiographs of Investment Steel Castings for A e r o s p a c e Applications (Subcommittee E07.02).
(The last two administrative subcommittees are so new that they have not had a computer number assigned to them as of this writing)
To detail the activities of the 33 various task groups making up the Subcommittees would be too lengthy to r e p o r t in this paper, however, it can be assumed that each of these task groups will generate a document sometime in the future. However, it might be of interest to provide a r e c o r d of c u r r e n t documents from the ASTM 1970 Annual Book of Standards, P a r t 31, which have emanated from Committee E-7 on Nondestructive Testing. These are:
The committee officers and the Subcommittee Chairm a n form the Committee E-7 Executive Council which is the governing body of the committee. The Subcommittees o v e r s e e a number of Task Groups, each of which is assigned a specific task which usually leads to the generation of a document, for example a recommended practice or set of r e f e r e n c e photographs. When the document is p r o duced by the Task F o r c e , it is ballotted among the m e m b e r s of the Task F o r c e and all negative votes a r e resolved by consultation until a g r e e m e n t is reached. When this is accomplished the document is balloted by the Subcommittee, and all negative votes again a r e resolved. At this point, the document is ready for Committee E - 7 balloting which is generally proposed to the Executive Council. The full C o m mittee E-7 is then balloted (which requites a 60% response), and when all negative votes a r e resolved by the Task F o r c e and the Subcommittee, Committee E-7 r e c o m m e n d s to ASTM that the document be accepted as Tentative or Standard and a number is 252
assigned by A S T M , such as E376-69, and the document is added to the A S T M book of standards.
non-destructive testing August 1971
E LEC TROMAGNE
TIC
R e c o m m e n d e d Practices for: (1)
E309-66T Eddy C u r r e n t Testing of Steel Tubular P r o d u c t s with Magnetic Saturation (2) E243-67T Electromagnetic (Eddy Current) T e s t ing of Seamless Copper and Copper Alloy Heat Exchanges and Condensor Tubes (3) E215-67 Electromagnetic Testing of Seamless Aluminum Alloy Tube, Standardizing Equipment for
(4) E376-69 Measuring Coating Thickness by Magnetic-Field or Eddy-Current (Electromagnetic) Test Methods.
(19) E71-64 Steel Castings up to 2-in Thickness (20) E390-69 Steel Fusion Welds (21) E99-63 Steel Welds (22) E310-68 Tin Bronze Castings
Definition of Terms Relatin~ to:
(5) E268-68 Electromagnetic Testing
Recommended Practices for: (23) E94-68 Radiographic Testing
LIQUID P E N E T R A N T Methods for: E165-65 Liquid P e n e t r a n t Inspection Definitions of T e r m s Relating to: (7) E270-68 Liquid P e n e t r a n t Inspection
ULTRASONIC
(6)
MAGNETIC P A R T I C L E
Methods for:
Methods for: (24) E164-65 Ultrasonic Contact Inspection of Weldments (25) E273-68 Ultrasonic Inspection of Longitudinal and Spiral Welds of Welded Pipe and Tubing (26) E213-68 Ultrasonic Inspection of Metal Pipe and Tubing for Longitudinal Discontinuities.
(8) E109-63 Magnetic P a r t i c l e Inspections, Dry Powder
(9) E138-63 Magnetic P a r t i c l e Inspection, Wet R e f e r e n c e Photographs for:
(10) E125-63 Magnetic P a r t i c l e Indication on F e r r o u s Castings Definitions of T e r m s Relating to: (11) E269-68 Magnetic Particle Inspection RADIOGRAPHY
Methods for: (12) E142-68 Radiographic Testing, Controlling Quality of Reference Radiographs for: = ,
(13) E155-64 Aluminum and Magnesium Castings (Series H), Inspection of (14) E242-68 Appearance of Radiographic Images as Certain P a r a m e t e r s a r e Changed (15) E280-68 Heavy Walled (41/2 to 12-in) Steel Castings (16) E272-67 High Strength Copper Base and Nickel Copper Alloy Castings (17) E192-64 Investment Steel Castings for Aerospace Applications (16) E186-67 Steel Castings, Heavy Walled (2 to 41/2 in)
Recommended Practices for:
(27) E317-66 Evaluating Performances Characteristic of Pulse Echo Ultrasonic Testing Systems (28) E127-64 Fabricating and Checking Aluminum Alloy Ultrasonic Standard Reference Blocks (29) E214-66 Immersed Ultrasonic Testing by the Reflection Methods Using Pulsed Longitudinal Waves (30) El14-63 Ultrasonic Testing by the Reflection Method, Using Pulsed Longitudinal Waves Induced by Direct Current (31) El13-67 Ultrasonic Testing by the Resonance Method This then is the report card of Committee E-7. In the next to last sentence of the editorial mentioned in the v e r y beginning, Mr Cavanaugh says 'As the Managing D i r e c t o r of ASTM, I feel that it is vitally important for us to help the m e m b e r s of the technical and professional societies to understand what we a r e up to and why'. In a much s m a l l e r way, this article is an attempt to s u r v e y what ASTM's Committee E - 7 on Nondestructive Testing is up to. T h e r e is a p o s t e r seen occasionally on the bulletin boards of manufacturing establishments in this country which says in effect ' P r o g r e s s is when e v e r y one pushes in the same direction'. The same thought can and should be applied to nondestructive testing p r a c t i c e s all o v e r the globe.
non-destructive testing August 1971
253
W h a t are w e up to?
R. E. T U R N E R
In an editorial entitled 'Plain Talk' appearing in the January 1971 issue of The American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) publication TechGram, M r William T. Cavanaugh, Managing Director of A S T M quoted from Peter Drucker's recent book 'The Age of Discontinuity'--'It takes a great deal of experience--or at least a great deal of imagination for one of the executives in today's pluralism to have any idea what the other ones are up to and why.' Even considering the ease of international air travel today, and the increasing communication among m e m b e r s of the nondestructive testing fraternity around the world, this statement is probably all too true when applied to an understanding of the functions of A S T M in the United States in general, and its Committee E-7 on Nondestructive Testing in particuiar. M r Cavanaugh also pointed out in this same editorial'The new statement of scope says that A S T M is formed 'for the development of standards' on characteristics and performance of materials, products, systems and services and the promotion of related knowledge. In A S T M terminology, standards include test methods, definitions, recommended practice, classifications, and specifications. The word 'standard' is used adjectively in A S T M . Thus we speak of standard test methods, standard definitions, standard specifications, and so on'. This is the banner flying at the mast head under which some 109 committees working in as m a n y disciplines such as Committee E-7 on Nondestructive Testing, and a host of other related committees operate. A S T M is not a governmental agency, but operates from a voluntary membership of 15 819 (as of September 1970) of which the membership of Committee E-7 consists of 175 voting m e m b e r s and 55 consulting members. The A S T M story is too huge to include in this article, and I a m not sure I could do it justice anyway. The A S T M Committee E-7 story is, of course, much more familiar and is of more immediate interest to the international ndt fraternity, particularly since its involvement with the ISO-TC-135 Committee on NDT, beginning last fall. A S T M Committee E-7 was organized 33 years ago in 1938-within two years following a Symposium on Radiography and X-Ray Diffraction sponsored by the society in June 1936. The chairman of the symposium and the first E-7 Committee chairman was Robert F. Mehl, in recognition of whose work the Mehl Honor Lectures of the American Society for Nondestructive
R. E. T u r n e r is C h a i r m a n of ASTM's E - 7 Committee.
Testing a r e p r e s e n t e d . One of the famous l e c t u r e r s at the 1936 s y m p o s i u m and second E - 7 C o m m i t t e e c h a i r m a n was Dr H. H. L e s t e r , also recognized by ASNT in the L e s t e r Honor L e c t u r e s . Other famous p a r t i c i p a n t s in this s y m p o s i u m w e r e Prof. J. T. Norton of the M a s s a c h u s e t t s Institute of Tdclmology; H. R. I s e n b u r g e r , who with St. John wrote m a n y books and a r t i c l e s on industrial radiography; Kent R. Va_uHorn p a s t p r e s i d e n t of ASNT, p a s t p r e s i d e n t of the A m e r i c a n Society for Metals, and recently r e t i r e d as vice p r e s i d e n t of Aluminum C o r p o r a t i o n of A m e r i c a ; as well as the late Rex B. Wilsey, and Dr H e r m a n Seeman, retired, both of Kodak R e s e a r c h L a b o r a t o r i e s , whose e a r l y work in the field of industrial r a d i o graphy is well known. It is obvious from this beginning that the E-7 C o m mittee was highly oriented to industrial radiography. Indeed the committee was known as the A S T M E-7 Committee on Radiographic Testing and the first two subcommittees were on Radiography, and Reference Radiographs. As the years went by, other ndt disciplines appeared and were accepted in practice by industry. These disciplines were added to the roster of subcommittees under E-7 as they became recognized in industry, so the n a m e of the committee was changed to A S T M E-7 Committee on Nondestructive Testing. As the entire field of ndt has become more and more sophisticated, the E-7 committee has broadened its scope over the years and as of 1970 the scope of the committee was rewritten and states that C o m mittee E-7 on Nondestructive Testing is organized for:
'The promotion of knowledge, advancement of the technology and stimulation and s p o n s o r s h i p of r e s e a r c h , with r e g a r d to nondestructive testing of engineering m a t e r i a l s , s t r u c t u r e s and a s s e m b l i e s , o r discontinuities, s t r u c t u r a l i r r e g u l a r i t i e s or c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s , and extension of the methods used to other m a t e r i a l s and p r o c e s s engineering p r o b l e m s . 'The formulation of r e q u i r e m e n t s relating to the p e r f o r m a n c e , interpretation and classification of r e s u l t s of such tests, without prejudice to the jurisdiction of product c o m m i t t e e s o v e r their r e s p e c t i v e products. 'The coordination and review of nondestructive t e s t ing clauses initiated by other c o m m i t t e e s o r included in documents p r e p a r e d jointly with other o r g a n i z a tions. 'Liaison to include coordination and consultation where desirable with other A S T M technical committees as well as other organizations associated with nondestructive testing. non-destructive testing August 1971
251
' A r e a s of interest: The principal a r e a of interest of Committee E-7 includes the traditional n o n d e s t r u c tive test methods such as radiographic, magnetic particle, penetrant, ultrasonic, e l e c t r o m a g n e t i c (eddy current) and leak testing methods and their applications and extensions as delineated in the scope, also other methods which have been, or m a y be developed which are nondestructive and have similar objectives, applications, or extensions. The scope does not include determination or promulgation of acceptance standards for products subjected to nondestructive tests; these are the prerogatives of the product committees. However, it m a y include consultative or advisory effort in that area by request of any product committee, or any internally generated reference material for use and designed to facilitate the product committees' task of establishing such standards'.
This s e e m s to be a long drawn out p r o c e d u r e and it often takes many y e a r s to produce a document. The advantage of the s y s t e m is that by the time a document becomes a standard it has been so thoroughly worked over that it is seldom s e r i o u s l y questioned by the industries who use it. In addition, a set of checks and balances is build into the system; any voting m e m b e r of the E-7 Committee can send a proposed document back to committee by a simple negative vote--which, by the way, always r e q u i r e s an explanation.
The above statement of scope d e s c r i b e s in c o n s i d e r able detail what the E-7 Committee does, so, I suppose, the next question should be how does it w o r k ?
New Standard
Management of the committee is accomplished by the officers--a chairman, f i r s t vice chairman, second vice chairman, s e c r e t a r y , and m e m b e r s h i p s e c r e t a r y with an ASTM staff liaison r e p r e s e n t a t i v e acting as advisor. The main E-7 Committee is then divided into subcommittees: E07.01 Radiographic P r a c t i c e and P e n e t r a m eters E07.02 Reference Radiographs E07.03 Magnetic P a r t i c l e and Penetrant Testing E07.06 Ultrasonic Testing P r o c e d u r e E07.07 l~lectromagnetic Methods E07.08 Leak Testing E07.09 Materials Inspection and Testing Laboratories Plus the following administrative Subcommittees:
The Annual Report of Committee E-7 for 1970 was five printed pages in length and listed the following Recommendations Accepted by the Society Under the Interim P r o c e d u r e for Stanaards:
E390-69, Reference Radiographs for Steel Fusion Welds (Subcommittee E. 07.02) (Effective Oct. 17, 1969). This recommendation was prompted by a number of requests from m e m b e r s representing p r o c e dures and u s e r s of welded steel products who e x p r e s s e d a need for r e f e r e n c e radiographs d e s c r i b ing the types and s e v e r i t y levels of discontinuities by radiographic inspection of welds in steel products. Tentative adoption as Standard without Revision E376-69 (Formerly E376-68T) R e c o m m e n d e d Practice for Measuring Coating Thickness by Magnetic Field or Eddy Current (Electromagnetic) Test Methods (Subcommittee E07.07) (Effective Oct. 17, 1969). R.eapproval of Standards
E07.92 Nomenclature E07.99 USA National Committee for ISO/TC 135 on Nondestructive Testing E07.9 Monitoring of Illustrations in E-7 Documents E07.9 New Methods Review
E155-164 (1970) Reference Radiographs for Inspection of Aluminum and Magnesium Castings (Series HI) (Subcommittee EOT. 02). E192-64 (1970) Reference Radiographs of Investment Steel Castings for A e r o s p a c e Applications (Subcommittee E07.02).
(The last two administrative subcommittees are so new that they have not had a computer number assigned to them as of this writing)
To detail the activities of the 33 various task groups making up the Subcommittees would be too lengthy to r e p o r t in this paper, however, it can be assumed that each of these task groups will generate a document sometime in the future. However, it might be of interest to provide a r e c o r d of c u r r e n t documents from the ASTM 1970 Annual Book of Standards, P a r t 31, which have emanated from Committee E-7 on Nondestructive Testing. These are:
The committee officers and the Subcommittee Chairm a n form the Committee E-7 Executive Council which is the governing body of the committee. The Subcommittees o v e r s e e a number of Task Groups, each of which is assigned a specific task which usually leads to the generation of a document, for example a recommended practice or set of r e f e r e n c e photographs. When the document is p r o duced by the Task F o r c e , it is ballotted among the m e m b e r s of the Task F o r c e and all negative votes a r e resolved by consultation until a g r e e m e n t is reached. When this is accomplished the document is balloted by the Subcommittee, and all negative votes again a r e resolved. At this point, the document is ready for Committee E - 7 balloting which is generally proposed to the Executive Council. The full C o m mittee E-7 is then balloted (which requites a 60% response), and when all negative votes a r e resolved by the Task F o r c e and the Subcommittee, Committee E-7 r e c o m m e n d s to ASTM that the document be accepted as Tentative or Standard and a number is 252
assigned by A S T M , such as E376-69, and the document is added to the A S T M book of standards.
non-destructive testing August 1971
E LEC TROMAGNE
TIC
R e c o m m e n d e d Practices for: (1)
E309-66T Eddy C u r r e n t Testing of Steel Tubular P r o d u c t s with Magnetic Saturation (2) E243-67T Electromagnetic (Eddy Current) T e s t ing of Seamless Copper and Copper Alloy Heat Exchanges and Condensor Tubes (3) E215-67 Electromagnetic Testing of Seamless Aluminum Alloy Tube, Standardizing Equipment for
(4) E376-69 Measuring Coating Thickness by Magnetic-Field or Eddy-Current (Electromagnetic) Test Methods.
(19) E71-64 Steel Castings up to 2-in Thickness (20) E390-69 Steel Fusion Welds (21) E99-63 Steel Welds (22) E310-68 Tin Bronze Castings
Definition of Terms Relatin~ to:
(5) E268-68 Electromagnetic Testing
Recommended Practices for: (23) E94-68 Radiographic Testing
LIQUID P E N E T R A N T Methods for: E165-65 Liquid P e n e t r a n t Inspection Definitions of T e r m s Relating to: (7) E270-68 Liquid P e n e t r a n t Inspection
ULTRASONIC
(6)
MAGNETIC P A R T I C L E
Methods for:
Methods for: (24) E164-65 Ultrasonic Contact Inspection of Weldments (25) E273-68 Ultrasonic Inspection of Longitudinal and Spiral Welds of Welded Pipe and Tubing (26) E213-68 Ultrasonic Inspection of Metal Pipe and Tubing for Longitudinal Discontinuities.
(8) E109-63 Magnetic P a r t i c l e Inspections, Dry Powder
(9) E138-63 Magnetic P a r t i c l e Inspection, Wet R e f e r e n c e Photographs for:
(10) E125-63 Magnetic P a r t i c l e Indication on F e r r o u s Castings Definitions of T e r m s Relating to: (11) E269-68 Magnetic Particle Inspection RADIOGRAPHY
Methods for: (12) E142-68 Radiographic Testing, Controlling Quality of Reference Radiographs for: = ,
(13) E155-64 Aluminum and Magnesium Castings (Series H), Inspection of (14) E242-68 Appearance of Radiographic Images as Certain P a r a m e t e r s a r e Changed (15) E280-68 Heavy Walled (41/2 to 12-in) Steel Castings (16) E272-67 High Strength Copper Base and Nickel Copper Alloy Castings (17) E192-64 Investment Steel Castings for Aerospace Applications (16) E186-67 Steel Castings, Heavy Walled (2 to 41/2 in)
Recommended Practices for:
(27) E317-66 Evaluating Performances Characteristic of Pulse Echo Ultrasonic Testing Systems (28) E127-64 Fabricating and Checking Aluminum Alloy Ultrasonic Standard Reference Blocks (29) E214-66 Immersed Ultrasonic Testing by the Reflection Methods Using Pulsed Longitudinal Waves (30) El14-63 Ultrasonic Testing by the Reflection Method, Using Pulsed Longitudinal Waves Induced by Direct Current (31) El13-67 Ultrasonic Testing by the Resonance Method This then is the report card of Committee E-7. In the next to last sentence of the editorial mentioned in the v e r y beginning, Mr Cavanaugh says 'As the Managing D i r e c t o r of ASTM, I feel that it is vitally important for us to help the m e m b e r s of the technical and professional societies to understand what we a r e up to and why'. In a much s m a l l e r way, this article is an attempt to s u r v e y what ASTM's Committee E - 7 on Nondestructive Testing is up to. T h e r e is a p o s t e r seen occasionally on the bulletin boards of manufacturing establishments in this country which says in effect ' P r o g r e s s is when e v e r y one pushes in the same direction'. The same thought can and should be applied to nondestructive testing p r a c t i c e s all o v e r the globe.
non-destructive testing August 1971
253