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New system of gas-burners
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3{echardcs, Physics, and Chemistrjt.
duce the reverberating motion and mixing of the gases described in the patent, and consequently a more thorough combustion, appears to.us: manifest, ti'om the inspection which we have here described,, :
NATHAN HALl,, E . I-I, DERBY,
Boston, 2~ovember 17th, 1854.
THo~AS A. DEx'r~a.
Tr~mslated for the Journal of the Franklin Insl;itute~
2t ~ew ~ode of Building Ships. M. Lombo-Miraval called the attention of the Socie~yfor the Eneour. ageraent of 2v~atio~al Industry to a mode of building vessels, which is entirely original. ~Ihe boats, in this system, are entirely buitt of iron wire and hydraulic cement, and the author attributes to them the following advantages : great strength, absotute impermeability, quick repair in ease of damage, perfect stabiliiy obtained by the ballast being at the bottom and making part of the hull ; finally, incomparable quickness of building. A vessel built on this system six years ago, has been running ever since, without requiring any repairs, although it has gone through rough trials. Nothin~ easier, says M. Miraval, than to build in a few days, on t)oara a fleet, as" many "gun-boats, or rafts for disembarkation, as may be wanted. Cosmos~ vol. v., p. 292. Translated for the .Iortrnal of the Franklin tastltute.
Note System of Gas-B~rners. M. Ador has at length succeeded in applying his system of'gas-lighting on the largest possible scale. In the immense Caf~ Esiaminet de Paris, he has established a great number of apparatus, furnishing together nearly six hundred candle-burners, the Ador apparatus consists essentially of a tube on which are screwed two bulbs, the one above, which is. surrounded by the flame and into which the gas passes from the meter, the other below, suppSed by any hydro-carbon (liquid), the surface of which the heated gas licks, and then passes out by small tubes arranged at the summit of this second ball. By this arrangement, the gas is under conditions very di~t~rentfrom those in which ordinary burners place it. For, first, the rise of temperature which it undergoes dilates it, causes it to occupy a greater volume, and consequently brings it into contact with a greater quantity of air; the combustion is thus more perfect, and there is no longer any smoke. And, secondly, the contact with the warm hydro-carbon supersaturates the gas with carbon, or solid particles in a state of extraordinary division, and increases in a considerable proportion the brilliancy of the flame, a brilliancy proportioned to the number of solid particles in ignition. This last effect is so certain and so excellent, that when applied to pure hydrogen extracted from water, a gas which in burnin ives out a great deal of heat but scarcely any light, it transg an excellent . hghtmg . . The. final result of the two roodififorms itg into gas. cations which common gas thus undergoes~ is an economy of at least fifty
2v'ew Processfor Paper 2da&i:~g.
405
per cent. ; in fact, it is established by numerous and positive experiments, that the elevation of temperature alone diminishes by one.third the quantity of gas consumed for equal light, and the ett~ct of carburation is almost equally great.~Cosmos, vol, v., p. 257. Translated for the Journal of the Franktin Institute.
2¢'ew Processfor ~,ngraving on Zinc. M. Dumont, an engraver, (Rue Dauphine, 17,). describes, under the name of Zincogcaphy, a process for electric engraving, which is promising. Upon a thick plate of zinc planed and grained with a steei tool and fine sand, he draws any Subject with a kind of lithographic crayon ; upon the design, when finished, he sprinkIes a fine powder, mixed with resin, Burgundy pitch, and bitumen of Judea ; by heating the zinc plate he melts this powder, which is converted into a varnish, and spreads over the parts of the surface which have been covered with the fat crayon, that is~ ca every thing which constitutes the design. T o bite in the plate, and obtain the design in relief, he plunges it, while in connexion with the positive pole of the pile, into a bath of sulphate of zinc, in face of another plate connected with the negative pole ; the current passes and corrodes the zinc which is not covered by the ink, and thus the design is brought out ; from the plate thus engraved in relief, a gutta-percha mould is taken, in which copper is deposited to obtain the engraved plate, fi'om which proofs may be taken by the ordinary typographic press. The process invented by M. Dumont is a new application of the principle first applied by M. Beuvibze, and which M. Baldus has successfully used in his attempts at photographic engraving.~Cosmos, vet. v., p. "29"2.
For the a:ournal of the Franklin Institute,
Leakage of Gas-Pipes. Will our gas.fitters believe the statement of the Abb~ Moigno, that art ingenious Parisian, M. Maccaud, has at gength found a practical method of detecting the locality of a leak in a gas-tube, which is to stop up all its known openings and pump air into it, and look or Iisten where it comes out. Yet this immense improvement is announced in Cosmos with a terrible flourish of trumpets, and we are told that "the old method was long, ineffectual, and dangerousfrom the explosionswhich it frequently caused. Happy Paris ! Translated for the Journal of the, Franklin Institute.
,)Few Processfor Paper ~laking. An excellent process for making pulp for paper and pasteboard, from wood, was invented a short time ago byM. Hartmann ; this process has been perfected by M. SehIesinger, who has established a manufactury irt England, where his methods have great success.
3{echardcs, Physics, and Chemistrjt.
duce the reverberating motion and mixing of the gases described in the patent, and consequently a more thorough combustion, appears to.us: manifest, ti'om the inspection which we have here described,, :
NATHAN HALl,, E . I-I, DERBY,
Boston, 2~ovember 17th, 1854.
THo~AS A. DEx'r~a.
Tr~mslated for the Journal of the Franklin Insl;itute~
2t ~ew ~ode of Building Ships. M. Lombo-Miraval called the attention of the Socie~yfor the Eneour. ageraent of 2v~atio~al Industry to a mode of building vessels, which is entirely original. ~Ihe boats, in this system, are entirely buitt of iron wire and hydraulic cement, and the author attributes to them the following advantages : great strength, absotute impermeability, quick repair in ease of damage, perfect stabiliiy obtained by the ballast being at the bottom and making part of the hull ; finally, incomparable quickness of building. A vessel built on this system six years ago, has been running ever since, without requiring any repairs, although it has gone through rough trials. Nothin~ easier, says M. Miraval, than to build in a few days, on t)oara a fleet, as" many "gun-boats, or rafts for disembarkation, as may be wanted. Cosmos~ vol. v., p. 292. Translated for the .Iortrnal of the Franklin tastltute.
Note System of Gas-B~rners. M. Ador has at length succeeded in applying his system of'gas-lighting on the largest possible scale. In the immense Caf~ Esiaminet de Paris, he has established a great number of apparatus, furnishing together nearly six hundred candle-burners, the Ador apparatus consists essentially of a tube on which are screwed two bulbs, the one above, which is. surrounded by the flame and into which the gas passes from the meter, the other below, suppSed by any hydro-carbon (liquid), the surface of which the heated gas licks, and then passes out by small tubes arranged at the summit of this second ball. By this arrangement, the gas is under conditions very di~t~rentfrom those in which ordinary burners place it. For, first, the rise of temperature which it undergoes dilates it, causes it to occupy a greater volume, and consequently brings it into contact with a greater quantity of air; the combustion is thus more perfect, and there is no longer any smoke. And, secondly, the contact with the warm hydro-carbon supersaturates the gas with carbon, or solid particles in a state of extraordinary division, and increases in a considerable proportion the brilliancy of the flame, a brilliancy proportioned to the number of solid particles in ignition. This last effect is so certain and so excellent, that when applied to pure hydrogen extracted from water, a gas which in burnin ives out a great deal of heat but scarcely any light, it transg an excellent . hghtmg . . The. final result of the two roodififorms itg into gas. cations which common gas thus undergoes~ is an economy of at least fifty
2v'ew Processfor Paper 2da&i:~g.
405
per cent. ; in fact, it is established by numerous and positive experiments, that the elevation of temperature alone diminishes by one.third the quantity of gas consumed for equal light, and the ett~ct of carburation is almost equally great.~Cosmos, vol, v., p. 257. Translated for the Journal of the Franktin Institute.
2¢'ew Processfor ~,ngraving on Zinc. M. Dumont, an engraver, (Rue Dauphine, 17,). describes, under the name of Zincogcaphy, a process for electric engraving, which is promising. Upon a thick plate of zinc planed and grained with a steei tool and fine sand, he draws any Subject with a kind of lithographic crayon ; upon the design, when finished, he sprinkIes a fine powder, mixed with resin, Burgundy pitch, and bitumen of Judea ; by heating the zinc plate he melts this powder, which is converted into a varnish, and spreads over the parts of the surface which have been covered with the fat crayon, that is~ ca every thing which constitutes the design. T o bite in the plate, and obtain the design in relief, he plunges it, while in connexion with the positive pole of the pile, into a bath of sulphate of zinc, in face of another plate connected with the negative pole ; the current passes and corrodes the zinc which is not covered by the ink, and thus the design is brought out ; from the plate thus engraved in relief, a gutta-percha mould is taken, in which copper is deposited to obtain the engraved plate, fi'om which proofs may be taken by the ordinary typographic press. The process invented by M. Dumont is a new application of the principle first applied by M. Beuvibze, and which M. Baldus has successfully used in his attempts at photographic engraving.~Cosmos, vet. v., p. "29"2.
For the a:ournal of the Franklin Institute,
Leakage of Gas-Pipes. Will our gas.fitters believe the statement of the Abb~ Moigno, that art ingenious Parisian, M. Maccaud, has at gength found a practical method of detecting the locality of a leak in a gas-tube, which is to stop up all its known openings and pump air into it, and look or Iisten where it comes out. Yet this immense improvement is announced in Cosmos with a terrible flourish of trumpets, and we are told that "the old method was long, ineffectual, and dangerousfrom the explosionswhich it frequently caused. Happy Paris ! Translated for the Journal of the, Franklin Institute.
,)Few Processfor Paper ~laking. An excellent process for making pulp for paper and pasteboard, from wood, was invented a short time ago byM. Hartmann ; this process has been perfected by M. SehIesinger, who has established a manufactury irt England, where his methods have great success.