- Email: [email protected]
Night vision devices (A bibliography with abstracts)
This article, which begins with an analysis of the mechanics of vibrations. reports on vibration measurements carried out on 49 saws including almost all chain saws on the market, some equipped with shock absorbers. On the average, vibratory acceleration in saws without shock absorbers is 2"5 times greater, and may be eight to 16 times greater, than in those with shock absorbers. The best way to minimize vibrations in saw handles is to use rubber springs as shock absorbers between the engine and blade assembly and the rest of the saw. Rubber springs should be changed after every 200 h sawing. It is possible to set limits for vibration which can be technically realized.
Thermal conditions 7.3.35 (69332)
Allan, R.E. et al. Heating and cooling for man in industry. A merican Industrial
Hygiene Association, Akron, Ohio, USA. 2nd Ed, 1975, 147 pp; abstr in CIS Abstracts (CIS 75-1897). The contents of this extensive AIHA manual, profusely illustrated with photographs, drawings and tables, are: general planning of a temperate industrial environment; heat exchange and human tolerance limits; control of radiant heat, types of ventilation systems (natural and mechanical supply and exhaust); adding heat to the space; removing heat from a space; moisture control; makeup air, heat conservation and recovery (rationale and methods); air distribution; selection and application of air filters; testing of air flow systems; instruments used for assessment of the thermal environment: air flow around buildings, interior air flow and pressurization; supply and exhaust system design.
7.3.36 (69334)
Ramsey, LD. Sedentary work by females in hot environments. In: Human Factors in
Our Expanding Technology, Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Nineteenth Annual Meeting, Dallas, Texas, USA, 14- 16 Oct 1975, pp 498 - 499. Performance by females on sedentary work tasks did not show meaningful decrement as a function of work place temperatures. In general, females showed less effect on performance in hot environments than did male subjects engaged in the same work activities.
170
Specialised and protective clothing and equipment 7.3.37 (688061
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Development of criteria for industrial and firefighters' head protective devices. HEW Publication No (NIOSHI 75-125, The Institute, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA, Jan 1975.80 pp; abstr C[S Abstracts (CIS 75-1420). Following an analysis of occupational head injury accidents, the findings of a study designed to elaborate criteria for performance, testing and user's standards for an efficient means of head protection are reported. After considerations on head injury types. anthropometry of the head and human factors, requirements are established for impact attenuation and penetration resistance. Another part reviews current performance and test standards. Detailed criteria for recomm ended standards comprise requirements for materials, helmet assembly, impact attenuation, penetration resistance and other characteristics. Test methods and results are discussed, and recommendations are given to the user. 7.3.38 t68812)
Lehmann, E.J. Night vision devices (A bibliography with abstractsl. TRC Report No T75-5457, Jan 1975.95 pp; abstr in
R and D Abstracts. Covers all types of night vision devices. Most were developed for warfare operations but have applications to many other areas. Includes reports on display screens, equipment design and effectiveness. electronics, noise reduction and test methods.
regulators are nlentioned and their causes listed Development directed towards reducing the breathing effort required of aircrew continues. Advances in mask and helmet design are mentioned and reference made to anthropometric. techniques developed to obtain data o~ which to design both helmets and masks. 7.3.40 (69374~
Duncan, J.. and Konz. S. Design and evaluation of a personal dry-ice cooling jacket. In: Human
Factors in Our Expanding Technology, Proceedings o/ the Human Factors Society Nineteenth Annual Meeting, Dallas. Texas. USA. 14- 16 Oct 1975. pp 359 - 363 A personal dry-ice cooling jacket for workers in industrial heat stress environments was developed following three stages of prototype design and evaluation. Model-B2 was evaluated in two laboratory heat stress environments (dr~-bulb temperatures of 35 and 45°CI on two mate subjects pedalling 60 rain. Garment variables were dry-ice surface area and pocket insulation. Mean heart rate throughout the 60 lni~l exposure was 14 beats/rain less with the jacket in the 45 ° C environmen-t and 18 beats/rain less in the 35 ° C ~nvironment. Mean rate of sweat loss was 0.06 kg/hr.m 2 less with the jacket at 45°C and 0"21 less at 35°C Mean rectal temperature was 0-6 I°C less with the jacket at 45°C and 0"4q°(" less at 35°C. Both the head and arnJ temperatures were significantly cooler while wearing the 3acket. Oxygen uptake was 24N higher with the jacket, suggesting that heart production by non-shivering thermogenesis may occur when the ,acket is worn. Dry-ice surface area affected skin and rectal temperatures.
7.3.39 (68818)
7.3.41 16937~)
Bolton, C.B.
Bally, A.
Ergonomics of aircrew respiratory apparatus. Annals o f Occupational Hygiene, Aug 1975. 18.1.83 88.
Industrial design case history: developing a safer gas monitor In:
Cu rrent work on aircrew oxygen breathing systems at the Royal Aircraft Establishment. Farnborough, is described, and the basic requirements of aircrew breathing systems for use at altitudes up to 60 000 ft are outlined. Although high altitude military aircraft employ pressure cabins, the breathing system must be designed to provide adequate protection for the aircrew in case of pressure cabin failure due to accident or enemy action. Typical demand regulator breathing systems are outlined, and the way in which the oxygen regulator is required to change its mode of operation with increasing altitude is described. Problems of flow instability encountered with very sensitive
Applied Ergonomics September 1976
Human Factors in Our Expanding Technology, Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Nineteenth Annual Meeting, Dallas, Texas, USA 14-16 Oct 1975. pp 364 -367. Developing an enclosure for a portable, industrial gas monitor began with observation of users. Analysts indicated that product form and method of auditory display may be directly related to user safety. Concepts of safety-enhancing forms were generated; a brief field simulation with mock-ups identified the final approach: auditory and compatible visual displays were devised. A final overview describes other design features of the product as it is being marketed today.
Thermal conditions 7.3.35 (69332)
Allan, R.E. et al. Heating and cooling for man in industry. A merican Industrial
Hygiene Association, Akron, Ohio, USA. 2nd Ed, 1975, 147 pp; abstr in CIS Abstracts (CIS 75-1897). The contents of this extensive AIHA manual, profusely illustrated with photographs, drawings and tables, are: general planning of a temperate industrial environment; heat exchange and human tolerance limits; control of radiant heat, types of ventilation systems (natural and mechanical supply and exhaust); adding heat to the space; removing heat from a space; moisture control; makeup air, heat conservation and recovery (rationale and methods); air distribution; selection and application of air filters; testing of air flow systems; instruments used for assessment of the thermal environment: air flow around buildings, interior air flow and pressurization; supply and exhaust system design.
7.3.36 (69334)
Ramsey, LD. Sedentary work by females in hot environments. In: Human Factors in
Our Expanding Technology, Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Nineteenth Annual Meeting, Dallas, Texas, USA, 14- 16 Oct 1975, pp 498 - 499. Performance by females on sedentary work tasks did not show meaningful decrement as a function of work place temperatures. In general, females showed less effect on performance in hot environments than did male subjects engaged in the same work activities.
170
Specialised and protective clothing and equipment 7.3.37 (688061
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Development of criteria for industrial and firefighters' head protective devices. HEW Publication No (NIOSHI 75-125, The Institute, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA, Jan 1975.80 pp; abstr C[S Abstracts (CIS 75-1420). Following an analysis of occupational head injury accidents, the findings of a study designed to elaborate criteria for performance, testing and user's standards for an efficient means of head protection are reported. After considerations on head injury types. anthropometry of the head and human factors, requirements are established for impact attenuation and penetration resistance. Another part reviews current performance and test standards. Detailed criteria for recomm ended standards comprise requirements for materials, helmet assembly, impact attenuation, penetration resistance and other characteristics. Test methods and results are discussed, and recommendations are given to the user. 7.3.38 t68812)
Lehmann, E.J. Night vision devices (A bibliography with abstractsl. TRC Report No T75-5457, Jan 1975.95 pp; abstr in
R and D Abstracts. Covers all types of night vision devices. Most were developed for warfare operations but have applications to many other areas. Includes reports on display screens, equipment design and effectiveness. electronics, noise reduction and test methods.
regulators are nlentioned and their causes listed Development directed towards reducing the breathing effort required of aircrew continues. Advances in mask and helmet design are mentioned and reference made to anthropometric. techniques developed to obtain data o~ which to design both helmets and masks. 7.3.40 (69374~
Duncan, J.. and Konz. S. Design and evaluation of a personal dry-ice cooling jacket. In: Human
Factors in Our Expanding Technology, Proceedings o/ the Human Factors Society Nineteenth Annual Meeting, Dallas. Texas. USA. 14- 16 Oct 1975. pp 359 - 363 A personal dry-ice cooling jacket for workers in industrial heat stress environments was developed following three stages of prototype design and evaluation. Model-B2 was evaluated in two laboratory heat stress environments (dr~-bulb temperatures of 35 and 45°CI on two mate subjects pedalling 60 rain. Garment variables were dry-ice surface area and pocket insulation. Mean heart rate throughout the 60 lni~l exposure was 14 beats/rain less with the jacket in the 45 ° C environmen-t and 18 beats/rain less in the 35 ° C ~nvironment. Mean rate of sweat loss was 0.06 kg/hr.m 2 less with the jacket at 45°C and 0"21 less at 35°C Mean rectal temperature was 0-6 I°C less with the jacket at 45°C and 0"4q°(" less at 35°C. Both the head and arnJ temperatures were significantly cooler while wearing the 3acket. Oxygen uptake was 24N higher with the jacket, suggesting that heart production by non-shivering thermogenesis may occur when the ,acket is worn. Dry-ice surface area affected skin and rectal temperatures.
7.3.39 (68818)
7.3.41 16937~)
Bolton, C.B.
Bally, A.
Ergonomics of aircrew respiratory apparatus. Annals o f Occupational Hygiene, Aug 1975. 18.1.83 88.
Industrial design case history: developing a safer gas monitor In:
Cu rrent work on aircrew oxygen breathing systems at the Royal Aircraft Establishment. Farnborough, is described, and the basic requirements of aircrew breathing systems for use at altitudes up to 60 000 ft are outlined. Although high altitude military aircraft employ pressure cabins, the breathing system must be designed to provide adequate protection for the aircrew in case of pressure cabin failure due to accident or enemy action. Typical demand regulator breathing systems are outlined, and the way in which the oxygen regulator is required to change its mode of operation with increasing altitude is described. Problems of flow instability encountered with very sensitive
Applied Ergonomics September 1976
Human Factors in Our Expanding Technology, Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Nineteenth Annual Meeting, Dallas, Texas, USA 14-16 Oct 1975. pp 364 -367. Developing an enclosure for a portable, industrial gas monitor began with observation of users. Analysts indicated that product form and method of auditory display may be directly related to user safety. Concepts of safety-enhancing forms were generated; a brief field simulation with mock-ups identified the final approach: auditory and compatible visual displays were devised. A final overview describes other design features of the product as it is being marketed today.